Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Data. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1038/s41597-026-07370-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurate, continuous and high-resolution mapping of multiple crop types, including both grain and cash crops, is vital for supporting sustainable agricultural development. While substantial progress has been made in mapping major grain crops, China still lacks a long-term, high-resolution dataset that simultaneously captures winter wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane. In this study, we used machine learning method to produce the China Crop Dataset (CCD), a 30 m resolution multi-crop dataset spanning 2001-2024, by integrating Landsat imagery and fused product with high spatial resolution. Validation based on field surveys and visually interpreted Google Earth samples confirmed the high accuracy of the CCD, with producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy and overall accuracy reaching 88.45%, 87.2% and 91.01%, respectively. Furthermore, the CCD exhibited strong spatial consistency with existing datasets. The classified areas of winter wheat, maize, single-season rice, double-season rice and sugarcane showed good agreement with statistical area, with correlation coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.6 in most provinces. This dataset provides a robust and long-term resource for supporting agricultural planning, and facilitating research on land use and food security in China.

PMID:42115702 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-026-07370-5

Sci Rep. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-52977-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Pediatric nurses constitute a critical workforce in Ghana due to the continuous and high-intensity demands of child care. However, their occupational health outcomes remain underexplored, particularly in northern Ghana. This study assessed the effect of night shift work on daytime sleepiness and physiological health among pediatric nurses in the Tamale Metropolis, Northern Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 175 pediatric nurses. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure proportional representation of pediatric nurses from each health facility, followed by simple random sampling for participant selection. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Night Shift Physiological Health Assessment Scale (NSPHAS). Appropriate inferential statistics were used, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean daytime sleepiness score following night shift work was 10.12 (SD = 5.55), with 20.6% of participants exhibiting severe excessive daytime sleepiness. The highest chance of dozing was reported when lying down to rest in the afternoon (31.4%). Sleep disturbances recorded the highest mean physiological health score (2.87 ± 0.98), followed by gastrointestinal disturbances and eating habit disruptions (2.29 ± 0.91), and cardiovascular and physical strain (2.28 ± 0.91). Significant differences in physiological health outcomes were also observed across sociodemographic and work-related characteristics (p < 0.05). Night shift work is associated with increased daytime sleepiness and physiological health disturbances among pediatric nurses. Context specific interventions, including improved shift scheduling and targeted sleep health education, may help reduce these adverse outcomes.

PMID:42115689 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-52977-8

Sci Rep. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50659-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Early diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis provides an opportunity to detect and prevent fractures. This study uses machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance the predictive ability for low bone mass (LBM) risk. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, including 3,738 menopausal women from a hospital (the internal validation dataset) and 1,008 menopausal women from the community (the external validation dataset) between December 2014 and February 2022. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) and elastic net methods are employed to screen the variables. ML algorithms and logistic regression are applied using clinical risk factors to develop a prediction model, and its effectiveness is subsequently evaluated. The optimal model is selected, and the concordance statistic is established for discrimination, comprising 11 variables. In predicting LBM, the model achieves an AUC of 0.918 in the internal validation dataset and 0.910 in the external validation dataset, with the XGboost model particularly noteworthy. This prediction model assists older women at elevated risk of osteoporosis, guiding decision-making for primary care providers to identify those needing preventive treatment.

PMID:42115688 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-50659-z

Sci Rep. 2026 May 11;16(1):14706. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50503-4.

ABSTRACT

High-purity α-Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesised using a modified Pechini sol-gel method and calcinated at 1100 °C. Their structural, optical, and dielectric properties were thoroughly examined. Structure research utilizing X-ray diffraction and advanced Rietveld refinement showed that adding the axial divergence asymmetry pseudo-Voigt function improves refinement quality and produces more precise crystallographic parameters for the R-3c corundum structure. A stress-free crystalline framework was confirmed by a size-strain plot showing a volume-weighted crystallite size of ~ 24.4 nm and low lattice strain. The HR-TEM revealed spherical polycrystalline aggregates with an average particle size of ~ 100 nm, while FTIR confirmed phase purity and complete organic precursor elimination. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy determined the refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, and complex dielectric function. The Kubelka-Munk formalism estimated the optical band gap at ~ 4.29 eV, indicating wide-band-gap insulating behaviour. In the visible-near-infrared region, the real part of the dielectric constant showed substantial photon energy dispersion, but the imaginary part remained extremely low (≤ 0.03), indicating minimal optical losses. The dielectric loss tangent was extremely low (~ 10-4-10-6), indicating strong electronic polarization and minimal dissipation. The lattice dielectric constant (εₗ = 7.97), low plasma frequency, and minimal free-carrier contribution support the intrinsic insulation of α-Al2O3. Researchers found a strong correlation between structural perfection and low-loss optical response, making α-Al2O3 nanoparticles promising for high-transparency, dielectric-stable applications such as optical coatings, ultraviolet optoelectronic devices, and high-frequency photonics.

PMID:42115682 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-50503-4

Int J Lab Hematol. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.70139. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Criteria for visual examination of stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) differ among institutions in the United States and internationally. In an effort to standardize review criteria, the International Consensus Group for Hematology Review (ICGHR) proposed in 2005 a consensus list of rules for CBC findings that should trigger a review of automated cell counter results and potentially lead to further testing or blood smear review. The primary aim of this paper is to report on the published literature in the past 20 years regarding PBS review criteria and their ability to identify relevant peripheral blood abnormalities.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the published literature from 2005 to 2025 to investigate and summarize PBS review criteria and performance in the context of automated hematology analyzers in clinical laboratories.

RESULTS: Of 5351 citations, 68 studies met our search criteria. These studies included 22 countries and all major hematology analyzer manufacturers. Marked variability was observed in study populations, analyzer flagging criteria, details of PBS visual review, definitions of a “positive” smear, and approaches to statistical data analysis. Across studies, the blast flag sensitivity ranged from 18% to 100% while the blast flag specificity ranged from 17% to 100%. Wide ranges in sensitivity/specificity were also seen for atypical and/or abnormal lymphocyte flags across studies. For studies analyzing the same patient population, less striking variation was seen across instruments.

CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides a 20-year overview of the literature, highlighting significant variability in PBS review criteria, dependence on study design and hematology analyzer, and the importance of developing harmonized evidence-based guidelines.

PMID:42115681 | DOI:10.1111/ijlh.70139

NPJ Breast Cancer. 2026 May 11;12(1):69. doi: 10.1038/s41523-026-00940-1.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42115634 | DOI:10.1038/s41523-026-00940-1

Sci Rep. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44533-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Springs represent critical lifelines for mountain water security; however, discharge reductions and seasonal drying increasingly threaten 1.3 billion people dependent on Himalayan water systems amid accelerating climate change. This study presents a systematic application of classical hydrological methods across eight representative springs in the Tawi catchment, J&K UT, India, providing a comprehensive and unprecedented hydrometric assessment framework for data-scarce regions of Indian Himalayas. Three complimentary hydrological approaches were adopted: (1) flow regime analysis using hydrograph assessment and base flow separation, (2) statistical assessment using correlation and persistence functions, and (3) flow reliability evaluation using duration curves and variability indices. Results revealed distinct hydrological signatures: three springs exhibited perennial behavior with high base flow indices (0.67-0.88), strong groundwater contribution (> 800,000 L total volume), and low variability (CV < 0.3), while five springs demonstrated seasonal-flashy responses with discharge variability ratios exceeding 2.5. Cross-correlation analysis identified response lag times ranging from immediate (1 day) for shallow systems to 49 days for deeper groundwater-fed springs. Auto-correlation functions revealed memory of 14-49 days, indicating varying aquifer storage capacities. The evidence-based classification supports development of targeted community interventions: stable springs require recharge zone protection and forest conservation, whereas vulnerable springs necessitate artificial recharge structures, check dams, and community-based storage systems. This framework directly supports UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and Goal 13 (Climate Action), demonstrating that systematic, scientifically robust classical methods offer cost-effective alternatives for springshed management, thereby supporting mountain water security globally.

PMID:42115633 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-44533-1

Nat Commun. 2026 May 7. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-72835-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Anopheles stephensi is a major malaria vector mainly present in southern Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Since 2012 it has invaded several countries of eastern Africa, stimulating urgent efforts to develop more efficient strategies for vector control such as CRISPR/Cas9-based homing gene drives. Target site resistance due to end-joining repair is a significant challenge to the deployment of these systems. The use of multiple sgRNAs has the potential to solve this issue. Here we perform experimental crosses to assess the homing and cutting efficiency of both classical (e.g. four adjacent sgRNAs all in one construct) and additive (e.g. separate constructs each expressing a single sgRNA) multiplexing strategies targeting the cardinal locus, in the presence and absence of a resistance allele. We find resistance alleles at one sgRNA target site can be mitigated by the presence of the additional sgRNAs with either strategy, and do not significantly reduce the homing efficiency for either strategy, validating their effectiveness. Further modelling using parameters derived from the strains generated indicates that while both strategies can overcome resistance allele formation, the fitness of the drive-carrying alleles is a critical factor in determining the overall performance and persistence of a split drive.

PMID:42115602 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-026-72835-5

J Robot Surg. 2026 May 12;20(1):484. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03423-4.

ABSTRACT

Aims to clarify the role of robotic-assisted system in hysterectomies for benign and malignant conditions and offer strong evidence for choosing the best surgical approach. A retrospective study enrolled 4821 hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy cases post-robotic surgery introduction. Cases were categorized by disease status (benign or malignant) and surgical approach. Time-series analysis assessed annual trends in surgical approaches, and propensity score matching compared surgical outcomes to minimize bias. Over the past decade at our center, the use of robotic surgery for all benign and malignant hysterectomies increased from 6.1% to 38.2%. Among patients with cervical cancer, the robotic surgery utilization rate increased from 12.5% to 55.9% by 2024, and establishing this technique as a leading approach for cervical cancer alongside open surgery. While both robotic and laparoscopic approaches yield similar operative and complication outcomes, robotic surgery incurs an additional cost of 2.79 (thousand USD) for benign hysterectomies. However, for endometrial carcinoma with pelvic lymph node dissection, robotic surgery reduced operative time by 48.5 min (P < 0.05). In radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer, the robotic approach not only reduced operative time by 30 min (P < 0.05), but also significantly decreased intraoperative transfusions (2.5% vs 14.3%, P < 0.0001), unplanned reoperations (0.7% vs 3.9%, P = 0.021), surgical complications (25% vs. 40%, P = 0.0002), and major complications (3.6% vs 12.5%, P = 0.0001) compared to open surgery. Robotic-assisted systems are frequently used for hysterectomies, offering no benefit over laparoscopy for benign cases and being more costly. However, they shorten operative time in procedures involving pelvic lymph node dissection. Furthermore, in complex radical hysterectomies, they not only decrease operative time but also improve surgical outcomes, such as reducing blood transfusions, reoperations, and complications.

PMID:42115535 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03423-4

J Gambl Stud. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1007/s10899-026-10510-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of legalizing full-scale casino gaming on drug-related offenses in Hot Springs, Arkansas. While the state’s other casino-hosting cities-Pine Bluff and West Memphis-and the state of Arkansas as a whole have experienced a recent decline in drug-related offenses, Hot Springs has seen a notable increase. This research utilizes the synthetic control method to analyze city-level data from 2011 to 2024, comparing Hot Springs to a counterfactual “synthetic” city. This counterpart is constructed from a weighted combination of non-casino Arkansas cities, matched on pre-existing crime trajectories and socioeconomic predictors. Our findings indicate that Hot Springs experienced a statistically significant increase in drug arrests following the transition to full casino gaming in April 2019. By 2023 and 2024, the drug arrest rate in Hot Springs was approximately double that of its synthetic counterpart. We conclude that the social costs of gaming expansion are context-dependent. In Hot Springs, the increase may be driven by its status as a growing resort destination, where a high volume of transient visitors creates an anonymous environment conducive to illicit transactions.

PMID:42115532 | DOI:10.1007/s10899-026-10510-6