Tag: nevin manimala

Am J Lifestyle Med. 2026 May 31:15598276261449749. doi: 10.1177/15598276261449749. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease globally, with increasing prevalence among adults. Despite its growing burden, limited research has examined the influence of psychosocial factors, including unhealthy behavior on NAFLD in the USA. Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Descriptive statistics, stratified prevalence estimates, and Poisson regression models were used to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations. The results showed that among 5804 eligible participants, the overall prevalence of NAFLD was 42%. Higher prevalence was observed among males (48%), individuals with obesity (37%), those reporting unhealthy behaviors (48%), and those with depressive disorders (47%). In adjusted models, unhealthy behavior (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.22-1.49; P < 0.001) and depression (PR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22; P = 0.005) were independently associated with an increased prevalence of NAFLD among young US adults and is independently associated with modifiable behavioral and psychological factors. These findings underscore the need for integrated public health strategies as well as nutritional interventions that could address lifestyle behaviors and mental health to mitigate the burden of NAFLD in this population.

PMID:42233096 | PMC:PMC13223074 | DOI:10.1177/15598276261449749

Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2026 May 14;31:100707. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100707. eCollection 2026 May.

ABSTRACT

Current chemical exposures studies characterise chemical risk through mean-based concentrations, treating individual-level variability as statistical noise. However, this variability may carry structured ecological information that mean-based approaches systematically overlook. Here, we propose that individual per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure variability constitutes a structured ecological signal, shaped by habitat use across oceanographic gradients and individual foraging behaviour, one that mean-based approaches are not designed to capture. To test the variability-as-signal hypothesis, we integrated two independent indices of individual stability using two sympatric guillemot species (Uria aalge, n = 67 and Uria lomvia, n = 45) sampled across five Icelandic colonies during the 2018 breeding season. We paired PFAS variability scores, derived from plasma PFAS concentrations, with isotopic consistency scores derived from dual-tissue stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in plasma and red blood cells). These consistency scores represent individual foraging stability across the breeding season, enabling a reconstruction of foraging histories and oceanographic habitat use. Our results reveal that PFAS variability is highly structured by compound class, dominated by long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs; 79% of variance) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 13%). Cluster analysis identified two main divergent exposure states: constrained PFOS variability versus constrained PFCA variability. Bivariate segmented regression revealed a hierarchical structure to contaminant acquisition: oceanographic regime (proxied by δ¹³C_consist) functioned as the primary driver, with PFOS variability intensifying in Atlantic-influenced waters. Within these regimes, trophic sources (proxied by δ¹⁵N_consist) emerged as a secondary, conditional modulator, specifically constraining PFCA variability among high-trophic individuals. At the colony scale, fine-scale niche partitioning, such as vertical foraging strategies and individual specialisation using glacial fjords and ice margins, produced compound-specific patterns that diverged from regional hierarchies. As climate change continues to redistribute Arctic and Atlantic water masses and reshape the food web structures, approaches that treat contaminant variability as ecological signal will be increasingly valuable for anticipating exposure regime shifts.

PMID:42233095 | PMC:PMC13223959 | DOI:10.1016/j.ese.2026.100707

Front Psychol. 2026 May 18;17:1843623. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1843623. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In an increasingly interconnected and contextually fluid digital era, this study investigates how Metalinguistic Awareness (MAS) relates to Cross-Contextual Communication Effectiveness (CCC), framed from an instructional intervention design perspective.

METHODS: A quantitative survey was conducted among 709 participants using validated MAS and CCC scales to explore the correlations and predictive power of various language domains.

RESULTS: The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.739, p < 0.001) between the two constructs. Multiple regression analysis further showed that the six dimensions of MAS collectively account for 59.1%of the variance in CCC. Critically, higher-order dimensions emerged as the strongest statistical predictors: pragmatic awareness (β = 0.231), reflective awareness (β = 0.215), and discourse awareness (β = 0.176). Additionally, extensive cross-cultural experience was significantly associated with higher levels of both MAS and CCC.

DISCUSSION: The research empirically suggests that higher-order metalinguistic awareness is a key cognitive correlate of effective communication. To genuinely empower learners, language pedagogy should consider shifting from traditional formalism toward an integrated paradigm centered on fostering pragmatic, discourse, and reflective awareness through authentic, practice-based methods.

PMID:42233082 | PMC:PMC13223158 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1843623

Front Psychol. 2026 May 18;17:1757864. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1757864. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have shown that consonants play a more crucial role than vowels in lexical recognition and learning, a phenomenon known as the C-Bias or C-advantage. While traditionally considered universal, recent findings suggest it may depend on language-specific phonotactic properties. This study examines whether the C-Bias is modulated by phonotactic constraints in Spanish, where vowels may have a discriminative advantage due to their distinctiveness.

METHODS: Seventy-seven native Spanish-speaking university students completed a Cross-Situational Word Learning task with pseudowords in two syllabic structures: monosyllabic (CVC) and disyllabic (CVCV).

RESULTS: The results revealed a vowel bias in monosyllabic pseudowords and a partial consonant bias in disyllabic pseudowords.

DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that phonotactic structure shapes the relative salience of consonants and vowels in lexical processing, challenging the assumption of a universal C-Bias. This study highlights the role of language-specific phonological constraints in word learning and suggests that phonological processing is more flexible than previously assumed.

PMID:42233081 | PMC:PMC13223176 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1757864

Front Psychol. 2026 May 18;17:1837689. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1837689. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

The expansion of social media as a dominant infrastructure of social interaction has raised important questions regarding its impact on cognitive, emotional, and identity-related processes. While prior research has predominantly relied on exposure-based models, increasing attention is directed toward the ways through which digitally mediated environments influence psychological functioning. At the same time, emerging interdisciplinary frameworks in neurolaw and neurorights highlight concerns related to mental integrity, cognitive liberty, and mental privacy, emphasizing the need to understand how algorithmically structured environments interact with internal psychological processes. The present study examines the psychological ways linking social media addiction to academic performance and psychological flourishing, while providing an empirically grounded perspective relevant to digital governance. A cross-sectional sample of 940 participants (aged 18-72 years; M = 31.00, SD = 11.35) completed validated measures of social media addiction, affectivity, authenticity, self-image, academic performance, and flourishing. A path analysis with observed composite scores was used to test a mediation model. Results indicate that social media addiction, distinct from general usage, was associated with higher negative affect, lower positive affect, and lower authenticity. These associations were statistically mediated through self-image in a cross-sectional covariance model, with self-image emerging as the strongest indirect pathway linking compulsive digital engagement to lower academic performance and reduced psychological flourishing. Among the mediating variables, authenticity represented the strongest indirect association, followed by affective processes, whereas non-compulsive use showed no significant associations. These findings support a mechanism-based model in which the impact of social media operates through affective dysregulation and identity-related processes rather than direct exposure. From an interpretative perspective, the results are conceptually consistent with concerns raised in neurorights discourse regarding cognitive autonomy and mental integrity. These findings should be understood as psychological correlates that may be relevant to such debates; they do not constitute direct evidence of rights violations or neuropsychological harm, and no neurocognitive variables were assessed in this study. Overall, the study contributes to a more precise understanding of digital behavior by integrating psychological statistical mediators with broader frameworks of digital governance and provides a foundation for interventions targeting internal processes while preserving fundamental freedoms such as expression and privacy.

PMID:42233075 | PMC:PMC13223112 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1837689

Can J Anaesth. 2026 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s12630-026-03124-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the ex vivo effects of various intravenous anesthetic drugs on the contractility of gravid human myometrium. We hypothesized that these drugs would cause a concentration-dependent decrease in spontaneous uterine contractility and oxytocin coadministration would modify their contractile response.

METHODS: We conducted an ex vivo laboratory study with individual myometrial strips obtained from patients undergoing elective Cesarean delivery. We subjected the myometrial strips to concentration-response testing in organ bath chambers with intravenous agents-propofol, etomidate, and ketamine, with or without oxytocin-in a pattern of 0.5 log molar increase from 10^-7 M to 10^-4 M. The control group received oxytocin alone without any study drug. We recorded contractility parameters, and the primary outcome was the motility index (amplitude × frequency).

RESULTS: The motility index with each study drug decreased with increasing concentrations. The overall motility index (estimated mean difference [95% confidence interval]) with etomidate (-6% [-77 to -13]; n = 29; P = 0.007) and ketamine (-66% [-82 to -35]; n = 29; P < 0.001) was significantly lower than that of the oxytocin control group, while the difference between propofol and oxytocin was not statistically significant (-38% [-70 to 29]; n = 25; P = 0.47). The addition of oxytocin reversed contractility decreases induced by all anesthetic drugs, with no significant differences observed between the study drug + oxytocin and oxytocin control groups. Nevertheless, when compared with a study drug alone, the addition of oxytocin significantly increased the strength of contraction (area under the curve) of etomidate (207% [30 to 624]; n = 27; P = 0.002) and ketamine (234% [95 to 471]; n = 27; P < 0.001) but not of propofol.

CONCLUSIONS: All the studied intravenous anesthetic drugs produced a concentration-dependent decrease in uterine contractility; nevertheless, the addition of oxytocin reversed this effect and increased contractility. Coadministration with oxytocin of etomidate and ketamine, but not propofol, resulted in a significant increase in myometrial contractility.

PMID:42231013 | DOI:10.1007/s12630-026-03124-4

J Robot Surg. 2026 Jun 3;20(1):575. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03537-9.

ABSTRACT

Robotic-assisted hysterectomy is widely performed, yet device-related malfunctions and their impact on patient safety remain incompletely characterized. This study evaluates device-specific malfunctions and associated patient harm across Da Vinci system generations using the FDA MAUDE database. A retrospective descriptive analysis of adverse event reports submitted to the MAUDE database from system approval dates through March 19, 2026, was conducted. Reports involving robotic-assisted hysterectomy using Da Vinci Si, Xi, SP, and 5 systems were included. Device and patient problems were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Co-occurrence network analysis identified commonly associated device problems. A major limitation of the MAUDE database is the lack of data on the total number of surgeries. Each system, including Xi, SP, and Si, had different deployment periods and operational volumes. Direct comparisons of malfunction numbers and rates between systems lack statistical validity. Such comparisons should be avoided or, if possible, adjusted using the number of operational units and the time they have been on the market. Among 11,190 retrieved reports, 1,278 involved hysterectomy. After excluding 28 reports with “Insufficient Information,” 1,250 reports were analyzed. The Xi system (n = 370 device problems) most frequently reported “Visual Prompts will not Clear” (29.2%), with hemorrhage (20.5%) as the leading patient problem; no deaths were reported in the revised Xi dataset. The SP system (n = 12 device problems) most frequently reported “Visual Prompts will not Clear” (33.3%), with unspecified tissue injury (37.5%) as the leading patient problem. The Si system (n = 71 device problems) most frequently reported “Device Displays Incorrect Message” (32.4%), with strong co-occurrence between incorrect messaging and unexpected device behavior (weight = 11); bowel perforation and fistula each accounted for 16.7% of patient problems, and one death (8.3%) was documented. The Da Vinci 5 system (n = 2 reports) reported a pressure problem with no associated patient adverse events. Because the MAUDE database does not provide the total number of hysterectomies performed with each system, the number of active systems per year, or system-specific procedure volumes, raw malfunction frequencies cannot be used to compare failure rates across the Xi, SP, Si, or 5 platforms. Accordingly, the following results are presented as descriptive summaries only, without cross-system rate comparisons. Device malfunctions in robotic hysterectomy vary by Da Vinci model, predominantly involve software-interface issues such as persistent visual prompts and incorrect messaging, and are associated with serious patient harm including hemorrhage, bowel perforation, fistula, and death. The absence of mortality in the revised Xi dataset and the limited data from the Da Vinci 5 system highlight the need for continued postmarket surveillance. These findings underscore the importance of improved system design, standardized reporting, and enhanced adverse event documentation to better characterize device-related risks in robotic-assisted hysterectomy.

PMID:42231012 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03537-9

Int J Obes (Lond). 2026 Jun 2. doi: 10.1038/s41366-026-02109-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants, with the primary exposure pathway for the general population being the consumption of contaminated food. Human exposure to PBDEs is suspected to increase the risk of obesity.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the association between intake of PBDEs and the risk of obesity/overweight or weight gain in the French Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de l’Education Nationale (E3N) cohort.

METHODS: This study included 66 467 women with a mean age of 52.47 years over a 20-years follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between PBDEs intake and risk of obesity, overweight and gain more than 10 kg.

RESULTS: Higher PBDEs intakes were related to increased risk of overweight (HR (1-SD increment) = 1.07 (1.05-1.09), HR (Q4 vs. Q1) = 1.13 (1.07-1.19), P-trend <0.001) and weight gain (HR (1-SD increment) = 1.12 (1.09-1.14), HR (Q4vsQ1) = 1.28 (1.21-1.37), P-trend <0.001). A non-linear association (P-non-linearity = 0.0014, P-overall <0.001) between the intake of PBDEs and obesity risk (HR (Q4 vs. Q1) = 1.25 (1.15-1.37), P-trend <0.001) was identified. The associations remained consistent when adjusting in addition separately for total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA, the main food sources of PBDEs intake as well as when running stratified analyses based on the follow-up duration.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a positive association between intake of PBDEs and the risk of overweight, obesity and weight gain. Further efforts are needed to reduce PBDEs contamination in food and lower exposure levels in the general population.

PMID:42230986 | DOI:10.1038/s41366-026-02109-z

Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 2;16(1):16980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-56238-6.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42230952 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-56238-6

Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 2. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-55998-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess diagnostic values of kinetic parameters in ultrafast dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnostic performance of ultrafast kinetic parameters (time to enhancement [TTE], maximum slope [MS], time to peak, peak enhancement [PE], and wash-in slope [WIS]), and their correlations with the immunohistopathological findings of breast cancer were evaluated for 101 histologically proven breast lesions. We found that the areas under the curves of five ultrafast kinetic parameters in masses (0.69-0.81) and for MS, PE, and WIS in non-mass enhancement (NME) (0.91-0.94) were comparable to those of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categorizations (mass: 0.85, NME: 0.83) without statistically significant differences. Values of ultrafast kinetic parameters differed significantly according to invasiveness (invasive vs. non-invasive: TTE, p = 0.029; MS, p = 0.040; PE, p = 0.032; and WIS, p = 0.009), immunohistopathological findings (high vs. low Ki-67: TTE, p = 0.020; MS, p = 0.004; PE, p = 0.003; and WIS, p < 0.001), hormone receptor (negative vs. positive: MS, p = 0.033; and WIS, p = 0.042), and triple-negative status (triple-negative vs. non-triple-negative: MS, p = 0.028; and WIS, p = 0.011) in breast cancer. In conclusion, ultrafast kinetic parameters demonstrate diagnostic performance comparable to that of BI-RADS categories for both mass and NME and may be associated with the immunohistopathological findings of breast cancer.

PMID:42230942 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-55998-5