Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Oral Health. 2022 Sep 5;22(1):383. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02405-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Correctional institution inmates have reduced access to dental care; however, a quantitative assessment of their oral health condition has not yet been performed in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dental caries and compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors between inmates and the general South Korean population.

METHODS: The dental records of two detention centers in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed to assess the clinical oral health condition of inmates using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and self-reported questionnaire. These data were compared with similar data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the general South Korean population.

RESULTS: In total, 642 inmates were analyzed and compared with 13,345 KNHANES participants in the KNHANES. The inmate and KNHANES groups demonstrated significant intergroup differences, with a higher prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, decayed teeth (DT), and missing teeth (MT) values among the inmates. The prevalence of untreated caries decreased according to the history of dental pain in the inmate group but increased in the KNHANES group. The decrease in DMFT with a history of dental pain was significant only in the inmate group. Furthermore, self-rated oral health was significantly associated with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, MT, and filled teeth (FT) in the inmate group but with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, and MT in the KNHANES group. It was found that this is because there is an interaction effect by the group.

CONCLUSIONS: The oral health of the inmate group was significantly poorer than that of the general group. Since DMFT, DT, MT, and FT values and prevalence of untreated caries in the inmate group were significantly related to their self-rated oral health, suggesting that self-rated oral health should be incorporated into the dental health screenings of correctional institution inmates.

PMID:36064674 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-022-02405-w

Vaccine. 2022 Aug 29:S0264-410X(22)01040-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy affects immunization programs worldwide and can impact vaccine coverage and fight against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) too.

OBJECTIVES: Primary objectives: To find out the magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Health Care Worker Parents (HCWPs), the reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and their perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination of their children.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinic-socio-demographic correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWPs.

METHODS: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Health care workers who are parents were invited to participate in the study. Details about COVID vaccination status, COVID-19 illness of HCWPS and family members and its outcomes , reasons for not getting vaccinated, willingness to vaccinate their children, reasons for not willing to vaccinate their children, their responses to vaccine hesitancy survey (VHS) questionnaire and Modified Oxford COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale (MOVHS) were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: A total of 269 HCWPs participated in the study. Of the HCWPs, 97% had completed their COVID-19 vaccination schedule. Majority stated that they would vaccinate their children when it is available. Although majority of the responses were positive or towards agreement, there were some striking variations in the responses among some sections of HCWPs. Positive responses to the questionnaire were associated with higher self-vaccination and a decision to vaccinate their children.

CONCLUSION: Vaccine hesitancy was less common among HCWPs in our study. A section of the HCWPs might be disproportionately more hesitant than others. Majority were in favor of vaccinating their children.

PMID:36064669 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.051

Clin Radiol. 2022 Sep 2:S0009-9260(22)00356-7. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.06.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the impact on specialty trainee (ST) experience of out-of-hours (OOH) working, focusing on what might be improved with both patient safety and staff wellbeing in mind.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The number of acute computed tomography (CT) examinations reported OOH over the last 15 years (2007-2021) at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust was analysed. Qualitative data from the radiology STs participating in the acute OOH rotas were obtained using questionnaires during winter months in 2019 and 2021, before and after the introduction of an OOH CT outsourcing service in 2020.

RESULTS: Overnight acute CT has increased over 10-fold over the last decade to almost 50 CT examinations in 2021, and similar increases were observed during evening and weekend shifts. The option to outsource acute CT on an ad hoc basis was introduced in 2020 to manage the increase in demand. This resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the STs’ level of reported satisfaction for OOH shifts (p<0.018), despite significantly increased perception of how busy the shifts were (p<0.035).

CONCLUSION: OOH acute CT reporting at Oxford NHS Foundation Trust has increased dramatically over the previous 15 years. Working patterns and resources have changed incrementally to absorb this increase in demand, most recently with the option for outsourcing at times of peak demand. The trend for increasing OOH CT demand has considerable implications for future resource planning.

PMID:36064658 | DOI:10.1016/j.crad.2022.06.023

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022 Aug 28:S0748-7983(22)00630-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.08.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the tumor burden of peritoneal metastases (PM) in China, and to guide the construction of professional PM treatment centers in China.

METHODS: Based on the cancer statistics by the National Cancer Center of China published in 2016, the prevalence of PM in 2020 was calculated according to the population statistics in China and the survival and mortality rates of various PM.

RESULTS: The prevalence rates of PM in China were as follows: gastric cancer PM 371.0/million, absolute number 523,937; colorectal cancer PM 47.1/million, absolute number 66,482; ovarian cancer PM 97.1/million, absolute number 137,083; pseudomyxoma peritonei 25.1/million, absolute number 35,425; malignant peritoneal mesothelioma 2.6/million, absolute number 3737; the above total was 766,664. According to the annual high-quality treatment volume of 365 cases in each professional PM treatment center, China needs to establish 1194 specialized PM treatment centers. At present, there are 1580 tertiary first-class hospitals in China. Therefore, for every 3 first-class tertiary hospitals in China there should be at least 2 PM treatment centers in full operation.

CONCLUSIONS: Considering the large number of PM patients in China and the relatively small number of professional PM treatment centers, more resources should be devoted to the promotion and construction of PM treatment centers.

PMID:36064631 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2022.08.023

Rev Med Interne. 2022 Sep 2:S0248-8663(22)00633-6. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.08.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Infections commonly occur terminally ill oldest patients in palliative care and questioned about antimicrobial use. The aim of this study was to describe practitioners’ habits.

METHOD: ancillary study on antibiotic modalities according to the setting of care from a national practices survey based on self administered questionnaire sent by e-mail in 2017.

RESULTS: 220 practitioners/327 used antibiotic, 136 worked in hospital department (52 geriatricians), 20 nursing home and 64 general practitioners (GP). GP declared less palliative care patients (6/year). The antibiotic goal was symptomatic relief for 181 (82.3%) without statistically significant difference between groups. GP (25%) were the group that most collected patient opinion for antibiotic prescription. Nursing home (23%) and GP (18%) reported more urinary tract symptoms than others (11.7%) (P=0.003). Geriatricians (59.6%) declared significantly less urinary analysis than GP (90%) (P=0.0009). 212 doctor (96.4%) faced side effect (SI): more allergic reaction and less administration difficulties than the other groups. The stop decision was collegially took (156, 70,9%) significantly more in hospital (121, 89%) than in community (25, 39.1%) (P<0.001). Patient wishes were noted by 30 (46.96%) only GP.

CONCLUSION: Even if practice and number of patients follow up differ from each place of care, doctors’ intention in antibiotic use respect palliative care goal to relieve discomfort. It is hard to diagnose infection and complementary exam are scarce. A repeated individualized evaluation with patient, his surrounding and his medical referent participation, is mandatory to give a constant adapted level of care in every place of care.

PMID:36064626 | DOI:10.1016/j.revmed.2022.08.011

Rev Environ Health. 2022 Sep 6. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The association between noise exposure and increased risk of cancer has received little attention in the field of research. Therefore, the goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the relationship between noise exposure and the incidence of cancer in humans. In this study, four electronic bibliographic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to 21 April 2022. All types of noise exposure were considered, including environmental noise, occupational noise, and leisure or recreational noise. Furthermore, all types of cancers were studied, regardless of the organs involved. In total, 1836 articles were excluded on the basis of containing exclusion criteria or lacking inclusion criteria, leaving 19 articles retained for this study. Five of nine case-control studies showed a significant relationship between occupational or leisure noise exposure and acoustic neuroma. Moreover, four of five case-control and cohort studies indicated statistically significant relationships between environmental noise exposure and breast cancer. Of other cancer types, two case-control studies highlighted the risk of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and two cohort studies identified an increased risk of colon cancer associated with environmental noise exposure. No relationship between road traffic and railway noise and the risk of prostate cancer was observed. In total, results showed that noise exposure, particularly prolonged and continuous exposure to loud noise, can lead to the incidence of some cancers. However, confirmation of this requires further epidemiological studies and exploration of the exact biological mechanism and pathway for these effects.

PMID:36064622 | DOI:10.1515/reveh-2022-0021

Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 5;11(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-02053-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the exponential growth of published systematic reviews (SR), there is a high potential for overlapping and redundant duplication of work. Prospective protocol registration gives the opportunity to assess the added value of a new study or review, thereby potentially reducing research waste and simultaneously increasing transparency and research quality. The PROSPERO database for SR protocol registration was launched 10 years ago. This study aims to assess the proportion SRs of intervention studies with a protocol registration (or publication) and explore associations of SR characteristics with protocol registration status.

METHODS: PubMed was searched for SRs of human intervention studies published in January 2020 and January 2021. After random-stratified sampling and eligibility screening, data extraction on publication and journal characteristics, and protocol registration status, was performed. Both descriptive and multivariable comparative statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 357 SRs (2020: n = 163; 2021: n = 194) were included from a random sample of 1267 publications. Of the published SRs, 38% had a protocol. SRs that reported using PRISMA as a reporting guideline had higher odds of having a protocol than publications that did not report PRISMA (OR 2.71; 95% CI: 1.21 to 6.09). SRs with a higher journal impact factor had higher odds of having a protocol (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25). Publications from Asia had a lower odds of having a protocol (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.80, reference category = Europe). Of the 33 SRs published in journals that endorse PROSPERO, 45% did not have a protocol. Most SR protocols were registered in PROSPERO (n = 129; 96%).

CONCLUSIONS: We found that 38% of recently published SRs of interventions reported a registered or published protocol. Protocol registration was significantly associated with a higher impact factor of the journal publishing the SR and a more frequent self-reported use of the PRISMA guidelines. In some parts of the world, SR protocols are more often registered or published than others. To guide strategies to increase the uptake of SR protocol registration, further research is needed to gain understanding of the benefits and informativeness of SRs protocols among different stakeholders.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: osf.io/9kj7r/.

PMID:36064610 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-022-02053-9

Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2022 Sep 5;17(1):339. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02486-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficient activity of enzymes responsible for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), resulting in progressive damage to various tissues and organs. Affected individuals present with skeletal deformities, bone growth impairment, joint stiffness and frequently mental retardation.

RESULTS: The objective of the study was to summarise over 30 years of observations of the growth dynamics in patients with different types of MPS, performed at the Children’s Memorial Health Institute (CMHI, Warsaw, Poland). A retrospective analysis of anthropometric data collected from 1989 to 2020 was performed for 195 patients with MPS I, MPS II, MPS III, MPS IVA and MPS VI. Mean values for birth body length were statistically significantly greater than in the general population. The mean z-scores for other MPS groups showed that until the 24th month of life, the growth pattern for all patients was similar, and the average z-scores for body height were greater than in reference charts. Afterwards, growth patterns began to differentiate for MPS groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow up showed that the growth pattern in patients with all types of mucopolysaccharidoses significantly deviates from the general population. Patients with MPS IVA had the most severe growth impairments compared to other patients in the study group. Neuropathic MPS I and II demonstrated severe growth impairments compared to other patients in this study. Patients with MPS III showed the mildest growth impairments compared to other MPS patients and reached the 3rd percentile last.

PMID:36064607 | DOI:10.1186/s13023-022-02486-4

Nat Med. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02000-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cardiac symptoms are increasingly recognized as late complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in previously well individuals with mild initial illness, but the underlying pathophysiology leading to long-term cardiac symptoms remains unclear. In this study, we conducted serial cardiac assessments in a selected population of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with no previous cardiac disease or notable comorbidities by measuring blood biomarkers of heart injury or dysfunction and by performing magnetic resonance imaging. Baseline measurements from 346 individuals with COVID-19 (52% females) were obtained at a median of 109 days (interquartile range (IQR), 77-177 days) after infection, when 73% of participants reported cardiac symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea (62%), palpitations (28%), atypical chest pain (27%) and syncope (3%). Symptomatic individuals had higher heart rates and higher imaging values or contrast agent accumulation, denoting inflammatory cardiac involvement, compared to asymptomatic individuals. Structural heart disease or high levels of biomarkers of cardiac injury or dysfunction were rare in symptomatic individuals. At follow-up (329 days (IQR, 274-383 days) after infection), 57% of participants had persistent cardiac symptoms. Diffuse myocardial edema was more pronounced in participants who remained symptomatic at follow-up as compared to those who improved. Female gender and diffuse myocardial involvement on baseline imaging independently predicted the presence of cardiac symptoms at follow-up. Ongoing inflammatory cardiac involvement may, at least in part, explain the lingering cardiac symptoms in previously well individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness.

PMID:36064600 | DOI:10.1038/s41591-022-02000-0

Trials. 2022 Sep 5;23(1):745. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06695-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are typical risk factors for the increased prevalence and incidence of gout. The existing guidelines unequivocally indicated that exercise is highly advantageous for patients with gout. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of specific guidance and clinical evidence. The effects of exercise on improving gout, and the optimal frequency, timing, and types of exercise have not been fully clarified. The present trial aims to determine the effects of a specific aerobic exercise program on body composition in overweight and obese patients with gout.

METHODS: In this randomized, open-labeled, controlled trial, a total of 60 overweight and obese patients with gout [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m²; age,18-55 years old] are equally randomized (1:1) into two groups (n = 30): moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group (MIAEG), heart rate reserve (HRR) = [(HRmax-HRrest) × 60% intensity] + HRrest, and control group (CG). The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training program will be conducted for 30-40 min/session and 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Participants in the CG will be asked to avoid making changes in their exercise habits. There will be no limitation in the type of exercise. The primary outcome is the number of patients whose body fat is reduced after 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes include the changes in BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), insulin resistance index (IRI), serum uric acid (sUA), serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic steatosis, and adverse effects after 12 weeks. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to compare the mean values of normally distributed variables between MIAEG and GC.

DISCUSSION: The effect and optimal frequency of exercise for improving the status of overweight and obese patients with gout have not yet been determined. We design a 12-week randomized controlled trial and evaluate the effects of individualized aerobic exercise program on patients with gout. The results may assist such patients with a personalized scientific exercise program based on the disease status and motor abilities, so that patients are prone to exercise under the condition of low risk and achieve the greatest benefits.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200062153. Registered on July 25, 2022, with ChiCTR. http://www.chictr.org.cn/.

PMID:36064594 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-022-06695-x