Tag: nevin manimala

JMIR Infodemiology. 2026 Apr 9;6:e74440. doi: 10.2196/74440.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders, especially attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have seen a marked rise in public attention, yet research on public opinion remains limited. Social media analysis offers real-time, unfiltered insights into public perceptions, enabling empirical examination of public attitudes and opinions.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the evolution of public opinion on ADHD and ASD between 2009 and 2023 by analyzing posts from X (formerly known as Twitter; X Corp), comparing perceptions across English and Spanish languages and against other mental health conditions.

METHODS: Posts mentioning keywords related to ADHD and ASD and control conditions (eg, depression, anxiety, insomnia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide, and substance use disorders) were collected from X between 2009 and 2023. The dataset included posts in both English and Spanish. Machine learning algorithms were then applied to classify post content into predefined categories, including volume of posts, engagement, personal experiences, trivialization, perceived causes, and perceived treatability. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to assess for differences by language. Descriptive statistics were presented using tables and graphical representations.

RESULTS: A total of 852,990 posts were analyzed, including 511,510 (59.97%) in English and 341,480 (40.03%) in Spanish. Overall, post volume on mental health conditions increased across the study period. In English, posts about ADHD (97,084/511,510, 18.98%) and ASD (74,619/511,510, 14.59%) were among the most frequent, while of the 341,480 Spanish posts, there were 49,475 (14.49%) ASD posts, significantly outnumbering ADHD posts (n=18,223, 5.34%; chi-square test P<.001). Engagement analysis indicated a notable increase in likes and reposts per post over time, particularly after 2019, with ADHD-related posts in English experiencing peak engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, ASD posts had comparatively lower engagement across languages. Posts sharing personal experiences were more polarized in Spanish, with higher proportions of negative and positive experiences compared with English posts. Trivialization of mental illnesses was less common in Spanish posts than in English posts, particularly for ADHD (17,053/18,223, 93.59%; chi-square test P<.001) and ASD (41,933/49,475, 84.73%; chi-square test P<.001). User-perceived causes included multifactorial factors, biological or genetic factors, substance use, psychological susceptibility, acute psychosocial stressors, and COVID-19. Perceived treatability varied by language but consistently included high perceived incurability, limited improvement despite professional help, and low perceived self-manageability except for anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of social media discourse showed that ADHD attracted higher post volumes, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, often described with multifactorial causes including substance use and genetics. ASD consistently received lower engagement. Both language groups showed low trivialization, awareness of the chronicity of the illness, and limited support for the self-management of mental health conditions. These findings underscore social media’s value for capturing direct public perceptions to guide future educational and intervention efforts.

PMID:41955613 | DOI:10.2196/74440

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):425-432. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218722.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To content analysis the problem of thyroid disorders and thyroid gland pathology among adults in Ukraine and Ternopil region.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research was conducted during 2021-2025 in several stages on the base of scientific literature about endocrine system disorders. At the theoretical stage, the state of problem development in the scientific literature of oiodine deficiency was studied. 75 scientific papers were used for the analysis, which were searched for using the following keywords: goitre, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thyroiditis, iodine deficiency. Statistical data was also collected and analyzed on the incidence of iodine deficiency disorders among the adult population of Ukraine, particularly in the Ternopil region. International manuscripts and articles on the problem of oiodine deficiency diseases were studied also, such as: Diffuse goitre, Nodular goitre, Hypothyroidism, Postoperative hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyroiditis; Ukraininan experience was analyzed and generalized.

CONCLUSION: Conclussions: The reason for iodine deficiency is the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and negative state of the environment due to a natural deficiency of iodine and other elements. The scientific report shows the need to inform about preventive and health-improving measures among the adult population, depending on regional characteristics.

PMID:41955604 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218722

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):346-354. doi: 10.36740/WLek/217851.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the anticancer, apoptotic, and antioxidant effects of Alo on A549 cells, both alone and in combination with CP, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the death of cancer cells.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The American Type Culture Collection’s (ATCC) normal HBL100 cells and human lung A549 cells were used in the investigation. The cells were split into four groups. Following a 72-hour incubation period, ELISA assays were used to quantify the levels of the DPP-4 enzyme, apoptotic regulators (Bax and caspase-3), and oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde) in lung cancer cell and normal cell lines. One-way ANOVA with significance set at P < 0.05 were used in the statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Results: The findings showed that Alo reduced the activity of the DPP-4 enzyme in both cell lines (P < 0.0001). Molecular analysis showed a considerable increase in pro-apoptotic markers (BAX, Caspase-3). Higher amounts of malondialdehyde were indicative of increased oxidative stress in both monotherapy and combination. But in HBL 100 cells, Alo decreased BAX, caspase-3, and MDA levels.

CONCLUSION: ConclusionS: Alo has caused cancer cell death through a variety of mechanisms, such as DPP4 inhibition, apoptotic pathway activation, and oxidative stress enhancement based on DPP-4, BAX, caspase-3, and MDA measurements.

PMID:41955594 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/217851

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):336-345. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218724.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the structural features of vascular plexuses of the cerebral ventricles at different stages of ontogenesis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The results of the study were obtained by examining the vascular plexuses of the ventricles of the human brain. Brain specimens from people aged up to 86 years were examined. Macro-, micro- and submicroscopic, light-optical, and statistical methods were used to establish the morphological features of the structure and innervation and to identify the nerve-receptor apparatus of the vessels and tissue substrate of the vascular plexuses of the human brain ventricles at different stages of ontogenesis.

RESULTS: Results: Research has shown that the vascular plexuses of the ventricles of the human brain consist of epithelium and connective tissue with a large number of blood vessels. The plexus has villous and non-villous parts. The epithelium is represented by light and dark cells of cubic and flattened shape. The stroma of the vascular p lexus consists of collagen fibrils, protofibrils, and fibers enclosed in the ground substance. Fibroblasts are located here singly and in groups. A large number of microvilli and cilia are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. The nuclei of epithelial cells are located near the basement membrane of the epithelium and can take on various shapes. Contacts between epithelial cells are most often in the form of tight junctions. A small number of macrophages and mast cells are found at the border with epithelial cells. It should be noted that vascular plexuses, in terms of vascularization, are organs with dual blood supply (trophic and functional). The basis of the vascular plexus is formed by blood vessels, which, after entering the thickness of the plexus, branch off from the main vessels running along the plexus into a microcirculatory bed with a highly complex structure. We have established that the diameters of microvessels undergo changes during ontogenesis that correlate with changes in the plexus itself, occurring simultaneously with the development of the brain.

CONCLUSION: Conclussions: The basis of the vascular plexuses of the cerebral ventricles is formed by a collection of blood vessels – from muscular arteries to capillaries, which come into contact with the ependymal epithelium in the villi of the plexus. The microcirculatory bed is adapted to its connective tissue environment and is closely functionally related to the epithelium of the vascular organ. Capillaries with polar arrangement of fenestrated endothelial cells on the side of the vascular plexus epithelium predominate, indicating their active transport function and participation in the function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier as part of the blood-brain barrier. Microvessels undergo changes during ontogenesis that correlate with changes in the plexus itself, which occur simultaneously with the development of the brain and reflect the functional loads of the vascular plexus.

PMID:41955593 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218724

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):328-335. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218720.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the dynamics of morphofunctional development indicators in female cadets – future law enforcement officers – in the process of engaging in various types of motor activity during their academic training.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research involved 56 female cadets in their first to third training years. Two groups of female cadets were formed: an experimental group (EG, n = 27), whose members attended the university’s CrossFit sports club, and a control group (CG, n = 29), whose members did not engage in additional sports activities, but only participated in the traditional program during their sporting and mass-participation activities (SMPAs). Research methods: theoretical methods, biomedical methods, statistical methods.

RESULTS: Results: It was found that in female cadets who practiced CrossFit, all the parameters studied were significantly (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) better at the end of the research than in female cadets who practiced using the traditional SMPAs method by the BMI – 1.07 kg/m2, the SI – 4.36 %, the VI – 4.14 ml/kg, the RI – 2.99 c. u., HRRI – 7.4 s, HSTI – 6.8 c. u., PWC – 103.1 kgm/min, BF – by 0.4 %, and SHL – by 3.16 points. The analysis of the dynamics of the studied indicators during the academic training period showed that in the EG, unlike the CG, all studied indicators have a stable tendency to improve.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The data we obtained indicate that CrossFit training sessions effectively contribute to the improvement of the morphofunctional development of female cadets during their academic training for future law enforcement activities.

PMID:41955592 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218720

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):281-288. doi: 10.36740/WLek/214411.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study changes in the length of the anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL) by measuring it before and during manual inversion loading in the presence of symptoms of chronic ankle-foot joint instability.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in patients of two age groups: 20-29 and 30-39 years. The length of the ligament was determined sonographically in the neutral position and in the position of maximum inversion.

RESULTS: Results: According to the results of the study, the average length of the uninjured ATFL in men in the neutral position was 19.08±0.3 mm. With inversion loading, the length of the ligament increased to 19.65±0.3 mm. In women, the average length of the uninjured ATFL in the neutral position was 16.92±0.2 mm, with inversion loading – 17.37±0.2 mm. With joint instability, the average length of the ATFL on the side of the injury in the neutral position was 19.13±0.36 mm, with inversion loading – 20.35±0.44 mm. The statistical difference in the length of the ATFL between the neutral position and inversion loading on the side of the injury was 1.25±0.04 mm (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results of our study show that sonography with inversion loading is a highly sensitive, specific, and accurate imaging method that can be used to diagnose chronic ankle-foot joint instability.

PMID:41955587 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/214411

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(2):255-264. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218713.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate E-cadherin expression in various clinical and pathological prognostic scenarios to determine its significance in the development of molecular subtypes of invasive ductal breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A comprehensive morphological and immunohistochemical study of 80 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was conducted to determine the molecular phenotype. The expression of E-cadherin, ER, PR receptors, c-erbB2, and Ki-67 was evaluated according to the manufacturer’s standardized protocols using appropriate positive and negative controls. The degree of tumor malignancy was determined using the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson system. Semi-quantitative assessment of E-cadherin expression was performed using the Qureshi scale. Pearson’s criterion was used for statistical analysis. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Results: Low E-cadherin expression was associated with stage 3, pT3, and G2/G3 grades of IDBC malignancy, confirming its unfavorable prognostic significance and correlation with the molecular profile. High E-cadherin expression was characteristic of ER-positive luminal A tumors, regardless of menopause, indicating a regulatory role for ER expression. The low proliferative activity of luminal IDBC cells was explained by high E-cadherin expression, which increased adhesive properties. Low E-cadherin expression is also a prognostic marker for TNBC.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: E-cadherin is a potent tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Its role in disease progression is confirmed by the correlation between partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression and poor prognosis for patients.

PMID:41955584 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218713

Mol Pharm. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c01779. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Amorphous drug formulations offer a powerful strategy for enhancing the apparent solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, their inherent physical instability, particularly the tendency to recrystallize during downstream processing, remains a significant hurdle. This study investigates the influence of pharmaceutical compaction parameters ─specifically compression pressure and dwell time─ on the stability and performance of melt-quenched amorphous formulations, using nifedipine (NIF) as a model compound. Compacts, prepared under varying pressures (50-250 MPa) and dwell times (1-60 s), were characterized by DSC, XRD, and ATR-FTIR, supported by multivariate analyses. Isothermal crystallization studies revealed that compression accelerated the amorphous-to-β-NIF transformation, with onset times significantly affected by both pressure and dwell time. A full factorial design confirmed statistically significant main and interaction effects. The subsequent NIF β → α transformation was observed during long-term storage under both low and high humidity, with faster polymorphic conversion under high humidity conditions. Intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) measurements showed that higher compaction generally reduced dissolution, though under the most extreme compression conditions (i.e., 250 MPa and 60 s), a modest increase in IDR was observed. Porosity measurements revealed a partial correlation between matrix densification and reduced dissolution or recrystallization resistance, though exceptions indicated the involvement of additional structural phenomena. Compared to previous findings on celecoxib, NIF exhibited a more pronounced and consistent sensitivity to both mechanical pressure and dwell time, despite sharing similar glass forming ability (GFA) classification and physicochemical properties. These findings emphasize the compound-specific nature of amorphous drug compression-induced destabilization and highlight the need for tailored assessment strategies during downstream processing of such amorphous drug formulations.

PMID:41955580 | DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c01779

J Glob Health. 2026 Apr 10;16:04118. doi: 10.7189/jogh.16.04118.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The implementation of COVID-19 control and prevention measures has significantly influenced the incidence rates of multiple notifiable infectious diseases. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological trends of notifiable infectious diseases in mainland China from 2020 to 2024, a period spanning both stringent interventions and their subsequent relaxation.

METHODS: We systematically analysed surveillance data from the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020-2024). We excluded COVID-19, monkeypox, and neonatal tetanus to ensure methodological consistency and comparability. We classified the diseases into Class A, B, and C notifiable infectious diseases and further grouped them by transmission routes: intestinal, respiratory, sexually transmitted and blood-borne, vector-borne/zoonotic, and others. We focused on incidence rates, mortality rates, seasonal patterns, and trends to inform future prevention and control strategies.

RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2024, mainland China recorded 38 notifiable infectious diseases (excluding COVID-19, monkeypox, and neonatal tetanus). The average incidence rate was 734.8945/100 000, showing an upward trend. Class A notifiable infectious diseases were extremely rare, Class B encompassed 25 types and showed a rising trend with minimal seasonal variation, and Class C included 11 types. Class C notifiable infectious diseases incidence remained relatively low from 2020 to 2022, but rose sharply in 2023 after the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions, maintaining elevated levels in 2024, with pronounced winter/spring peaks observed, especially in 2023-2024. Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) exhibited the highest incidence, while blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases accounted for over 90.35% of the deaths.

CONCLUSIONS: In mainland China, strict COVID-19 measures between 2020 and 2022 significantly reduced the incidence of RIDs. However, after COVID-19 management was downgraded and restrictions were relaxed in early 2023, these diseases resurged, demonstrating a ‘suppression-rebound’ effect.

PMID:41955568 | DOI:10.7189/jogh.16.04118

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Apr 9;14:e81001. doi: 10.2196/81001.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a global health concern. It is disproportionately prevalent among pregnant women in low-resource regions, where iron deficiency is the leading cause. Given the multifactorial nature of anemia, a range of nutritional interventions is recommended. However, effective implementation is often hindered by limited health care access, poor adherence to supplementation, and gaps in nutrition knowledge and counseling. To address these challenges and optimize hemoglobin (Hb) levels among pregnant women, mobile health (mHealth)-based nutritional interventions offer a promising alternative.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to review available evidence on the effectiveness of mHealth-based nutritional interventions on iron status (Hb and/or serum ferritin concentration) among pregnant women.

METHODS: Searches were conducted in Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and supplemented by snowballing to identify additional relevant studies from citation lists. The key search strings comprised 4 concepts: “mobile health,” “nutritional intervention,” “Hb, anemia or iron deficiency anemia,” and “pregnant women.” Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during screening. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. The primary end point was the change in mean Hb concentration or serum ferritin level. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as standardized mean differences, including Cohen d and Hedges g.

RESULTS: Of the 14,284 studies identified, only 11 randomized controlled trials were included. These studies used various modes of delivery, including mobile phone calls (n=1), SMS text messaging (n=3), and mobile apps (n=4), with some using more than 2 modes (n=3). The effect of mHealth-based nutritional interventions on iron status varied significantly. In total, 4 studies demonstrated a large ES (>0.8), with 3 relying on WhatsApp Messenger as an mHealth delivery mode. Approximately 82% (9/11) of the included studies reported a positive effect (P values ranging from <.001 to .047) of the intervention on Hb level, whereas 2 studies reported no statistically significant association (P=.33 and P=.35, respectively). Notably, interventions with the largest ES achieved clinically significant improvements in Hb concentration, with within- and between-group differences exceeding 1 g/dL. However, including behavioral change theories and nutrition-sensitive components was not consistently associated with larger ESs. Due to high heterogeneity (I2>95%), attributed to variations in mHealth delivery modes, functions, and interactive features across the included studies, meta-analysis could not be performed.

CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that mHealth-supported nutritional interventions effectively optimize Hb concentration in pregnant women. While SMS text messaging was less effective in improving Hb concentration, combining it with another mHealth delivery mode, such as phone calls, improved intervention effectiveness. However, the variability in mHealth delivery modes, functions, and interactive features underscores the need for tailored strategies that account for context-specific challenges, digital literacy, and access to technology to enhance effectiveness.

PMID:41955565 | DOI:10.2196/81001