Tag: nevin manimala

Environ Pollut. 2022 Apr 16:119319. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119319. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide (AA) is an organic contaminant that naturally forms in starchy foods during high-temperature cooking under low-moisture conditions. It is mainly produced from the sugars and amino acids present in food by the Maillard reaction. When humans are exposed to AA, AA is eliminated in the urine as mercapturic acid conjugates, primarily including N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (GAMA3), and N-acetyl-3-[(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)sulfinyl]-L-alanine (AAMA-Sul), which are used as exposure biomarkers of AA in human biomonitoring studies. Although the carcinogenic effects of AA on humans have not been demonstrated yet, some studies have shown that AA may negatively affect children’s health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure of Spanish children (n = 612) to AA. For this purpose, the levels of AAMA, AAMA-Sul, and GAMA3 in first-morning urine samples were analyzed by “dilute and shoot” and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The three metabolites were detected in all the children involved in this study in the following order (geometric mean (GM)): AAMA (79 ng ml^-1) > AAMA-Sul (28 ng ml^-1) > GAMA3 (18 ng ml^-1). Statistical analysis suggested that the intake of fried potato products and biscuits could be associated with higher levels of AA metabolites in urine. Estimated daily intakes of AA in the children under study were in the range of 1.2-1.5 μg AA·kg-body weight^-1·day^-1 (GM). Risk assessment calculations indicate that the health risk of AA exposure cannot be overlooked and the exposure of Spanish children to AA should be closely monitored.

PMID:35439595 | DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119319

Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022 Apr 20. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: PCOS is the most common endocrinological disorder amongst women of reproductive age. The consequences of PCOS extend beyond the reproductive axis and may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome leading to a high risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a more comprehensive evaluation of biochemical markers that reflect the cardiovascular risk is required for further understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis and management.

METHODS: In this case-control study, women diagnosed with PCOS (n=100) in the age group (18-35 years) years were taken as cases and age matched healthy controls (n=100) were enrolled. Estimations of fasting plasma Glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were assayed while Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated by using Fredrickson Friedwald’s formula. Serum Lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) was estimated using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The quantitative data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare the values (PCOS vs Controls) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to elucidate the relationship between the variables.

RESULTS: FBS and all lipid parameters were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. On the other hand, HDL-C was significantly decreased as compared to the control subjects. The hormones TSH, LH, FSH, PRL and LH/FSH ratio were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. Lipoprotein-a and PAI-1 was significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to the control subjects. Upon bivariate correlation analysis, Lp(a) had significant correlations with PAI-1 (r=0.35, p=0.000), WHR (r=0.25, p=0.000), LDL (r=0.52, p=0.000) and TSH (r=0.24, p=0.000). While the correlations with FBS (r=-0.008, p=0.91) and LH/FSH ratio (r=-0.004, p=0.95) were statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of serum biomarkers such as Lp-a, PAI-1 and lipid profile routinely in PCOS patients may have diagnostic role in the early detection of metabolic abnormalities and endocrine derangements and timely management of comorbid Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease in PCOS females.

PMID:35439403 | DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2021-0044

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):339-342. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-339-342.

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to one of the founders of sanitary and demographic statistics in Russia. The works of S. A. Novoselsky covering issues of natality, total and child mortality, average life expectancy attained blaze of publicity and until present time keep their significance. S. A. Novoselsky developed for the first time both complete Russian population mortality tables and first the USSR population mortality tables.

PMID:35439400 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-339-342

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):307-311. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-307-311.

ABSTRACT

The article considers research work of students in “The Public health and health care, health economics” discipline in 2001-2020, organized in course of public health and health care of the Medical Institute of Petrozavodsk State University. The article reveals such concepts as student scientific activity, knowledge requirements for discipline to prepare student research work, classification of student research works by degree of collection and analysis of material, levels of student work performance, stages and classes of social hygienic research, requirements for content of presentation, criteria of evaluating report and presentation. During 2001-2021, 250 students of medical institute in the section “Public health and health care” made more than 200 reports, published more than 20 thesis and articles. The annual plan of 30 topics for student research works was developed, including requirements for content of presentation, 3 indices to evaluate quality of work. The text of presentation-report in 90% included information on one discipline “Public health and health care, health economics”. At that, topic was disclosed in format of describing research objectives with construction of diagrams and graphs, comparison of indices and only 10% of reports contained statistical analysis of the results.

PMID:35439395 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-307-311

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):318-321. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-318-321.

ABSTRACT

The health care reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic are directed to develop hospital financing system. In 2003 the system of clinical-cost groups was introduced. The surgical clinical-cost groups are organized on the basis of existing classifier “The Surgical Operations and Manipulations”, which is not revised since its approval in 1997, that resulted in distortion of statistical information. Hence, need in development and implementation of modern reference book is obvious. The purpose of the study is to comparatively analyze international classifiers of surgical operations and manipulations, to evaluate their accordance to clinical practice in the Kyrgyz Republic and to develop new national classifier to be applied in the Kyrgyz Republic. The actually applied national classifier of Surgical Operations and Manipulations includes 2181 types of surgical interventions, 250 (12%) out of which have no accurate formulation (for example “The other types of brain surgeries”). In addition, 453 (21%) surgical operations are not applied. The detailed analysis of such international classifiers as the International Classification of Diseases-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS), the Australian Classification of Health Interventions (ACHI), the NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP), Nomenclature of Health Services, the Russian Nomenclature of Health Services (RNHS) was implemented. The systematization of analyzed data permitted to determine the Russian classifier “Nomenclature of medical services” as the most optimal for implementation in the Kyrgyz Republic. The obtained and analyzed data made it possible for the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic to proceed activities related to development of new classifier of surgical interventions on the basis of the Nomenclature of Medical Services of the Russian Federation.

PMID:35439397 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-318-321

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):275-280. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-275-280.

ABSTRACT

The private health care sector in the Russian Federation is developing and its role in providing not only paid, but also free medical care is increasing. The issues of cooperation between state and private health sectors becomes more actual. The purpose of the study is to investigate current research and practical issues of private health care in the Russian Federation and to identify shared and specific problems with state sector and to develop proposals for evolution of intersectorial interaction and partnership. The study used analytical, sociological and statistical methodologies. The sociological survey covered 409 executives of state and private medical organizations. It was established that current and prospective research and practical problems of state and private health care are mostly shared. The statistically significant differences in opinions of respondents were determined. The list of most actual research and practical problems of private health care was composed. The commonality of derived valuations confirmed trend to integration. The identified sporadic differences are explained by greater social orientation of state health care and directness on competition of private health care. The generalization of national and foreign experience permitted to formulate proposals on partnership between state and private health care. The trend to integration of state and private health care can be transformed into active process of development of long-term partnership cooperation in health recovery and maintenance that will result in ensuring active longevity of population of the Russian Federation.

PMID:35439389 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-275-280

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):270-274. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-270-274.

ABSTRACT

The primary health care is characterized by its directivity to population health, while general practitioner is key figure in its organization and is responsible for assigned population health. The Russian Federation continues to suffer from overspecialization of medical care in outpatient health care. At that, the number of unreasonable visits to medical specialists is too high. The general practitioner, with appropriate training, can appoint patients by 11 specialties and in conditions of municipal polyclinic can undertake up to 81% of visits to medical specialists. The purpose of the study is to evaluate primary health care functioning in Moscow and to formulate proposals for reforming health care, considering development of general medical practices in a metropolis. The study was focused on analysis of morbidity of population of Moscow, on support of out-patient health care with physicians before and after implementation of three-level system of ambulatory polyclinic care, on evaluation of preventive activities of general practitioners and on development of proposals for improving organizational forms of activities with emphasis on health preservation. In the study were applied such methods as statistical, direct observation, sociological. The analysis was applied to forms of federal statistical observation i.e. form № 30 in Moscow and the Russian Federation for 2010-2019. The population sociological surveys concerning satisfaction with medical care were carried out. The research base was Moscow. The analysis demonstrated that results of Moscow health care system reformation is economically effective because of shortage of medical personnel primarily of administrative staff and its rational employment. The reformation results were positively assessed by patients, whose satisfaction with medical care made up to 95.6%. The general practitioner is to be responsible for health status of attached population and is called upon not only to carry out treatment and preventive activities, but also to coordinate organization of medical care of attached population at all stages of its provision. The implementation of general medical practice in conditions of municipality is to calculate complete transition of medical organizations providing out-patient medical care to general medical practice, that will result to certain extent, in reduction of staff positions of medical specialists. It is necessary to expand duties of medical nurse in general practice. The optimal model of joint work of general practitioner with feldsher and medical nurse of general practice. The complex general practice team can include medical registrar. The proposed perspective models permit to implement integrating role of general practitioner and to increase accessibility and efficiency of primary health care.

PMID:35439388 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-270-274

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):264-269. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-264-269.

ABSTRACT

One of important directions in improving effectiveness of out-patient surgical medical care is development of in-patient replacement forms. The purpose of the study. is to investigate volume of surgical work performed in medical organizations providing outpatient care in the Russian Federation in 2010-2019. To evaluate changes in dynamics of number and structure of implemented surgical operations, number of operated patients in subdivisions of medical organizations providing outpatient medical care and in conditions of day-stay hospitals, data from the Federal statistical observation form № 30 for 2010-2019 was analyzed. The statistical and analytical methods were applied. It was established that in the Russian Federation, during 10 years, in subdivisions of medical organizations providing outpatient medical care, the number of implemented operations decreased from 5,639,983 to 4,962,020 (by 12.0%), and the number of operated patients – from 5,277,077 to 4,580,195 (by 13.2%). The structure of surgical interventions performed in medical organizations providing outpatient care has practically not changed (operations on the skin and subcutaneous tissue, oral cavity and maxillo-facial region, female genital organs, musculoskeletal system, organ of vision). The structure of surgical interventions practically had no changes (operations on skin and subcutaneous tissue, oral cavity and maxillo-facial region, female genital organs, musculoskeletal system, organ of vision). During the studied period, the number of operations performed in day-stay hospitals of medical organizations providing outpatient medical care increased from 181,659 to 720,633 (4.0 times), the number of operated patients – from 168,188 to 650,196 (3.9 times). Mainly in day-stay hospitals, operations are performed on organ of vision, female genital organs, skin and subcutaneous tissue. In 2010-2019, the percentage of operations performed in subdivisions of medical organizations providing outpatient medical care, decreased from 96.9% to 87.3%, and in day-stay hospitals increased from 3.1% to 12.7%. The study results testify expansion of volumes of surgical work in day-stay hospitals of medical organizations providing outpatient medical care.

PMID:35439387 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-264-269

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):185-194. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-185-194.

ABSTRACT

The article presents current trends in reproductive demographic process economically developed countries. Today, the total fertility rate in all European countries is below the minimum required to ensure population reproduction in long term – 2.1 children per woman during her life. According statistic data, 4.167 million children were born in the EU in 2019 that corresponds to 9.3 births per 1000 of population. In the EU, 1.53 children went to one woman in 2019 (in 2018 – 1.54). The lowest total fertility rates in 2019 were registered in Malta (1.14), Spain (1.23) and Italy (1.27). In the United States, fall of rate of childless women with higher education disputes well-established observation of positive relationship between education and childlessness. The infertility affects approximately 8-12% of couples worldwide, at that in developed countries, up to 15% of all couples are infertile. In connection with the problem of birth rate reduction in developed countries, researchers highlight such problems as increasing of average age of mothers at delivery (30-35 years and older) and intervals between labors, development of subsidiary reproductive technologies, pregnancy outcomes, newborns health in short and long perspective. The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in resources deficiency, complexities with medical services support related to reproductive health, risks for maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. However, actually still there is no complete picture of pandemic impact on global indices of reproductive demographic process.

PMID:35439373 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-185-194

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2022 Mar;30(2):232-238. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-232-238.

ABSTRACT

The diseases of digestive apparatus significantly contribute into premature mortality of population. In the Republic of Buryatia, the diseases of digestive apparatus occupy third place in the structure of primary morbidity of population (6.7%) and fourth place in the structure of total mortality (6.6%). The purpose of the study is to establish characteristics of structure and dynamics of morbidity and mortality of population because of diseases of digestive apparatus in the Republic of Buryatia in 2009-2018. The analysis was based on data from state statistical reporting forms and official reports of the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service in Republic of Buryatia for 2009-2018, reporting and accounting forms of medical organizations. The study was carried out using statistical, analytical methods, as well as elements of comparative analysis. The analysis testifies increasing of indicator of primary morbidity of diseases of digestive apparatus from 4051.0 to 4226.1 per 100 thousand of population and of mortality of diseases of digestive apparatus in the Republic of Buryatia from 60.6 to 62.5 per 100 thousand of population. The main causes of increasing of morbidity and mortality from diseases of digestive apparatus in the Republic of Buryatia are liver diseases, in particular liver fibrosis and cirrhosis because of alcoholization of population, undue diagnostics and treatment of liver pathology in the group “older than able-bodied age”.

PMID:35439381 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-232-238