Tag: nevin manimala

IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2022 Apr 19;PP. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3165530. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Structured pruning has received ever-increasing attention as a method for compressing convolutional neural networks. However, most existing methods directly prune the network structure according to the statistical information of the parameters. Besides, these methods differentiate the pruning rates only in each pruning stage or even use the same pruning rate across all layers, rather than using learnable parameters. In this article, we propose a network redundancy elimination approach guided by the pruned model. Our proposed method can easily tackle multiple architectures and is scalable to the deeper neural networks because of the use of joint optimization during the pruning procedure. More specifically, we first construct a sparse self-representation for the filters or neurons of the well-trained model, which is useful for analyzing the relationship among filters. Then, we employ particle swarm optimization to learn pruning rates in a layerwise manner according to the performance of the pruned model, which can determine optimal pruning rates with the best performance of the pruned model. Under this criterion, the proposed pruning approach can remove more parameters without undermining the performance of the model. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on different datasets and different architectures. For example, it can reduce 58.1% FLOPs for ResNet50 on ImageNet with only a 1.6% top-five error increase and 44.1% FLOPs for FCN_ResNet50 on COCO2017 with a 3% error increase, outperforming most state-of-the-art methods.

PMID:35439146 | DOI:10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3165530

J Math Biol. 2022 Apr 19;84(5):39. doi: 10.1007/s00285-022-01741-3.

ABSTRACT

We derive an alternative expression for a delayed logistic equation in which the rate of change in the population involves a growth rate that depends on the population density during an earlier time period. In our formulation, the delay in the growth term is consistent with the rate of instantaneous decline in the population given by the model. Our formulation is a modification of Arino et al. (J Theor Biol 241(1):109-119, 2006) by taking the intraspecific competition between the adults and juveniles into account. We provide a complete global analysis showing that no sustained oscillations are possible. A threshold giving the interface between extinction and survival is determined in terms of the parameters in the model. The theory of chain transitive sets and the comparison theorem for cooperative delay differential equations are used to determine the global dynamics of the model. We extend our delayed logistic equation to a system modeling the competition between two species. For the competition model, we provide results on local stability, bifurcation diagrams, and adaptive dynamics. Assuming that the species with shorter delay produces fewer offspring at a time than the species with longer delay, we show that there is a critical value, [Formula: see text], such that the evolutionary trend is for the delay to approach [Formula: see text].

PMID:35438310 | DOI:10.1007/s00285-022-01741-3

Osteoporos Int. 2022 Apr 19. doi: 10.1007/s00198-022-06398-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Both weight gain and weight loss in type 2 diabetic population were associated with increased risk of hip fracture, while maintaining weight lowered the risk of hip fracture. Regarding the risk of hip fracture, we can propose active monitoring to maintain the weight of type 2 diabetes patients.

INTRODUCTION: In type 2 diabetes, patients are often asked to control their weight in order to reduce their diabetic morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetic patients conduct high-intensity interventions for regulating diet, physical activity, and behavior to reduce weight, followed by long-term comprehensive weight maintenance programs. Although such weight control attempts are required in diabetic patients, there are few studies on the effect of weight change on hip fracture in this population. We aim to investigate the association between body weight change and the incidence of hip fracture in subjects with type 2 diabetes using large-scale, nationwide cohort data on the Korean population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,447,579 subjects (894,204 men and 553,375 women) > 40 years of age, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, were enrolled in this study. Weight change within 2 years was divided into five categories: from weight loss ≥ 10% to weight gain ≥ 10%. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of hip fracture were analyzed, compared with the reference of the stable weight group (weight change < 5%).

RESULTS: Among 5 weight change groups, more than 10% weight loss showed the highest HR (HR, 1.605; 95% CI, 1.493 to 1.725), followed by more than 10% weight gain (HR, 1.457; 95% CI, 1.318 to 1.612). The effect of weight change on hip fracture risk was greater in males than in females, and those under 65 years of age were greater than those over 65 years of age. Baseline BMI did not play a role of weight change affecting the risk of hip fracture. The HR for hip fracture of subjects with regular exercise was lower than those without regular exercise.

CONCLUSIONS: In the type 2 diabetes population, both weight gain and weight loss were significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture, whereas maintaining body weight reduced the risk of hip fracture the most.

PMID:35438308 | DOI:10.1007/s00198-022-06398-8

J Assoc Physicians India. 2022 Mar;70(3):11-12.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic Membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most common causes of adult onset nephrotic syndrome worldwide. About 50% will slowly progress to renal failure if untreated.

METHODS: We did a retrospective study in patients with Idiopathic membranous nephropathy who were on follow-up between 2016-2018 at Madras medical college, Chennai. Clinical records, investigations, treatment and treatment response were analyzed. Risk stratification was done according to urine protein estimation, Modified Ponticelli regimen was administered in patients with high risk of renal failure and those with complications. They were followed up 6-12 months.

RESULTS: Among 61 patients with IMN, 37 were treated with Modified Ponticelli regimen after 6months of supportive treatment. Spontaneous remission was 14%, after mean follow up of 3.14 yrs total remission was 64.86 %( CR 43.24%; PR-21.62%) and 35.14% had no remission. Three patients progressed to CKD. Tacrolimus was initiated in non responders to IST. Analysis between IST responders and non responders shows those who presented with lesser proteinuria had statistically better outcome.

CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of IMN showed a reasonably better outcome. Seventeen per cent of patients had spontaneous remission and 64.86% achieved remission with Modified Ponticelli regimen.

PMID:35438279

Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2022 Apr 11. doi: 10.1922/EJPRD_2367Althubaitiy09. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The effects of using and varying the material and diameter of implant scan bodies (ISBs) on the level of accuracy of digital implant impressions is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate these effects on the level of accuracy of scans made by an extraoral scanner (EOS) and intraoral scanner (IOS). A stone cast with two sets of ISBs was used. ISBs were made of titanium (TI) or polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Each set consisted of two narrow diameter (ND) and two regular diameter (RD) ISBs. Sixtysix scans were performed and imported into an inspection and metrology software to conduct the three-dimensional (3D) comparisons (N=140) and obtain root mean square (RMS) values. RMS values were analyzed with descriptive and inferential non-parametric statistics (α=.05). The use of ISBs did not improve the overall EOS and IOS scans accuracies. Also, varying the ISBs’ diameter and material influenced the EOS and IOS accuracies. For the EOS, the precision in descending order was as follows RD TI, ND TI, RD PEEK, ND PEEK. In contrast, for the IOS an inverse relationship was noted. Finally, precision assessment should always be performed for any reference scanner under the proposed test conditions.

PMID:35438267 | DOI:10.1922/EJPRD_2367Althubaitiy09

J Assoc Physicians India. 2022 Mar;70(3):11-12.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The present hospital based study was performed to find out prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among COVID 19 patients. The cross sectional study was performed with seven hundred fifty three laboratory confirmed COVID 19 cases over six months (from 1st July to 31st December, 2020). Urine samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases in appropriate sterile manner and were screened for pus cells and bacteria. This was followed by plating on Mac-conkey’s agar media and 5% Sheep Blood agar media. Inoculated plates were incubated overnight in aerobic condition at 37°C. Discrete colonies were further studied by Gram staining, tests for motility, battery of biochemical tests. Antibiogram was performed by disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Species confirmation and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values of the tested antibiotics were detected by automation. Results were analyzed according to standard statistical methods. Ninety urine samples were culture positive (11.95%). Escherichia coli was found to be the commonest pathogen, isolated in forty three cases (47.78%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis in twenty nine (32.22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspp. pneumonia in eighteen occasions (20%). Enterococcus faecalis isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Nitrofurantoin and nineteen isolates were resistant to fluroquinolones (65.51%). Majority of the Gram Negative isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (80.32%) where as fifteen carbapenemase producers, thirteen AmpC Betalactamase producers and twenty one Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producers have been recorded. Constant awareness regarding the antibiotic guidelines for COVID-19 cases is the need of the hour.

PMID:35438276

Community Dent Health. 2022 Apr 6. doi: 10.1922/CDH_00287Baumgartner04. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To explore self-reported satisfaction with teeth in 12-year-old children, and to study whether satisfaction was associated with child characteristics, oral health behaviours and previous experiences with teeth and dental treatment.

METHODS: Data were retrieved from dental records of 4725 children and questionnaires including information on satisfaction with teeth, gender, parents’ origin, parents’ education, dental anxiety, tooth brushing frequency, use of dental floss, toothache, pain at last dental visit and caries. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data were crosstabulated and tested using Chi-square statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The study was ethically approved.

RESULTS: Most children (68%) were satisfied with their teeth. Children who were dissatisfied with teeth were more likely to have negative experiences with their teeth and dental treatment with higher probability of having experienced toothache (OR 1.6, CI 1.4-1.8), pain at last dental visit (OR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.6) or dental anxiety (OR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.4) than other children. In addition, children with caries in their primary (OR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.7) and permanent teeth (OR 1.2, CI 1.0-1.4) were more likely to be dissatisfied than those without caries.

CONCLUSIONS: Most 12-year-olds were satisfied with their teeth. The strongest indicator for being dissatisfied was experiences with toothache, pain at last dental visit or caries while parents’ origin and education were less important.

PMID:35438263 | DOI:10.1922/CDH_00287Baumgartner04

Hepatol Commun. 2022 Apr 19. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1957. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Patients with pre-existing liver diseases are considered to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from any type of infection, including viruses. The aim of this work was to explore the implications of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) definitions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to study the interaction between advanced fibrosis (AF) and each of these diseases in the death and intubation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We performed a retrospective study with 359 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital who were admitted between April and June 2020. A multivariate Cox model was performed regarding the interaction of AF with MAFLD and NAFLD in the mortality and intubation of patients with COVID-19. The death rate was statistically significantly higher in the MAFLD group compared to the control group (55% vs. 38.3%, p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in the death rate between the NAFLD and control group. The MAFLD (44.09% vs. 20%, p = 0.001) and NAFLD (40.51% vs. 20%, p = 0.01) groups had statistically significantly higher intubation rates than the control group. A statistically significant interaction between NAFLD and AF was associated with an increase in mortality (p = 0.01), while a statistically significant interaction between MAFLD and AF was associated with an increased risk of mortality (p = 0.006) and intubation (p = 0.049). In the case of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, our results indicate that the death rate was higher in the MAFLD group but not the NAFLD group compared to that in the control group. The intubation rates were higher in the NAFLD and MAFLD groups compared to rates in the control group, suggesting that both could be associated with COVID-19 severity. In addition, we found interactions between AF with MAFLD and NAFLD.

PMID:35438253 | DOI:10.1002/hep4.1957

Ther Apher Dial. 2022 Apr 19. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13858. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to translate, linguistically validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI) among Turkish patients undergoing hemodialysis.

METHODS: The study was conducted with 81 chronic hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis units of two state hospitals between June and August 2020. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) were implemented to test the construct validity. In addition, the test-retest method was performed to test the reliability and consistency of the scale over time.

RESULTS: A total of 81 patients participated in the study. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of SXI was 0.788. The mean values for the test was 12.84±6.78 and re-test scores was 11.03±6.88. ICC value calculated as 0.992 and accordingly a statistically significant relationship between the test and retest scores (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the SXI is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish hemodialysis patients.

PMID:35438251 | DOI:10.1111/1744-9987.13858

J Periodontal Res. 2022 Apr 19. doi: 10.1111/jre.12993. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Titanium wear particles may participate in the etiology of peri-implantitis. However, the influence of titanium wear particles on biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in the presence of LPS is still not clear. The present study demonstrated the effects of titanium dioxide micro- and nanoparticles (TiO₂ MPs and NPs) on HGF cell viability, cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, migration, and proliferation in vitro, and LPS was used to mimic the in vivo condition.

METHODS: Primary HGFs were treated with TiO₂ MPs (primary particle size <5 μm, 0.1 mg/ml) and NPs (primary particle size <100 nm, 0.1 mg/ml) with or without 1 μg/ml LPS. The effects of TiO₂ MPs and NPs on HGFs cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The proliferation of HGF was detected by Ki67 nuclear staining. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to detect the internalization of TiO₂ MPs and NPs in HGFs as well as the arrangement of F-actin, vinculin, and vimentin organization. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to measure the migration of HGFs induced by TiO₂ MPs and NPs. Cell adhesion was measured using fibronectin-coated plates. The relative mRNA and protein expression of adhesion relative protein such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin (FN), and type I collagen (COL1) were measured using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test were used to analyze the statistical significance, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: TiO₂ NPs significantly inhibited HGF cell viability, proliferation, and migration compared with TiO₂ MPs group and control group. Compared with control group (2.64 ± 0.09), the mean absorbance of the cells in 1 mg/ml TiO₂ MPs group and 0.25 mg/ml TiO₂ NPs group were significantly decreased to 1.93 ± 0.33 (p < .05) and 2.22 ± 0.18 (p < .01), respectively. The cytoskeleton disruption was found in TiO₂ NPs group. The mRNA and protein expression were significantly downregulated by TiO₂ NPs. Furthermore, both TiO₂ NPs and MPs induced more adverse effects on HGFs in the presence of LPS.

CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that TiO₂ NPs but not TiO₂ MPs significantly disrupt the cytoskeletal organization and inhibited cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation of HGFs. However, in the presence of LPS, TiO₂ MPs, and TiO₂ NPs enhance these negative effects in HGFs. Titanium wear particles are probably involved in the initiation and progression of peri-implant diseases.

PMID:35438207 | DOI:10.1111/jre.12993