Tag: nevin manimala

Mol Cell Biochem. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04579-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mutation or overexpression renders pan-RAS (rat sarcoma) proteins insensitive to inactivation. Activated pan-RAS communicates signal from the cell surface receptor to activate RAS-MAPK/ERK (RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal regulated kinases) signaling and orchestrates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs) reprogramming to induce EMT. Owing to limited studies available in bladder cancer, the present study is taken up to examine the expressions of the EMT-associated markers in pan-RAS-pERK1/2 (pan-RAS-phosphoERK1/2)-positive well-characterized cohort of forty-two non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and forty-five muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin embedded tissue sections to determine the immunolevels and cellular localization of marker proteins. Semi-quantitative expressions of pan-RAS, pERK1/2, and EMT markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug Twist, and Zeb1) were statistically examined with clinicohistopathological profile of the patients using SPSS, version 20.0 software. The study documents the diagnostic relevance of immunohistochemical expressions of pan-RAS-pERK1/2/EMT-associated markers in order to stratify NMIBC and MIBC patients. Follow-up studies supported the role of altered EMT phenotype in pan-RAS-pERK1/2-activated positive tumors with disease aggressiveness. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first concluding the impact of altered EMT phenotype via pan-RAS-pERK1/2 axis on the short survival outcome [short overall survival (OS) (p = 0.04), short progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) and short cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p = 0.03)] of muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.

PMID:36239855 | DOI:10.1007/s11010-022-04579-x

Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s10571-022-01292-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The dorsal hippocampus is involved in behavioral avoidance regulation. It is unclear how experiences such as the neonatal stress of maternal deprivation (MD) and post-weaning environmental enrichment (EE) affect avoidance behavior and the dorsal hippocampal parameters, including neuronal morphology, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling, and oxytocin receptor (OTR) level. In male BALB/c mice, we found that MD impaired avoidance behavior in the step-on test compared to non-MD and EE rearing conditions could alleviate that partially. MD increased neuronal branches in the CA1 but decreased synaptic connection levels in the CA2, CA3, and DG. Meanwhile, MD increased the CA1’s OTR levels, which negatively correlated with nucleus densities. MD also increased the CA1’s and CA2’s CRH levels, which positively correlated with CRHR1 levels. However, MD statistically elevated the CA3’s CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) levels, which negatively correlated with nucleus densities and, probably, synaptic connection levels in the CA3. The additive effects of MD and EE maintained similar CRH levels and CRHR1 levels as well as OTR levels in the hippocampal areas as the additive of non-MD and non-EE. However, the presence of MD and EE still decreased the CA1’s neuronal branches and the CA2’s and DG’s synaptic connection levels. The study illustrates how MD and EE affect avoidance behaviors, hippocampal neuron morphology, and CRH and OTR levels. The results indicate that the late-life environmental improvement partially restores the alterations in dorsal hippocampal areas induced by early life stress.

PMID:36239833 | DOI:10.1007/s10571-022-01292-7

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s10006-022-01123-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Three-dimensional surgical planning (3-DSP) is becoming commonplace in the management of benign and malignant disease for oral and maxillofacial surgery practice within the last decade. Surgeons utilize a virtual “wrap” to preoperatively delineate and define maxillofacial tumor resection margins. The investigators hypothesized that the use of a wrap is a predictable method to obtain negative bony margins.

METHODS: The investigators implemented a retrospective chart review. The sample was composed of patients over the age of 18 treated at John Peter Smith Health Network and Parkland/UT Southwestern Medical Center who obtained 3-DSP for the pathology of the head and neck, involving the bone, with a virtual wrap utilized for bony margins. The proportion of cases was calculated, descriptive statistics were reported, and binomial exact calculation was performed for confidence intervals. The primary variable analyzed was bony margin status on final histopathology, involved or uninvolved, based on the pathology report.

RESULTS: The sample was composed of 39 cases, one of which was excluded due to aborting the preplanned 3-DSP. Of the 38 included cases, one had involved bony margin on final histopathology (2.6%; 95% confidence limits, 0.1%, 13.8%). There were 16 malignant cases (42%) and 22 benign cases (58%). When stratified by pathology, 1 out of the 16 malignant cases (6.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2%, 30%) and 0 out of the 22 benign cases (95% confidence interval, 0%, 15.4%) had an involved bony margin on final histopathology.

CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary study suggest three-dimensional surgical planning with wrap margins is a predictable method to obtain negative bony margins in benign and malignant disease of the maxillofacial complex. Further studies will focus on compiling prospective data to solidify the accuracy and predictability of using a wrap to obtain negative bony margins.

PMID:36239829 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-022-01123-5

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07671-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surgical procedures (transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and open partial laryngectomy (OPL)) on the prognosis of patients with early laryngeal cancer.

METHODS: A total of 760 patients diagnosed with early laryngeal cancer (T1-2N0M0) and treated with TLM (n = 416) or OPL (n = 344) between 2004 and 2015 were abstracted from the SEER database. Propensity score matching (PSM) and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (SIPTW) were performed to obtain comparable cohorts. The survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with a false discovery rate (FDR) correction were applied to contrast the association between two surgical approaches and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

RESULTS: The 5-year OS for the TLM group was 79.5% versus 77.7% for the OPL group (P = 0.619). Similar results were revealed for the comparison of 5-year DSS rates (91.1% versus 91.5%, P = 0.891). After PSM and SIPTW balance the confounding factors, no significant difference was observed in the OS and DSS of patients treated with TLM compared to patients treated with OPL. The consistent results were still yielded (all P > 0.05), when stratified by gender, age, year of diagnosis, residence, household income, tumor site, T stage, differentiation, and adjuvant therapy.

CONCLUSION: This study provides strong evidence that there is no significant difference in the prognosis of early laryngeal carcinoma between the treatment of TLM and OPL, which may be helpful to guide the clinical decision-making of these patients.

PMID:36239784 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07671-6

Childs Nerv Syst. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s00381-022-05669-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Studies on pediatric head injury observe that AHT patients often have a higher incidence of malignant cerebral oedema and, overall, worse prognosis. There are limited studies with a focus on the outcome of decompressive surgery in children with AHT. This is a study undertaken to review our institutional experience on the role of decompressive surgery in AHT patients and objectively assess its outcomes, in corroboration with current literature.

METHODS: This is an ethics-approved, retrospective study. Inclusion criteria consist of all children with a diagnosis of AHT managed by the Neurosurgical Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital. Demographical and clinical variables are incorporated in the statistical analyses.

RESULTS: From 2011 to 2021, a total of 7 patients required decompressive surgery for AHT. Mean age of the cohort was 17.1 months (with the majority of patients being male (n = 5, 71.4%). During the follow-up period, there was 1 mortality (14.3%), 3 patients developed cerebral palsy (42.9%), and 3 patients had post-traumatic epilepsy (42.9%). With regards to functional outcome, 4 patients (57.1%) had a favorable KOSCHI score at 6 months follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Decompressive surgery in children with AHT presents with its own unique challenges. We therein present our neurosurgical experience in decompressive surgery for this extremely vulnerable group of patients. Given the potential role of decompressive surgery in AHT, the development of an objective marker to select such patients who may benefit most from intervention should be the way forward.

PMID:36239781 | DOI:10.1007/s00381-022-05669-3

Nurs Educ Perspect. 2022 Oct 12. doi: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This project aimed to explore the cultural competence of third-year undergraduate nursing students. A retrospective, quantitative, quasi-experimental design was used to collect data from 15 undergraduate students who took part in a three-week travel abroad community clinical to Thailand during 2019. Students engaged in reflective journaling. Data were collected before and after travel using the 20-item Cultural Intelligence Scale. Post mean scores were higher than presurveys, indicating that students improved on cultural competency overall. All subcategories showed a positive difference, and the results were overall statistically significant.

PMID:36239770 | DOI:10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001061

J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022 Oct 14:djac157. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djac157. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in better understanding the biology and clinical presentation of invasive lobular cancer (ILC), which is the most common special histological subtype of breast cancer. Limited large contemporary data sets are available allowing comparison of clinicopathologic features between ILC and invasive ductal cancer (IDC).

METHODS: The Great Lakes Breast Cancer Consortium was formed to compare clinical behavior of ILC (n = 3617) and IDC (n = 30 045) from 33 662 patients treated between 1990 and 2017 at 3 large clinical centers. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and propensity score matching to evaluate treatment differences and outcomes. All statistical testing used 2-sided P values.

RESULTS: Compared with IDC, patients with ILC were more frequently diagnosed at later stages and with more lymph node involvement (corrected P < .001). Estrogen receptor-positive ILCs were of lower grade (grade 1 and 2: 90% in ILC vs 72% in IDC) but larger in size (T3 and 4: 14.3% in ILC vs 3.4% in IDC) (corrected P < .001), and since 1990, the mean ILC size detected at diagnosis increased yearly. Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive ILC underwent statistically significantly more mastectomies compared with ER-positive IDC (57% vs 46%). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with ER-positive ILC had statistically significantly worse disease-free survival and overall survival than ER-positive IDC although 6 times more IDCs were classified as high risk by OncotypeDx Breast Recurrence Score assay.

CONCLUSIONS: This large, retrospective, collaborative analysis with 3 clinical centers identified meaningful differences in clinicopathological features between ILC and IDC, providing further evidence that these are 2 different entities requiring different clinical management.

PMID:36239760 | DOI:10.1093/jnci/djac157

HNO. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s00106-022-01228-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the variety of existing methods for olfactory rehabilitation after total laryngectomy, olfactory disability remains one of the main factors limiting quality of life for laryngectomees.

OBJECTIVE: Considering the need for a socially acceptable rehabilitation method that is suitable for everyday use, this study sought to elucidate whether retronasal olfaction during phonation through a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis is possible.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The odor identification of 22 laryngectomees was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery (12 odors), while performing an established method of olfactory rehabilitation-“polite yawning”-or while transnasal expiration or phonation through the tracheoesophageal fistula (TF). To facilitate the latter, a novel Expiratory Nasal Airflow M‑Maneuver (ENAMM) was developed.

RESULTS: All 21 non-anosmic laryngectomees included in the study were able to identify odors retronasally. While only 6 of 22 patients (27.3%) could perform the nasal expiration through the TF, all patients could easily perform phonation using ENAMM after proper instruction. The odor identification scores with the ENAMM technique did not statistically differ from ones with “polite yawning” (5.4 ± 3.1 vs. 6.4 ± 3.2, p = 0.279). The ENAMM was easy to learn and showed a tendency of increasing olfactory scores over time, possibly due to a learning effect.

CONCLUSIONS: Study results show that retronasal olfaction using a voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy is possible and suggest the potential of ENAMM as a method of olfactory rehabilitation for laryngectomy patients.

PMID:36239758 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-022-01228-z

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00761-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Estimate the incidence of teething symptoms and investigate risk factors at three centers in different regions of Brazil.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study enrolled children at birth in the cities of Manaus (northern region), Porto Alegre (southern region) and Salvador (northeast region). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected at baseline and 6 months. At 12 months, data were collected on the child’s health through structured interviews and dental examinations, including the primary outcome: occurrence of signs and symptoms of tooth eruption reported by parents. Statistical analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with calculation of relative risks (RR).

RESULTS: The incidence of teething symptoms was 82.4% (238/289). The multivariate analysis revealed a higher occurrence of the outcome in the city of Salvador (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.23-1.58), when mother’s education was more than 11 years (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65), when a larger number of individuals resided in the home (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02-1.29), when a smoker resided in the home (RR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and when the child presented flu or cold in the first year of life (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.09-1.38). The most reported symptoms were fever (50.5%), irritability (42.6%), itching (40.8%) and diarrhea (35.3%). Most parents (82%) took some action to alleviate symptoms, including unprescribed systemic medication, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheic agents.

CONCLUSION: Reports of teething symptoms were associated with the city investigated, socioeconomic factors of the families and characteristics of the child’s health. A high rate of administering unprescribed medication was also found.

PMID:36239737 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-022-00761-3

Curr Med Imaging. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.2174/1573405619666221014113907. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The techniques differed in many of the literature on the detection of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia from the blood smear pictures, as the cases of infection in the world and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were increasing and the causes of this disease were not known, especially for children, which is a serious and fatal disease.

OBJECTIVE: Through this work we seek to contribute to discover the blood cells affected by Acute Lymphocytic Leukem and to find an effective and fast method and to have the correct diagnosis as the time factor is important in the diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. which is based on one of the deep learning techniques that specialize in very deep networks, the use of one of the CNNs is VGG16.

METHODS: Detection scheme is implemented by pre-processing, feature extraction, model building, fine tuning method, classification are executed. By using VGG16 pre-trained, and using SVM and MLP classification algorithms in Machine Learning.

RESULTS: Our results are evaluated based on criteria such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score. The accuracy results for SVM classifier MLP of 77% accuracy at 0.001 learning rate and the accuracy for SVM classifier 75% at 0.005 learning rate. Whereas, the best accuracy result for VGG16 model was 92.27% at 0.003 learning rate. The best validation accuracy result was 85.62% at 0.001 learning rate.

PMID:36239727 | DOI:10.2174/1573405619666221014113907