Tag: nevin manimala

Ultrasound Q. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000614. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Percutaneous native kidney biopsies performed with ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) guidance are important in the workup of medical renal disease, with modality choice often dependent on the performing institution, with various complication rates reported. We compared the complication rates and types of complication of US- versus CT-guided native parenchymal renal biopsy among hospitalized patients. One hundred five consecutive inpatient US- and CT-guided native parenchymal renal biopsies performed by radiologists at a tertiary care academic center between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Complication rates of biopsy were calculated and compared between the 2 modalities. Comparisons with regard to types of complications were made using the Society of Interventional Radiology grading scale, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and other clinical data. One hundred five hospitalized adult patients (58 women and 47 men; average age, 53 years) underwent native parenchymal kidney biopsy during the study period. Sixty-three (60%) were CT-guided and 42 (40%) were US-guided. Complication rates between CT- versus US-guided biopsies were 40% versus 19% (P = 0.03), respectively. There were 7 major and 18 minor complications for CT-guided biopsies and 3 major and 5 minor complications for US-guided biopsies. No statistically significant difference was found in preprocedural American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score, international normalized ratio, platelet count, or body mass index. Computed tomography-guided native parenchymal kidney biopsy was associated with a higher overall complication rate compared with US-guided biopsy for hospitalized patients. Most complications were minor, which required no treatment or additional follow-up.

PMID:35816176 | DOI:10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000614

Bone Jt Open. 2022 Jul;3(7):536-542. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.37.BJO-2021-0213.R1.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is now commonly used in major surgical operations including orthopaedics. The TRAC-24 randomized control trial (RCT) aimed to assess if an additional 24 hours of TXA postoperatively in primary total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reduced blood loss. Contrary to other orthopaedic studies to date, this trial included high-risk patients. This paper presents the results of a cost analysis undertaken alongside this RCT.

METHODS: TRAC-24 was a prospective RCT on patients undergoing TKA and THA. Three groups were included: Group 1 received 1 g intravenous (IV) TXA perioperatively and an additional 24-hour postoperative oral regime, Group 2 received only the perioperative dose, and Group 3 did not receive TXA. Cost analysis was performed out to day 90.

RESULTS: Group 1 was associated with the lowest mean total costs, followed by Group 2 and then Group 3. The differences between Groups 1 and 3 (-£797.77 (95% confidence interval -1,478.22 to -117.32) were statistically significant. Extended oral dosing reduced costs for patients undergoing THA but not TKA. The reduced costs in Groups 1 and 2 resulted from reduced length of stay, readmission rates, emergency department attendances, and blood transfusions.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated significant cost savings when using TXA in primary THA or TKA. Extended oral dosing reduced costs further in THA but not TKA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):536-542.

PMID:35816170 | DOI:10.1302/2633-1462.37.BJO-2021-0213.R1

Biomarkers. 2022 Jul 11:1-11. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2022.2096927. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Abstract/SummaryThis article discusses issues associated with the design and interpretation of biomarker studies, points to various guidelines and lists points to look out for in assessing studies.

PMID:35816158 | DOI:10.1080/1354750X.2022.2096927

Connect Tissue Res. 2022 Jul 11:1-11. doi: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2094790. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Simvastatin is a prodrug of the potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. The main purpose of the current study is to assess the accurate function of simvastatin on osteoporosis of extremity bones in aging rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty 15-month-old SD rats were divided into five groups (four simvastatin groups and one control group). The rats in four simvastatin groups were fed with different doses of simvastatin (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 3 months, whereas the rats in control group were fed the equal physiological saline. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and the lipid spectrum in serum were measured. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism, osteocalcin (OC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap-5b), were analyzed using ELISA. The content of adipocytes in bone marrow was analyzed by histological staining. Finally, the bone quality of the femur and tibia were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), peri-quantity CT (pQCT), and the 3-point bending biomechanical test.

RESULTS: Simvastatin reduced serum triglycerides (TG), and 10 mg/kg/d of simvastatin significantly reduced the content of adipocytes in bone marrow compared to the control group. However, statistically significant differences between the simvastatin groups and the control group were not found in the CA, P, OC, Trap-5b, or the evaluation indexes of bone quality from DEXA, pQCT, and biomechanical tests.

CONCLUSION: Simvastatin could not prevent osteoporosis of the extremity bones in aging rats.

PMID:35816110 | DOI:10.1080/03008207.2022.2094790

Cranio. 2022 Jul 11:1-9. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2088575. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of splint therapy on masseter muscle and blood flow in patients with bruxism using ultrasonography (USG).

METHODS: Twenty female patients with bruxism receiving splint treatment were studied. Masseter thickness and elasticity were assessed using gray-scale USG and shear-wave elastography (kPa) at rest and maximum clenching. Blood flow parameters of external carotid artery (ECA), maxillary, facial, mental artery were examined using Doppler USG before and after splint application.

RESULTS: Thickness and elasticity of masseter muscle was statistically significantly decreased at rest after splint therapy (p < 0.05). Significant difference was determined only in some parameters of ECA and maxillary artery in Doppler USG before and after splint (p < 0.05); there was no difference for facial and mental artery (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Thickness and elasticity of masseter muscle were significantly decreased after splint therapy. USG can measure muscle activity and blood flow in bruxism patients.

PMID:35816105 | DOI:10.1080/08869634.2022.2088575

Faraday Discuss. 2022 Jul 11. doi: 10.1039/d2fd00068g. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A combined experimental and theoretical study of quantum state-resolved rotational energy transfer kinetics of optically centrifuged CO molecules is presented. In the experiments, inverted rotational distributions of CO in rotational states up to J = 80 were prepared using two different optical centrifuge traps, one with the full spectral bandwidth of the optical centrifuge pulses, and one with reduced bandwidth. The relaxation kinetics of the high-J tail of the inverted distribution from each optical trap was determined based on high-resolution transient IR absorption measurements. In parallel studies, master equation simulations were performed using state-to-state rate constants for CO-CO collisions in states up to J = 90, based on data from double-resonance experiments for CO with J = 0-29 and a fit to a statistical power exponential gap model. The model is in qualitative agreement with the observed relaxation profiles, but the observed decay rate constants are smaller than the simulated values by as much as a factor of 10. The observed decay rate constants also have a stronger J-dependence than predicted by the model. The results are discussed in terms of angular momentum and energy conservation, and compared to the observed orientational anisotropy decay kinetics of optically centrifuged CO molecules. Models for rotational energy transfer could be improved by including angular momentum effects.

PMID:35816092 | DOI:10.1039/d2fd00068g

J Drugs Dermatol. 2022 Jul 1;21(7):783. doi: 10.36849/JDD.776.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of female hair loss and hair thinning increases with advancing age and is most common among post-menopausal women. Recent statistics show that by age 60, an estimated 80% of women experience hair loss. A previous publication detailing the results of the 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase of this study demonstrated the ability of a nutraceutical supplement to significantly improve hair growth and shedding compared to placebo. Here, we present results from a subsequent 6-month, open-label extension phase assessing the continued safety and efficacy of this nutraceutical for promoting and improving hair growth and evaluate potential long-term benefits on quality of life and menopausal symptoms. After a total of 12 months with the active nutraceutical, subjects had progressive improvements in hair growth, quality, and shedding. Quality of life measures and menopausal symptoms also improved over the duration of the study. When transitioned to daily intake of the supplement, subjects previously treated with placebo achieved significant increases in all hair counts, a significant decrease in shedding, and significant improvement in blinded investigator global hair growth and quality assessments. The results of this long-term study demonstrate that continued use of a novel nutraceutical provides significant incremental improvement over the beneficial effects achieved during the initial 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled phase. Continued use may provide ongoing improvements in hair growth and exert a positive effect on secondary symptoms of menopause, and quality of life in perimenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal women with selfperceived thinning hair (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04048031). J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(7):776-783. doi:10.36849/JDD.6912.

PMID:35816069 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.776

J Drugs Dermatol. 2022 Jul 1;21(7):713-716. doi: 10.36849/JDD.6967.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although truncal acne is thought to have the same pathophysiology as facial acne, treatment response may differ based on body area involvement. Traditionally, prescribers have relied on oral therapies for the management of truncal acne, possibly because oral therapy has been considered more convenient than topical application of medication to the chest and back. A lotion formulation may be particularly well-suited for the treatment of truncal acne. Tazarotene lotion, 0.045% is FDA approved for treatment of acne vulgaris in individuals 9 years of age or older. This pilot study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Arazlo lotion for the treatment of truncal acne.

STUDY FINDINGS: A total of 19 subjects ranging in age from 12 to 58 years completed the 12-week study. There were significant reductions in truncal IGA (the primary endpoint) at each of the study follow-up visits. At week 12, 89% of subjects were clear or almost clear, as assessed by truncal IGA score. There were statistically significant reductions in inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesion counts from baseline to week 12. Treatment with tazarotene lotion 0.045% was well-tolerated, with erythema, dryness, peeling, oiliness, pruritis, and burning generally rated as trace or mild. Most subjects (64% or more) rated the lotion as &ldquo;Good&rdquo; or &ldquo;Excellent&rdquo; in general and in comparison to their prior medications.

CONCLUSIONS: Tazarotene lotion, 0.045% is shown to be effective and well-tolerated for the management of truncal acne in this pilot study. Further studies with placebo control and larger populations are warranted. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(7):713-716. doi:10.36849/JDD.6967.

PMID:35816073 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.6967

Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 8;11(7):6. doi: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.6.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic and clinical characteristics of eyes shut homolog (EYS)-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional observational study of 36 patients with EYS-associated autosomal recessive RP (arRP).

RESULTS: The gene sequencing results revealed that c.6416G>A (p.Cys2139Tyr) and c.7228+1G>A were the two most predominant variants in our cohort and that variants near the C-terminus, which contains alternating laminin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains, accounted for the majority of the allele counts (58 of a total of 72) and relative allele frequencies (81%). Over half of the patients presented with pericentral-type RP (n = 19, 60%), which frequently occurred in combination with macular lesions (n = 10, 52%). Patients having both variants within the alternating laminin and EGF domains near the C-terminus had a more severe disease progression (average 0.045 logMAR increase per year) than those having one variant in the N-terminus and the other in the C-terminus (average 0.001 logMAR increase per year).

CONCLUSIONS: Pericentral RP was the major phenotype in patients with EYS-associated arRP. There was also a statistically significant relationship between the location of the variants and the severity of the disease.

TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study may aid patients with EYS-associated arRP to predict future vision acuity based on their genetic and clinical features.

PMID:35816039 | DOI:10.1167/tvst.11.7.6

NMR Biomed. 2022 Jul 11:e4800. doi: 10.1002/nbm.4800. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Quantitative MRI can detect the early biochemical changes in the cartilage; however, the conventional techniques only measure one parameter (e.g., T₁ , T₂ , and T_1ρ ) at a time while being comparatively slow.

PURPOSE: We implement a 3D-magnetic resonance fingerprinting (3D-MRF) technique for simultaneous, volumetric mapping of T₁ , T_2, and T_1ρ in the knee articular cartilage under 9 minutes.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3D-MRF pulse sequence for 3T.

SUBJECTS AND PHANTOM: 11 healthy volunteers (mean age: 53 ± 9) and 5 mild knee OA patients (KL:2, mean age: 60 ± 4) and NIST/ISMRM system phantom ASSESSMENT: Proton density (PD) image, and T₁ , T_2, T_1ρ relaxation times, and B₁⁺ were estimated in NIST/ISMRM system phantom as well as the human knee medial (MFC) and lateral (LFC) femur, medial (MTC) and lateral (LTC) tibia, and patellar cartilages (PC).

STATISTICAL TESTS: The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed technique were assessed in the phantom using the analysis of the Bland-Altman plots. The intra-subject repeatability was assessed with the coefficient of variation (CV), and the root mean square CV (rmsCV). Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the difference between healthy subjects and mild knee OA patients.

RESULTS: The Bland-Altman plots in the NIST/ISMRM phantom demonstrated an average difference of 0.001 ± 015%, 1.2 ± 7.1%, and 0.47 ± 3% between two scans from the same 3T scanner (repeatability), and 0.002 ± 015%, 0.62 ± 10.5%, and 0.97 ± 14% between the scans acquired on two different 3T scanners (reproducibility) for T₁ , T₂ , and T_1ρ , respectively. The in-vivo knee study showed excellent repeatability with rmsCV less than 1%, 2%, and 1% for T₁ , T₂ , and T_1ρ , respectively. T_1ρ relaxation time in the mild knee OA patients was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in healthy subjects.

DATA CONCLUSION: The proposed 3D-MRF sequence is fast, reproducible, robust to B₁⁺ inhomogeneity, and can simultaneously measure the T₁ , T₂ , T_1ρ , and B₁⁺ volumetric maps of the knee joint in a single scan within clinically feasible scan time.

PMID:35815660 | DOI:10.1002/nbm.4800