Tag: nevin manimala

Anat Sci Int. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s12565-022-00687-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The anatomy of the superior orbital fissure is very important because of the spaces it connects, the regions it is adjacent to, and the structures it contains. We aimed to study the width, length and types of the structure, their change according to gender, body sides, and age. The fissure shape has many variations that are not easy to systematize. Therefore, it was aimed to classify them with various reference points determined for the first time, identify their types and determine their incidence. An objective and comprehensive classification was used on 3-dimensional images using multidetector computed tomography. We retrospectively evaluated the orbit and paranasal sinus computerized tomography images of 200 individuals (age range: 3 months-90 years;106 female, 94 male). The shape of fissure were identified and classified, it is length and width were measured. There was no statistical difference in the length of the fissure according to gender on both sides, and in width only on the left (p˃0.05). On the right side, it was statistically significantly wider in female (p˂0.05). While the fissure types were grouped based on observation in the literature, they were defined more comprehensively according to different shape features by giving a certain reference lines by us for the first time and evaluated over seven types. The most common shape for both sides was racket-shaped type (right: 24.5%, left: 26%), while the least common was narrow type (right: 1%, left: 2%). Thus, the shape variations of structure have gained a systematic typing criterion for the first time with the definitions in our study.

PMID:36169800 | DOI:10.1007/s12565-022-00687-2

Qual Life Res. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03262-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: In order to enable cost-utility analysis of shoulder pain conditions and treatments, this study aimed to develop and evaluate mapping algorithms to estimate the EQ-5D health index from the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) when health outcomes are only assessed with the OSS.

METHODS: 5437 paired OSS and EQ-5D questionnaire responses from four national multicentre randomised controlled trials investigating different shoulder pathologies and treatments were split into training and testing samples. Separate EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L analyses were undertaken. Transfer to utility (TTU) regression (univariate linear, polynomial, spline, multivariable linear, two-part logistic-linear, tobit and adjusted limited dependent variable mixture models) and response mapping (ordered logistic regression and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR)) models were developed on the training sample. These were internally validated, and their performance evaluated on the testing sample. Model performance was evaluated over 100-fold repeated training-testing sample splits.

RESULTS: For the EQ-5D-3L analysis, the multivariable linear and splines models had the lowest mean square error (MSE) of 0.0415. The SUR model had the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.136. Model performance was greatest in the mid-range and best health states, and lowest in poor health states. For the EQ-5D-5L analyses, the multivariable linear and splines models had the lowest MSE (0.0241-0.0278) while the SUR models had the lowest MAE (0.105-0.113).

CONCLUSION: The developed models now allow accurate estimation of the EQ-5D health index when only the OSS responses are available as a measure of patient-reported health outcome.

PMID:36169788 | DOI:10.1007/s11136-022-03262-4

AIDS Behav. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s10461-022-03825-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In a cross-sectional survey from 21 February to 6 March, 2020, we analyzed the awareness and utilization of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs)-related services among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guangzhou, China. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed among those who needed to go to hospital to access their drugs, and we explored the association between the awareness of ARVs-related services and the accessibility of ARVs. Of 375 participants, 89.9% were aware of drug-borrowing service, 90.7% were aware of drug-delivery service and 86.9% were aware of information-assistance service. Knowing about the drug-borrowing service or the information-assistance service, knowing about at least two services and knowing about all of the three services were all positively associated with ARVs accessibility. In addition, 35 (39.3%) of those who had acquired their drugs on time received them via the drug-delivery service. To some extent, the three ARVs-related services have alleviated the difficulties in accessing ARVs during the pandemic, especially the drug-delivery service.

PMID:36169780 | DOI:10.1007/s10461-022-03825-z

Arch Sex Behav. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02407-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recently, with the increase in demand, multiple intervention proposals aimed at improving the sexual health of people with intellectual disabilities have emerged. Among them is the SALUDIVERSEX program, which takes a positive approach to sexuality. It has an extended version, consisting of 16 sessions and whose efficacy has already been proven, and a reduced version of 10 sessions. Thus, the present study aimed to test the differential efficacy of the two versions. A total of 208 participants (103 women and 105 men) aged between 19 and 67 years (M = 37.23, SD = 10.66) completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses showed that users who participated in the reduced version of the program presented a significantly higher rate of improvement in their sexual behaviors compared to those who participated in the extended version (Sexual response: β₁₀ = – 0.46 ± 0.19, p = .034; Sex practices: β₁₀ = – 0.52 ± 0.23, p = .037; Use condoms: β₁₀ = – 1.56 ± 0.59, p = .017), as well as a significantly higher decrease in the risk of suffering sexual abuse (β₁₀ = 3.95 ± 0.64, p < .001). However, no statistically significant differences in sexuality knowledge were obtained with respect to the improvement between the two versions (β₁₀ = – 0.09 ± 1.21, p = .94). Meanwhile, the professionals who applied the program found that those who participated in the reduced version, although they presented a significantly greater increase in their knowledge about privacy (β₁₀ = – 0.48 ± 0.08, p < .001), did not improve their concerns about their inappropriate sexual behaviors as much as the users of the extended version (β₁₀ = – 1.35 ± 0.21, p < .001). Thus, although both versions were effective, the reduced version seems to do so to a greater extent and in a shorter time, which makes it the more recommendable option.

PMID:36169777 | DOI:10.1007/s10508-022-02407-3

AIDS Care. 2022 Sep 28:1-10. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2125159. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Psychosocial support (PSS) to caregivers of HIV-infected infants on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial to ensure ART adherence and sustained long-term viral suppression in children. A specific approach including tools to monitor and understand adherence behavior and risk factors that prevent optimal treatment compliance are urgently needed. This qualitative exploratory study, conducted in southern Mozambique, monitored the infants’ viral response trajectories during 18 months follow-up, as a measure of adherence, reviewed the caregiver’s PSS session notes and the answers to a study questionnaire, to analyze whether the standard PSS checklist applied to infants’ caregivers can identify barriers influencing their adherence. Only 9 of 31 infants had sustained virologic response. Reported factors affecting adherence were: difficulties in drugs administration, shared responsibility to administer treatment; disclosure of child’s HIV status to family members but lack of engagement; mother’s ART interruption and poor viral response. In conclusion, we found that the standard PSS approach alone, applied to caregivers, was lacking focus on many relevant matters that were identified by the study questionnaire. A comprehensive patient-centered PSS package of care, including an adherence risk factor monitoring tool, tailored to caregivers and their children must be developed.

PMID:36169018 | DOI:10.1080/09540121.2022.2125159

Transfus Med. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/tme.12920. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This survey aims to assess the scope of transfusion e-learning courses in blood establishments and transfusion services internationally.

BACKGROUND: E-learning/online education is increasingly used in the education of medical professionals. There is limited published data on the use of e-learning for transfusion medicine.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An International survey was designed and distributed to all members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion to assess utilisation of e-learning in their institutions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results.

RESULTS: A total of 177 respondents participated, 68 of which had e-learning modules in their institutions. Approximately two-thirds of the courses were developed in-house (66%), and 63% are available to learners from outside the host institutions. In one-third of institutions, these courses were established during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 15% had used e-learning courses for more than 10 years. The courses target different audiences and topics ranging from blood donation to hemovigilance. The most common audiences were physicians (71%), laboratory scientists/technologists (69%) and transfusion practitioners (63%). Formal assessment of learning outcomes is used in 70% of the programs.

CONCLUSIONS: The survey demonstrates the widespread use of e-learning courses in transfusion education, with a substantial proportion being developed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PMID:36169016 | DOI:10.1111/tme.12920

Psychol Med. 2022 Sep 28:1-16. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722002896. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Given psychotic illnesses’ high heritability and associations with brain structure, numerous neuroimaging-genetics findings have been reported in the last two decades. However, few findings have been replicated. In the present independent sample we aimed to replicate any psychosis-implicated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which had previously shown at least two main effects on brain volume.

METHODS: A systematic review for SNPs showing a replicated effect on brain volume yielded 25 studies implicating seven SNPs in five genes. Their effect was then tested in 113 subjects with either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ‘at risk mental state’ or healthy state, for whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) associations with grey and white matter volume changes, using voxel-based morphometry.

RESULTS: We found FWER-corrected (Family-wise error rate) (i.e. statistically significant) associations of: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger bilateral hippocampus and thalamus white matter, across the whole brain; and (2) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger superior frontal gyrus, as ROI. Higher replication concordance with existing literature was found, in decreasing order, for: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A, with larger dorsolateral-prefrontal/superior frontal gyrus and hippocampi (both with anatomical and directional concordance); (2) ZNF804A-rs11681373-A, with smaller angular gyrus grey matter and rectus gyri white matter (both with anatomical and directional concordance); and (3) BDNF-rs6265-T with superior frontal and middle cingulate gyri volume change (with anatomical and allelic concordance).

CONCLUSIONS: Most literature findings were not herein replicated. Nevertheless, high degree/likelihood of replication was found for two genome-wide association studies- and one candidate-implicated SNPs, supporting their involvement in psychosis and brain structure.

PMID:36168994 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291722002896

Mol Ecol. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/mec.16708. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The endosymbiosis between most corals and their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners begins early in the host life history, when corals are larvae or juvenile polyps. The capacity of coral larvae to buffer climate-induced stress while in the process of symbiont acquisition could come with physiological trade-offs that alter behavior, development, settlement and survivorship. Here we examined the joint effects of thermal stress and symbiosis onset on colonization dynamics, survival, metamorphosis and host gene expression of Acropora digitifera larvae. We found that thermal stress decreased symbiont colonization of hosts by 50% and symbiont density by 98.5% over two weeks. Temperature and colonization also influenced larval survival and metamorphosis in an additive manner, where colonized larvae fared worse or prematurely metamorphosed more often than non-colonized larvae under thermal stress. Transcriptomic responses to colonization and thermal stress treatments were largely independent, while the interaction of these treatments revealed contrasting expression profiles of genes that function in the stress response, immunity, inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The combined treatment either canceled or lowered the magnitude of expression of heat-stress responsive genes in the presence of symbionts, revealing a physiological cost to acquiring symbionts at the larval stage with elevated temperatures. In addition, host immune suppression, a hallmark of symbiosis onset under ambient temperature, turned to immune activation under heat stress. Thus, by integrating the physical environment and biotic pressures that mediate pre-settlement event in corals, our results suggest that colonization may hinder larval survival and recruitment under projected climate scenarios.

PMID:36168983 | DOI:10.1111/mec.16708

Orthop Surg. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/os.13496. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes during the pathological progress of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a key event marking the development of the disease. The age varying alteration patterns within entire osteochondral unit remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find a reasonable age range of the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig model for the studying of KOA pathological process, and to investigate Intraosseous pressure (IOP) in the process during different degeneration stages of KOA.

METHODS: Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were selected and divided into groups of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months old by age, 10 in each group. All knees underwent imaging examination including X-ray, Micro-CT and MRI. Observed the imaging findings with the use of Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification and knee osteoarthritis MRI scores. Measured the IOP of distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) in each group, and observed the differences of bilateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage in histological and immunohistochemistry, staining results were evaluated by using Mankin’s score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare the differences indicators between groups.

RESULTS: With the increase of age, changes in X-ray, Micro-CT and MRI imaging findings and pathological staining results of articular cartilage in all stages were consistent with the changing of degenerative KOA process. The IOP of DF and PT increased gradually with age, and reached its peak in 12-month age group, and then gradually decreased, there was a statistically significant difference of IOP between each group. The IOP of DF was slightly higher than that of PT, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs can be used as an animal model to study different pathological stages of KOA. There might be a correlation between the changes of IOP and the pathological progress of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in DF and PT.

PMID:36168980 | DOI:10.1111/os.13496

Glob Chang Biol. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16391. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Human populations near ecosystems are used as both a proxy for dependency on ecosystems, and conversely to estimate threats. Consequently, the number of people living near coral reefs is often used in regional coral reef management, evaluation of risk at regional and global scales, and even considerations of funding needs. Human populations and their statistics, are ever-changing and data relating to coral reefs have not been updated regularly. Here, we present an up-to-date analysis of the abundance, and density of people living within 5-100 km of coral reef ecosystems along with population proportion, using freely available data sets and replicable methods. We present trends of changes in human populations living near coral reefs over a 20-year time period (2000-2020), divided by region and country, along with socio-economic denominations such as country income category and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). We find that across 117 coral reef countries there are currently close to a billion people living within 100 km of a coral reef (~13% of the global population) compared with 762 million people in 2000. Population growth by coral reefs is higher than global averages. The Indian Ocean saw a 33% increase in populations within 100 km of a coral reef and 71% at 5 km. There are 60 countries with 100% of their population within 100 km of coral reefs. In SIDS, the proportion of the total population within 100 km of a coral reef is extremely high: 94% in 2020. Population density 5-10 km from coral reefs is 4× the global average. From 5 to 100 km, more people from lower-middle-income countries live by coral reefs than any other income category. Our findings provide the most up-to-date and extensive statistics on the regional and nation-level differences in population trends that play a large role in coral reef health and survival.

PMID:36168958 | DOI:10.1111/gcb.16391