Tag: nevin manimala

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 15;36(4):425-430. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202109064.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report a new offset parameter for total hip arthroplasty (THA)-greater trochanter offset (GTO), and analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of this parameter based on clinical data.

METHODS: The 47 patients who met the selection criteria and admitted between January 2016 and May 2020 were selected as the research object. The global offset (GO) was used as the offset parameter in preoperative design. Firstly, the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of GTO were analyzed based on pelvic X-ray films. The GTO reconstruction was defined as the difference between the operative side and the healthy side within ±5 mm, and 47 patients were divided into the reconstruction group and the non-reconstruction group. General data (age, gender, type and side of fracture, the interval between injury and operation), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Harris score, gait score, and leg length discrepancy (LLD) were recorded and compared between two groups. Then, the GTO was used as the offset parameter in preoperative design of 21 patients (GTO group) admitted between June 2020 and December 2020. The pre- and post-operative clinical data were compared between GTO group and GO group to explore the feasibility of GTO for THA.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that GTO had good test-retest reliability (P<0.001) and inter-rater reliability (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in gender, age, type and side of fracture, the interval between injury and operation, preoperative VAS score, and LLD at 1 year after operation between the GTO reconstruction group and the non-reconstruction group, as well as between the GO and GTO groups (P>0.05). The Harris score and gait score at 1 year after operation, and difference of VAS score between pre- and post- operation in the reconstruction group and GTO group were significantly better than those in the non-reconstruction group and GO group, respectively (P<0.05). There were 23 cases (48.9%) in the GO group and 19 cases (90.5%) in the GTO group with GTO reconstruction, and the difference was significant (χ²=10.606, P=0.001). There were 25 cases (53.2%) in the GO group and 13 cases (61.9%) in the GTO group with GO reconstruction, and the difference was not significant (χ²=0.447, P=0.504). There were 34 cases (72.3%) in the GO group and 19 cases (90.5%) in the GTO group with LLD reconstruction, and the difference was not significant (χ²=2.777, P=0.096).

CONCLUSION: GTO has reliable test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. GTO as a parameter of preoperative offset reconstruction plan of THA can obtain good reconstruction of offset and limb length, and obtain a good effectiveness.

PMID:35426281 | DOI:10.7507/1002-1892.202109064

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Apr 15. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14992. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Effective anti-aging treatments are an unmet consumer need.

AIM: Ex vivo and clinical tests have evaluated the efficacy of a topical facial serum containing a proprietary blend of neuropeptides, proteins, amino acids, and marine extracts on aged skin.

METHODS: In the ex vivo study the facial serum was compared to a commercially marketed face serum and to an untreated control on skin explants using microrelief, smoothness, and epidermal thickness endpoints. The 12 week monadic clinical study was designed for the test product to be used on the whole face. Subjects functioned as their own control; evaluating change from baseline. Skin was evaluated clinically by a Dermatologist for tolerability and for efficacy. Also part of the product assessment was skin hydration measurements, imaging and a subject questionnaire.

RESULTS: The facial serum improved skin condition by significant reductions in skin surface area occupied by microfolds and in skin roughness. Additionally, it increased epidermal thickness as compared to the untreated control as well as the commercially marketed face serum. The facial serum provided a statistically increased skin moisturization compared to pretreatment values. Dermatological evaluation of the skin concluded that there were statistically and clinically significant improvements in skin smoothness, wrinkles severity, fine lines visibility and lifting and tightening effects at crow’s feet area, forehead and upper lip.

CONCLUSION: A facial serum, containing a proprietary blend of neuropeptides, proteins, amino acids, and marine extracts, has been shown to improve the overall quality of aged skin in a series of ex vivo and clinical tests.

PMID:35426243 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14992

Res Synth Methods. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1560. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In meta-analysis, effect sizes often need to be converted into a common metric. For this purpose conversion formulas have been constructed; some are exact, others are approximations whose accuracy has not yet been systematically tested. We performed Monte Carlo simulations where samples with pre-specified population correlations between the x and y-variables were drawn from a normally distributed population. A number of commonly used effect size measures and statistics were calculated from each sample. Using several available conversion formula these statistics were converted into Pearson r and Cohen’s d and compared to r and d calculated directly from the original data. Converted values were systematically lower than the directly calculated values. While conversions to d were quite accurate, some of the conversions to r resulted in large biases. These systematic errors can in most cases be adjusted for by simply multiplying the converted values with a corresponding correction factor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35426259 | DOI:10.1002/jrsm.1560

Int J Older People Nurs. 2022 Apr 15:e12467. doi: 10.1111/opn.12467. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fear of falling affects older people physically and psychosocially, causing a decrease in their daily activities.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fear of falling (FoF) in hospitalised older people and their difficulty in adapting to old age, quality of life, anxiety, depression and other associated factors.

METHODS: This descriptive correlational study was carried out in a university hospital. The sample consisted of 409 hospitalised older patients. The data were collected using the Falls Efficacy Scale International, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly (ASADE) and the Adaptation of Quality of Life Scale in Older People (CASP-19).

RESULTS: It was found that 74.1% of the older people were found to have high FoF. Five models were created to determine the predictors of FoF, of which Model 5 explained 61% of the total variance (F = 42.455, p = .000). Among the independent variables included in Model 5, being a woman (β = -086, 95% CI -3.5 to -0.52, p = .008), having a chronic disease (β = .293, 95% CI 6.3-10.01, p < .001), using a walking aid (β = .152, 95% CI 1.74-5.49, p < .001), CASP-19 autonomy-satisfaction perception (β = -.242, 95% CI 0.33-0.08, p < .001), CASP-19 disability perception (β = -.111, 95% CI 0.58-1.22, p < .001) and the ASADE role and self-actualisation mode (β = .361, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.08, p < .001) were found to be statistically significant predictors of FoF.

CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of hospitalised older people tend to have a fear of falling. Being a woman, having a chronic disease, using a walking aid as well as quality of life and difficulty in adapting to old age are the predictors of FoF.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses should evaluate the associated psychosocial components in order to reduce the fear of falling among hospitalised older people.

PMID:35426238 | DOI:10.1111/opn.12467

Dermatol Ther. 2022 Apr 14:e15513. doi: 10.1111/dth.15513. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of onychomycosis increases in patients with psoriasis and that psoriasis predisposes to onychomycosis.

OBJECTIVES: It was aimed to determine the frequency of onychomycosis and responsible pathogens in patients with psoriasis, to reveal their differences compared to the population without psoriasis, and to determine the factors in this study.

METHODS: The study included 81 patients with nail disorder diagnosed with psoriasis. Clinical findings, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), nail psoriasis severity index (NAPSI) scores, body mass indexes (BMI) and laboratory characteristics were recorded. Mycological examination by direct microscopy and fungal culture was performed both on nails that were considered onychomycosis and on nails with any of the psoriatic nail findings.

RESULTS: The prevalence of onychomycosis was 27.2% in psoriasis patients. Nail involvement of psoriasis was found in 31.3% of the patients using biologic agents, 5.9% of those receiving conventional treatment, and 31.3% of those receiving topical treatment and 68.8% of the patients who did not receive treatment at all. The difference between the patients who did not receive treatment and those who received conventional treatment was significant (p<0.05). There was growth in the fungal culture in 23.5% of the patients with psoriasis. There was no statistically significant relationship between onychomycosis and PASI, NAPSI score and BMI (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Since the prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriasis patients receiving conventional and anti-TNF-α therapy is higher than in patients not receiving treatment, nail changes in these patients should be evaluated in more detail for the presence of onychomycosis. In addition, since more than one fungal agent can grow and non-dermatophyte molds are seen more frequently in patients with psoriasis, it should be taken into account that native and fungal culture examinations should be performed together.

PMID:35426221 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15513

J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.1111/jpm.12832. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Participating in physical activity has many benefits, yet those with severe mental illness (SMI) living in forensic settings are less likely to be active, and more likely to experience ill-health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of physical activity programmes on mental and physical health and specifically on reducing symptoms of SMI in forensic settings.

METHOD: A systematic search of six databases was conducted, in addition to a grey literature search. Studies were included if they: had participants with SMI; were based in a forensic setting; involved a physical activity programme; and reported physical and mental health outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 112 participants were included in four studies. One study showed a significant improvement in negative symptom scores in the exercise group compared to a treatment as usual group. Two studies reported improvements in psychiatric symptoms with no significant difference between groups, however, statistically significant changes in weight and waist circumference were evident (p <0.001). No adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSION: Only a small number of studies were included and of limited design and quality, with no follow-up assessments, therefore more research is needed to determine the true effects of physical activity for improving SMI symptoms in a forensic setting. This review highlights the need for further studies exploring the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in secure forensic settings. Studies are required that include a more thorough research design. Furthermore, interventions if designed with patients and caring staff in mind may lead to lowered psychiatric symptoms and increased physical health benefits for all in forensic settings.

PMID:35426209 | DOI:10.1111/jpm.12832

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Apr 15. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myocardial first-pass perfusion (FPP) imaging is a useful cardiac MRI method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, conventional 2D multislice FPP acquisitions usually have gaps between myocardium slices, which limits the overall assessment of myocardial ischemia.

PURPOSE: To increase the anatomic coverage of myocardial FPP imaging at 3 T by implementing both autocalibrated multiband (MB) acquisition and k-t space acceleration with compress sensing (CS) reconstruction, without the need for additional reference scans.

STUDY TYPE: Phantom and prospective human studies.

PHANTOM/SUBJECTS: A T1MES (T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization in cardiovascular magnetic resonance) phantom and 20 subjects (12 healthy subjects and 8 patients, 10 males, age 42 ± 16 years).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3 T/saturation recovery prepared gradient echo sequence with contrast administration.

ASSESSMENT: Phantom experiments were performed to compare the performance of autocalibrated MB-FPP with k-t acceleration using slice-GRAPPA and CS reconstructions. In vivo experiments were performed to compare the performance of conventional FPP (2.5× acceleration) with autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP (6× acceleration). In phantom experiments, the error maps were calculated. In in vivo experiments, the contrast ratio (CR) and blurring were quantitatively measured, while image quality, perceived signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and artifact level were qualitatively graded by three cardiologists on a 4-point scale.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In phantom experiments, residual artifact was reduced using the MB + CS-FPP reconstruction method compared with using the MB + slice-GRAPPA reconstruction method. In in vivo experiments, the proposed autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP method demonstrated significantly higher CR (3.52 ± 0.78 vs 2.91 ± 0.81) and had significantly better perceived SNR (2.69 ± 0.29 vs 2.48 ± 0.31) compared to the conventional sequence. Compared with conventional FPP, MB + CS-FPP doubled the spatial coverage (MB + CS-FPP vs conventional FPP) without compromising the image quality (2.69 ± 0.26 vs 2.60 ± 0.30) or increasing the artifact level (2.60 ± 0.26 vs 2.52 ± 0.31).

CONCLUSION: Autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP improved the myocardial coverage and achieved comparable image quality with the same spatial resolution and scan time as conventional FPP and is a promising technique for clinical myocardial perfusion imaging.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

PMID:35426192 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28193

J Environ Qual. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20349. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In the U.S. Corn Belt, annual croplands are the primary source of nitrate loading to waterways. Long periods of fallow cause most nitrate loss but there is extreme interannual variability in the magnitude of nitrate loss due to weather. Using mean annual (2001-2018) flow-weighted nitrate-N concentration (mg NO₃^– -N L^-1 ; FWNC), load (kg NO₃^– -N), and yield (kg NO₃^– -N ha^-1 cropland) for 29 watersheds, our objectives were: 1) quantify the magnitude and interannual variability of 5-year moving average FWNC, load, and yield; 2) estimate the probability of measuring 41% reductions in nitrate loss after isolating the effect of weather on nitrate loss by quantifying the interannual variability of nitrate loss in watersheds where there was no trend in 5-year moving average nitrate loss (Iowa targets a 41% nitrate loss reduction from croplands); and 3) identify factors that, in the absence of long-term trends in nitrate loss, best explain the interannual variability in nitrate loss. Averaged across all watersheds, the mean probability of measuring a statistically significant 41% reduction in FWNC across 15 years should it occur was 96%. However, the probabilities of measuring 41% reductions in nitrate load and yield were only 44%, and 32%. Across watersheds, soil organic matter, tile drainage, interannual variability of precipitation, and watershed area accounted for interannual variability in these nitrate loss indices. Our results have important implications for setting realistic timelines to measure nitrate loss reductions against the background of interannual weather variation and can help to target monitoring intensity across diverse watersheds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35426153 | DOI:10.1002/jeq2.20349

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2592. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Use of hypnotics is often associated with next-morning residual effects and a higher risk of motor vehicle accidents. Measuring next-morning effects on driving performance is therefore advised by regulatory agencies. Here, we examined driving performance following administration of daridorexant, a new dual orexin receptor antagonist developed to treat insomnia. Sixty healthy male and female subjects (50 to 79 years of age) were randomized in a placebo- and active-controlled, 4-way cross-over study. Each subject received evening administration of daridorexant 50 and 100 mg, zopiclone 7.5 mg, and placebo, in separate treatment phases of four days. Simulated driving performance was assessed after initial (Day 2) and repeated dosing (Day 5), 9 h post-dose. Standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP) was the main outcome. On both days, with zopiclone, SDLP increased significantly compared to placebo, which confirmed sensitivity of the simulator. With daridorexant, on Day 2, the placebo-corrected mean (97.5% CI) SDLP increased by 2.19 cm (0.46, 3.93) and 4.43 cm (2.72, 6.15) for 50 and 100 mg, respectively. On Day 5, SDLP values for both daridorexant doses were significantly below the pre-specified threshold of impairment (2.6 cm) and statistically not different from placebo. Daridorexant showed a lower self-rated driving quality and higher effort compared to placebo on Day 2 but not on Day 5. In non-insomnia subjects, daridorexant impaired simulated driving after initial but not after repeated dosing. Subjects should be cautioned about driving until they know how daridorexant affects them.

PMID:35426136 | DOI:10.1002/cpt.2592

J Med Virol. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27781. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The risk of herpes zoster (HZ) increases as cell-mediated immunity declines with age. Even though oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of HZ, there are few serum biomarkers of the disease’s antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood levels of major antioxidants in HZ patients. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study on this issue in the literature.

METHODS: The serum levels of antioxidants including uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBİL), and albumin (ALB), vitamin D levels, and inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was retrospectively analyzed in 53 patients with HZ and 53 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The relationships between these markers and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and the clinical severity of HZ were also evaluated.

RESULTS: Serum levels of UA, TBIL, and ALB in patients with HZ were significantly lower than those in the HCs (P<0.001), while no statistical differences were found in vitamin D levels between the groups. Hcy and CRP levels were significantly increased in HZ patients compared to HCs. Significant differences were observed in the serum levels of UA, Hcy, CRP, and vitamin D in the PHN group versus the non-PHN group (P<0.001). The presence of inflammatory markers was found to be positively related to disease activity. Furthermore, when compared to the mild or moderate clinical types of HZ, these biomarkers were statistically significant in the severe clinical type.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that uncontrolled VZV reactivation, acute nerve damage, and PHN may all be associated with low antioxidant levels. These biomarkers may be a protective factor for HZ, but more research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35426146 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.27781