Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):106501. doi: 10.1103/6bgj-bfdn.

ABSTRACT

Recent experiments reported evidence of superconductivity and reentrant integer quantum anomalous Hall (RIQAH) insulator upon doping the ν_{e}=2/3 fractional quantum anomalous Hall states (FQAHs) in twisted MoTe_{2}, separated by narrow resistive regions. Anyons of an FQAH generally have a finite effective mass and, when described by anyon-flux composite fermions (CFs), experience statistical magnetic fields with a commensurate filling. Here, we show that most of the experimental observations can be explained by invoking the effects of disorder on the Landau-Hofstadter bands of CFs. In particular, by making minimal assumptions about the anyon energetics and dispersion, we show that doping anyons drives plateau transitions of CFs into integer quantum Hall states, which physically corresponds to either a superconductor or to an RIQAH phase. We develop a dictionary that allows us to infer the response in these phases and the critical regions from the knowledge of the response functions of the plateau transitions. In particular, this allows us to relate the superfluid stiffness of the superconductor to the polarizability of CFs. As a first step toward a quantitative understanding, we borrow results from the celebrated integer quantum Hall plateau transitions to make quantitative predictions for the critical behavior of the superfluid stiffness, longitudinal and Hall conductivity, and response to out-of-plane magnetic field, all of which agree reasonably well with the experimental observations. Our results provide strong support for anyon superconductivity being the mechanism for the observed superconductor in the vicinity of the ν_{e}=2/3 FQAH insulator.

PMID:41894760 | DOI:10.1103/6bgj-bfdn

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):100601. doi: 10.1103/8gmb-p619.

ABSTRACT

Estimating partition functions of Ising spin glasses is a cornerstone of statistical physics and computational science, yet it remains classically challenging due to its #P-hard complexity. While Jarzynski’s equality offers a theoretical pathway, its practical application is crippled at low temperatures by rare, divergent statistical fluctuations. Here, we introduce a quantum protocol that overcomes this fundamental limitation by synergizing reverse quantum annealing with optimized nonequilibrium initial distributions. Our method dramatically suppresses the estimator variance, achieving saturation in the low-temperature regime where existing methods fail. Numerical benchmarks on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass and the 3-SAT problem demonstrate that our protocol reduces computational scaling exponents by over an order of magnitude (e.g., from ∼8.5 to ∼0.5), despite retaining exponential system-size dependence. Crucially, our protocol circumvents stringent adiabatic constraints, making it feasible for near-term quantum devices like superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and Rydberg atom arrays. This Letter provides a methodological framework for quantum-enhanced estimation in spin glass thermodynamics and beyond by harnessing nonadiabatic quantum dynamics to address a classically difficult problem.

PMID:41894753 | DOI:10.1103/8gmb-p619

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):107101. doi: 10.1103/bbh8-n8dt.

ABSTRACT

The first-passage time (FPT) of a stochastic signal to a threshold is a fundamental observable across physics, biology, and finance. While renewal shot noise is a canonical model for such signals, analytical results for its FPT have remained confined to the Poisson (Markovian) case, even though non-Poisson arrival statistics are common in systems from neuronal spiking to gene expression. Here, we overcome this long-standing limitation by deriving a universal asymptotic formula for the mean FPT ⟨T_{b}⟩ to reach level b for renewal shot noise with arbitrary arrival statistics and exponential marks. Our central result is a simple, closed-form expression that exposes the physical mechanism by which temporal correlations in arrivals modulate the baseline Arrhenius law. We show that bursty arrivals introduce universal scaling corrections that markedly accelerate threshold crossings. In turn, nonbursty arrivals remain Arrhenius-like, directly linking temporal burstiness to Arrhenius scaling. Furthermore, we show and confirm numerically that the full FPT distribution becomes exponential at large thresholds, implying that ⟨T_{b}⟩ provides a complete asymptotic characterization. Our Letter, enabled by a novel exact expression for the moments of the noise, establishes a general framework for analyzing extreme events in non-Markovian systems with relaxation.

PMID:41894747 | DOI:10.1103/bbh8-n8dt

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):59-66. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6560.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) significantly impact quality of life (QoL), healthcare utilization, and work productivity globally, yet data from Indonesia remain limited. This household face-to-face survey study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of DGBI on psychological distress, dietary habits, QoL, and healthcare utilization among the Indonesian population based on Rome IV criteria.

METHODS: A total of 1,339 Indonesian participants from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of DGBI diagnoses in Indonesia was examined, including age- and sex-specific prevalence rates. Additionally, the association of DGBI with psychological distress (somatization, anxiety, depression), QoL, healthcare utilization, and dietary patterns were assessed.

RESULTS: In Indonesia, the overall prevalence of DGBI was 18.2% (95%CI: 16.2-20.4%). Based on anatomical sites, bowel disorders were most prevalent (13.2%; 95%CI: 11.5-15.1%), followed by gastroduodenal disorders (6.0%; 95%CI: 4.9-7.4%), anorectal disorders (2.0%; 95%CI: 1.4-2.9%), and esophageal disorders (1.9%; 95%CI: 1.2-2.7%). Participants with DGBI (n=244) exhibited significantly higher psychological distress, including increased somatization, anxiety, and depression, as well as lower QoL compared to those without DGBI (n=1,095). Additionally, individuals with DGBI demonstrated significantly higher healthcare utilization rates. Dietary patterns also differed markedly in DGBI participants, characterized by significantly higher consumption of milk and pasta and reduced intake of vegetables, legumes, and rice.

CONCLUSIONS: DGBI represents a significant health burden in Indonesia, substantially impacting psychological well-being, dietary behaviors, healthcare resource utilization, and overall QoL, consistent with global trends.

PMID:41894715 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6560

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):77-81. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6680.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established procedure for treatment of biliopancreatic disorders. However, it is associated with a risk of complications, most notably post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Several evidence-based strategies have been shown to reduce this risk. These preventive measures, together with key ERCP quality indicators, are incorporated into international guidelines to enhance procedural safety and facilitate inter-center comparisons. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of Slovak and Czech endoscopists to these recommendations.

METHODS: A voluntary, 20-item cross-sectional survey was conducted among selected ERCP centers in Slovakia and Czechia using a cloud-based platform between January and June 2024.

RESULTS: Twenty-six of 37 ERCP centers (70.3%, 14 from Slovakia and 12 from Czechia) responded to the survey. Post-ERCP pancreatitis and cannulation rates were systematically tracked by 53.8% and 38.5% of centers, respectively, and 42.4% applied objective measures when assessing difficult cannulation. Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were routinely administered to unselected ERCP patients in 53.9% of centers, while 75% of the remaining centers withheld them from patients with a history of ERCP and prior papillotomy. Indomethacin was the only NSAID used. Only 26.9% of centers employed aggressive hydration according to the recommended protocol. Twelve centers (46.2%) placed prophylactic pancreatic stents during difficult cannulation when the pancreatic duct was accessible, whereas six centers (23.1%) reported using pancreatic stents only rarely. No significant differences were observed between Slovak and Czech centers.

CONCLUSIONS: Current monitoring practices of key ERCP quality indicators in Slovakia and Czechia, such as PEP incidence and cannulation outcomes, fall short of recommended standards. Although most centers apply prophylactic measures, these are not used universally. This underscores the importance of implementing mandatory quality monitoring and promoting further standardization and improvement in preventive practice.

PMID:41894708 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6680

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Mar 27;14:e59662. doi: 10.2196/59662.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hematological malignancies are a global health challenge, with a substantial number of deaths each year. Treatment adherence is crucial for improving patient outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies, but resource limitations and logistical challenges hinder optimal outpatient management. Digital health solutions such as the Remote Intelligence for Therapeutic Adherence (RITA) software as a medical device (SaMD) offer potential solutions by facilitating telemedicine visits and supporting patients in managing their treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and safety of RITA SaMD in improving patient adherence to treatment protocols for hematological malignancies.

METHODS: This prospective clinical investigation enrolled patients with hematological malignancies at Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo in Milan, Italy. The RITA SaMD group used the RITA platform, while the control group comprised historical patients. The primary end point was average therapeutic adherence to the prescribed drug treatment, measured as at least the 80% of the relative dose intensity, at month 3. Secondary end points were based on comparisons between the RITA SaMD group and the control group and included the average therapeutic adherence to the prescribed drug treatment at months 1 and 2, number of emergency room visits for minor and severe complications, and the average hospital stay. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of RITA.

RESULTS: Between July and December 2022, 119 patients were included in the analysis (57 in the RITA SaMD group and 62 in the control group). At multivariable analysis, the probability of being adherent to treatment at month 3 in the RITA SaMD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.8; P=.04). A total of 1476 self-reported adverse events (AEs) were collected through RITA SaMD usage, the majority (N=1080) being grade 1 events. During the study visits, 20 AEs were recorded by the study physician (16 in the RITA SaMD group and 4 in the control group). Of the recorded AEs during study visits, 14 were serious AEs (11 in the RITA SaMD group and 3 in the control group). None of the reported AEs was considered related to RITA SaMD usage.

CONCLUSIONS: The MargheRITA clinical investigation showed that after 3 months of using RITA SaMD, patients with hematological malignancies had 3 times higher odds ratio of being adherent to the prescribed treatment than the control group. The use of RITA SaMD facilitated the reporting of AEs, reinforcing the role of mobile health apps and software in optimizing patient outcomes. Further research is needed to fully understand its interdisciplinary potential and long-term impact on patient outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov CTI05260203; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05260203.

PMID:41894682 | DOI:10.2196/59662

JMIR Form Res. 2026 Mar 27;10:e82409. doi: 10.2196/82409.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sustainment of evidence-based programs within dynamic health care environments requires ongoing adaptation to internal and external changes. Yet, strategies to support the sustainment of large-scale programs in heterogeneous settings are understudied. We developed and implemented a 3-phase participatory approach to support the sustainment of GRECC Connect, a 19-site Veterans Health Administration program that uses a hub-and-spoke model to expand rural access to geriatric specialty care.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to describe a novel participatory approach for identifying sustainment strategies for large-scale health care programs in complex environments, using our experience with GRECC Connect as an example to illustrate the application of this approach.

METHODS: We implemented the following 3-phase participatory approach with GRECC Connect team members from 19 hub sites. Phase 1: hub site clinicians and staff completed the Program Sustainment Assessment Tool, a publicly available online self-assessment of sustainability capacity. Phase 2: all sites then participated in a virtual retreat to exchange information, knowledge, and experiences related to sustainment strategies. Phase 3: each site submitted a locally-developed sustainment plan created with input from hub site team members. The sustainment plan worksheet included 3 questions asking respondents to reflect on the value of the participatory approach to sustainment. The process and experience of implementing this approach were also documented in structured meeting notes. Responses to Likert scale questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

RESULTS: Overall, there was a high level of participation across all 19 hub sites. In phase 1, a total of 25 individuals from 14 sites responded to the Program Sustainment Assessment Tool survey; in phase 2, a total of 58 individuals from 19 sites attended the retreat; and in phase 3, a total of 17 site sustainment plans were completed. Three primary sustainment paths were proposed and discussed during the retreat. Sites varied in their confidence to sustain program activities, but were able to articulate several barriers and facilitators specific to their site. The level of specificity in the sustainment plans varied considerably across sites. Most sites reported that this participatory approach was “very useful” (ie, ≥7 on a 10-point Likert scale) for planning their program sustainment.

CONCLUSIONS: This approach offered a framework for sites to learn from one another, anticipate local barriers and facilitators, and move from reflection to identifying next steps for maintaining core program activities. Here, we describe the process used to guide 19 site teams through sustainment activities. We found the process is well-received, with sites reporting that their participation was useful for planning their sustainment journey. In elucidating our process, we provide a blueprint for other programs seeking to support sustainment across heterogeneous health care networks.

PMID:41894680 | DOI:10.2196/82409

JMIR Ment Health. 2026 Mar 27;13:e89355. doi: 10.2196/89355.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since 2020, Medicare Advantage (MA)-related internet searches have tripled, accompanied by increased regional marketing by private insurers. Commercial health insurance dominates the internet during enrollment periods, often outpacing public sources in accessibility. Prior studies suggest that MA advertising significantly shapes enrollment and may fuel choices over traditional Medicare in certain subpopulations. We sought to better understand how health plan marketing strategies affect consumers by using Google Trends data and MA health plan enrollment selection. We applied novel analysis to assess statistical relationships among marketing, internet searches, and enrollment data.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this paper are (1) to establish the validity of Google Trends data as a surrogate measure for consumer MA plan selection by demonstrating stable, repeatable seasonality and domain specificity using control terms such as “car insurance” and “life insurance” at national and Designated Market Area levels; (2) to quantify the congruency between MA search interest and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services enrollment data by testing whether search peaks coincide with or precede enrollment surges nationally within a year; and (3) to assess whether local search intensity aligns with advertising exposure by evaluating search behavior as a potential proxy for marketing impact and consumer engagement.

METHODS: This study is a retrospective Google Trends analysis of consumer search patterns from January 2004 to December 2024, using relative search volume and conducting correlations with MA enrollment. Search data are accessible via the Google Trends website Explore tool or by applying for Google Trends application programming interface alpha access. MA enrollment data originated from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services MA Dashboard. KFF (formerly the Kaiser Family Foundation) provided the medical advertising marketing data.

RESULTS: A consistent, significant correlation between MA advertising and searches on MA exists across US markets, particularly before and during MA enrollment windows. Findings suggest a linkage in user behavior between volume of searches and subsequent enrollment in an MA plan.

CONCLUSIONS: Internet search data can provide an open, near-real-time means of tracking patterns in MA-related search activity across time and geography, offering insight into how consumer interest fluctuates around enrollment periods. Our analysis reveals repeatable patterns in consumer interest over time that may be useful for contextualizing insurance marketing dynamics of consumers choosing commercial MA over traditional Medicare benefits. We also identified a significant correlation of seasonal trends in searches using terms associated with MA plans that peaked during the annual enrollment period (October-December). Improved accessibility to Medicare resources and directed messaging can bridge information gaps for underserved populations and can lead to more cost-effective decision-making by Medicare-eligible beneficiaries.

PMID:41894677 | DOI:10.2196/89355

JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2026 Mar 27;9:e83867. doi: 10.2196/83867.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Saudi Arabia, unintentional injuries among children represent a prevalent and significant public health issue and severe injuries are of the leading indications for hospitalization and impairments.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the pattern of unintentional trauma in children admitted to Abha Maternal and Children Hospital, South region of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: This study was a prospective descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, which was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Abha, Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. This is the central and main hospital in the region but not the only hospital receiving childhood injuries. The study period was from January 2023 to January 2024. Children’s age groups were from 0 to 12 years old. All children in the study were admitted with a diagnosis of unintentional injuries, like RTAs (road traffic accidents), falls, and other home accidents. The study included 104 children and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS (version 27; IBM Corp). Appropriate statistical tests were used for the analysis and all tests were two tailed and probability P≤.05 is considered significant.

RESULTS: The sample size of the study was 104 children. The gender distribution was 35 females (33.7 %) and 69 males (66.3 %). The patients were recruited from 18 cities in the Aseer region. About half of the patients (49%) were aged 6-12 years. Road traffic accidents (RTA) represent the highest percentage of accidents, with 66 (63.5%) children, followed by falls from height with 38 (36.5%) patients. The most significant types of injuries were head and brain injuries 37 (35.6%), followed by chest and lung injuries 12 (11.5%). Most patients (n=62, 59.6%) remained admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for one to three days. Followed by three to seven days (27), then eight to 14 days (14). Head/brain axonal injury is also the most common injury associated with complications, followed by polytrauma.

CONCLUSIONS: Road traffic accidents are a significant cause of death and disability in Saudi Arabia for all age groups. A strong association existed between the PICU admission duration and the outcome (P=.02). Health and community institutes and governments should increase community education about the risks and consequences of RTA, strengthen traffic rules and laws, and punish violators.

PMID:41894658 | DOI:10.2196/83867

JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2026 Mar;10:e2500081. doi: 10.1200/CCI-25-00081. Epub 2026 Mar 27.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Predicting severe adverse events (SAEs) in oncology is challenging because of complex therapies and patient heterogeneity. Traditional pharmacovigilance methods often fail to capture multifactorial risk patterns. Machine learning (ML) offers potential to identify subtle predictors of SAEs within large real-world data sets such as the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). This study developed and validated an ML model to predict severe oncology-related adverse events and identify key risk factors using FAERS data.

METHODS: We analyzed 3,789,273 unique oncology-related FAERS cases (2012Q4-2024Q3) after extensive preprocessing, including natural language processing-based indication filtering, deduplication, and variable standardization. Severe events were defined by outcomes of death, hospitalization, disability, congenital anomaly, or life-threatening condition. A LightGBM model was trained using Optuna-based hyperparameter optimization and benchmarked against logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using AUROC, AUPRC, precision, recall, and F1-score. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis assessed the feature influence and interpretability.

RESULTS: LightGBM outperformed logistic regression (AUROC, 0.806 [95% CI, 0.804 to 0.807] v 0.708 [0.706 to 0.709]; AUPRC, 0.615 [0.611 to 0.617] v 0.454 [0.449 to 0.455]; F1 78.1% v 71.6%). Key predictors of severity included advanced age, higher weight, extensive polypharmacy (median 15 drugs; IQR, 9-27), longer therapy duration (median 6.3 days), and greater numbers of reported reactions (mean 5 per case). SHAP analysis revealed that age, polypharmacy, and therapy duration synergistically increased SAE risk.

CONCLUSION: Our gradient boosting model substantially improved prediction and interpretability of severe oncology adverse events compared with logistic regression. SHAP analysis identified clinically meaningful predictors, enabling precision pharmacovigilance and targeted risk mitigation. These findings support ML integration into regulatory and clinical pharmacovigilance workflows to enhance postmarket safety surveillance.

PMID:41894651 | DOI:10.1200/CCI-25-00081