Tag: nevin manimala

J Phys Chem A. 2022 Aug 25. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04349. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Feynman’s imaginary time path integral formalism of quantum statistical mechanics and the corresponding quantum-classical isomorphism provide a tangible way of incorporating nuclear quantum effect (NQE) in the simulation of condensed matter systems using well-developed classical simulation techniques. Our previous work has presented the many-body coarse-graining of path integral (CG-PI) theory that builds an isomorphism between the quantum partition function of N distinguishable particles and the classical partition function of 2N pseudoparticles. In this present work, we develop a generalized version of the many-body CG-PI theory that incorporates many-body interactions in the force field. Based on the new derivation, we provide a numerical CG-PI (n-CG-PI) modeling strategy parametrized from the underlying path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) trajectories using force matching and Boltzmann inversion. The n-CG-PI models for two liquid systems are shown to capture well both the intramolecular and intermolecular structural correlations of the reference PIMD simulations. The generalized derivation of the many-body CG-PI theory and the n-CG-PI model presented in this work extend the scope of the CG-PI formalism by generalizing the previously limited theory to incorporate force fields of realistic molecular systems.

PMID:36007243 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04349

Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2022 Aug 25:1-8. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2112237. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We investigated potential predictive factors for visual prognosis in Japanese patients with endogenous endophthalmitis.

DESIGN: Retrospective observational multicenter cohort study.

METHODS: We examined the characteristics of 77 Japanese patients with endogenous endophthalmitis and performed statistical analyses of these real-world data. The primary endpoint was the identification of factors associated with visual prognosis. We examined differences between patients in the better vision and legal blindness groups at 12 weeks after treatment initiation.

RESULTS: The five risk factors for visual impairment at 12 weeks after treatment initiation were presence of pressure injuries, severe clinical symptoms (presence of eye pain and ciliary injection), pathogen identification, and poor best-corrected visual acuity at baseline. Staphylococcus aureus and fungus were associated with a better visual impairment outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous endophthalmitis remains a severe ocular infection; however, it can be managed with rapid treatments, as well as other advances in medical knowledge and technology.

PMID:36007241 | DOI:10.1080/09273948.2022.2112237

Brief Bioinform. 2022 Aug 26:bbac328. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbac328. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Statistical and machine learning techniques based on relative abundances have been used to predict health conditions and to identify microbial biomarkers. However, high dimensionality, sparsity and the compositional nature of microbiome data represent statistical challenges. On the other hand, the taxon grouping allows summarizing microbiome abundance with a coarser resolution in a lower dimension, but it presents new challenges when correlating taxa with a disease. In this work, we present a novel approach that groups Operational Taxonomical Units (OTUs) based only on relative abundances as an alternative to taxon grouping. The proposed procedure acknowledges the compositional data making use of principal balances. The identified groups are called Principal Microbial Groups (PMGs). The procedure reduces the need for user-defined aggregation of $textrm{OTU}$s and offers the possibility of working with coarse group of $textrm{OTU}$s, which are not present in a phylogenetic tree. PMGs can be used for two different goals: (1) as a dimensionality reduction method for compositional data, (2) as an aggregation procedure that provides an alternative to taxon grouping for construction of microbial balances afterward used for disease prediction. We illustrate the procedure with a cirrhosis study data. PMGs provide a coherent data analysis for the search of biomarkers in human microbiota. The source code and demo data for PMGs are available at: https://github.com/asliboyraz/PMGs.

PMID:36007229 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbac328

JCO Oncol Pract. 2022 Aug 25:OP2200163. doi: 10.1200/OP.22.00163. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Acute palliative care units (APCUs) are inpatient services in tertiary hospitals that provide intensive symptom management and assist in hospital discharge for transitions to hospice care. We aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of operating an APCU at a comprehensive cancer center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,440 consecutive patients admitted to the APCU and analyzed demographic and clinical information, discharge outcomes, symptom assessments using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, spiritual distress, and financial distress.

RESULTS: The median age of patients was 67.0 (range, 23-97) years, and 41% were female. The most common primary cancer types were lung (21.9%), hepatopancreatobiliary (14.1%), and colorectal cancers (12.9%). The median length of stay was 8.0 days (range, 1-60 days), and 31.0% of patients died in the APCU. Death in the APCU showed a significant decrease over time, and overall inpatient death in oncology wards did not increase after APCU opening. In total, 44.7% of patients were discharged to government-certified hospice centers. The proportion of patients discharged to certified hospice centers increased from 32.2% in 2015 to 62.4% in 2018. Among 715 patients with a follow-up evaluation 1 week after admission, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System symptom scores, spiritual distress, and financial distress showed statistically significant improvements compared with the baseline symptom scores (P < .001). This improvement was limited to patients who did not die in the APCU.

CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced cancer admitted to the APCU may experience significant improvements in distressing symptoms. The majority of patients requiring transition to hospice were successfully transferred to certified hospice centers. The percentage discharged alive improved over time.

PMID:36007209 | DOI:10.1200/OP.22.00163

Am J Public Health. 2022 Aug 25:e1-e9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306964. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives. To examine trends in partisan polarization of childhood vaccine bills and the impact of polarization on bill passage in the United States. Methods. We performed content analysis on 1497 US state bills (1995-2020) and obtained voting returns for 228 legislative votes (2011‒2020). We performed descriptive and statistical analyses using 2 measures of polarization. Results. Vote polarization rose more rapidly for immunization than abortion or veterans’ affairs bills. Bills in 2019-2020 were more than 7 times more likely to be polarized than in 1995-1996 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.54, 13.99). Bills related to public health emergencies were more polarized (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.13, 2.75). Sponsor polarization was associated with 34% lower odds of passage (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.42, 1.03). Conclusions. State lawmakers were more divided on vaccine policy, but partisan bills were less likely to pass. Bill characteristics associated with lower polarization could signal opportunities for future bipartisanship. Public Health Implications. Increasing partisan polarization could alter state-level vaccine policies in ways that jeopardize childhood immunization rates or weaken responsiveness during public health emergencies. Authorities should look for areas of bipartisan agreement on how to maintain vaccination rates. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 25, 2022:e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306964).

PMID:36007205 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2022.306964

Nurs Educ Perspect. 2022 Aug 23. doi: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

An end-of-semester course -reporting strategy serves as one component of an overall curriculum evaluation plan. A framework specifying reporting criteria is used to guide the process. Report elements include integration of concepts in clinical, descriptions of active classroom learning strategies, testing data on concept performance, and exam statistics. Grade distribution and standardized testing scores are also reported. The report-out strategy has helped identify curricular strengths and weaknesses, encouraged instructional collaboration among faculty, informed decision-making, and contributed significantly to a successful curriculum transformation. The strategy has supported improved program outcomes in standardized testing scores and licensure pass rates.

PMID:36007099 | DOI:10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001025

Am Surg. 2022 Aug 25:31348221121550. doi: 10.1177/00031348221121550. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric illnesses affect outcomes in trauma. Studies have examined the relationship between depression, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental disorders with trauma, yet few have examined attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder has been suggested to increase the risk of injury, but severity and outcomes of the injury are not frequently studied. The relationship of additional psychiatric disorders in patients with ADHD to traumatic injury was also examined in this study.

METHODS: A 5-year retrospective analysis was performed using the trauma registry of an urban ACS verified level 1 trauma center. Patients with ADHD were separated into ADHD Only and ADHD+ (having additional psychiatric comorbidities) and compared to a matched population of non-ADHD patients and patients with non-ADHD psychiatric disorders to analyze their demographics and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data as appropriate.

RESULTS: Seventy-three patients with ADHD were identified, with over half having additional psychiatric comorbidities (58.9%). The majority of ADHD patients were White (54.8%) vs Black (61.6%) at admission. At admission non-ADHD patients had significantly fewer psychiatric comorbidities (11%) compared to ADHD patients (58.9%). ADHD with psychiatric comorbidities patients had significantly higher ISS and longer hospital LOS. However, GCS and ICU LOS were not different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ADHD were significantly more likely to have psychiatric comorbidities and experience worse outcomes compared to patients without ADHD.

PMID:36007143 | DOI:10.1177/00031348221121550

Nurs Educ Perspect. 2022 Aug 12. doi: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001024. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Co-facilitation (combining presence and expertise of clinical faculty and simulationists during all stages of simulation) presents an opportunity to improve student perceptions of effectiveness. Using a retrospective before and after comparison, data on students’ perceptions were collected from baccalaureate nursing students in clinical courses after each simulation experience. Mean differences in Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified scores for pre- and post-implementation were compared, as well as scores between levels of students. Statistically significant improvements in student-rated simulation effectiveness were found with co-facilitation. The authors recommend future studies expanding this methodology and considering co-facilitation where feasible.

PMID:36007096 | DOI:10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001024

PLoS One. 2022 Aug 25;17(8):e0272999. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272999. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost all the sectors including agriculture in the country. The present paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on both wholesale and retail prices of major pulses in India. The daily wholesale and retail price data on five major pulses namely Lentil, Moong, Arhar, Urad and Gram are collected for five major markets in India namely Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Hyderabad during the period January, 2019 to September, 2020 from Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of India. The Government of India declared nationwide lockdown since March, 24, to May, 31, 2020 in different phases in order to restrict the spread of the infection due to COVID-19. To see the impact of lockdown on price and price volatility, time series model namely Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model with error following Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) model incorporating exogenous variable as lockdown dummy in both mean as well variance equations. It is observed that in almost all the markets, lockdown has significant impact on price of the pulses whereas in few cases, it has significant impact on price volatility.

PMID:36007088 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272999

PLoS One. 2022 Aug 25;17(8):e0272849. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272849. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Institutional delivery is crucial to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality as well as serious morbidities. However, in Ethiopia, home delivery (attended by an unskilled birth attendant) after antenatal care (ANC) visit is highly in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial variation and determinants of home delivery after antenatal care visits in Ethiopia.

METHOD: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 mini Ethiopian demographic and health survey. A total of 2,923 women who had ANC visits were included. Spatial analysis was done by using GIS 10.7 and SaTscan 9.6. The risk areas for home delivery from GIS and spatial scan statistics results were reported. A multi-level logistic regression model was fitted using Stata14 to identify individual and community-level factors associated with home delivery after ANC visit. Finally, AOR with 95% CI and random effects were reported.

RESULT: Home delivery after ANC visit was spatially clustered in Ethiopia(Moran’s index = 0.52, p-value <0.01). The primary clusters were detected in Oromia and SNNP region (LLR = 37.48, p < 0.001 and RR = 2.30) and secondary clusters were located in Benishangul Gumuz, Amhara, Tigray and Afar (LLR = 29.45, p<0.001 and RR = 1.54). Being rural resident (AOR = 2.52; 95%CI 1.09-5.78), having no formal education (AOR = 3.19;95% CI 1.11-9.16), being in the poor (AOR = 2.20;95%CI 1.51-3.22) and middle wealth index (AOR = 2.07;95% CI 1.44-2.98), having one ANC visit (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI 1.41-4.94), and living in the agrarian region (AOR = 3.63; 95%CI 1.03-12.77) had increased the odds of home delivery after ANC visit.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Home delivery after ANC visit was spatially clustered in Ethiopia. Factors like maternal education, wealth index, number of ANC visits, residency and region were significantly associated with home delivery after ANC visit. Therefore, it is better to increase the number of ANC contact by giving health education, especially for women with low levels of education and better to improve the wealth status of women. A special strategy is also vital to reduce home delivery after ANC visit in those high-risk regions.

PMID:36007083 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272849