Tag: nevin manimala

Mol Ecol. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/mec.16708. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The endosymbiosis between most corals and their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners begins early in the host life history, when corals are larvae or juvenile polyps. The capacity of coral larvae to buffer climate-induced stress while in the process of symbiont acquisition could come with physiological trade-offs that alter behavior, development, settlement and survivorship. Here we examined the joint effects of thermal stress and symbiosis onset on colonization dynamics, survival, metamorphosis and host gene expression of Acropora digitifera larvae. We found that thermal stress decreased symbiont colonization of hosts by 50% and symbiont density by 98.5% over two weeks. Temperature and colonization also influenced larval survival and metamorphosis in an additive manner, where colonized larvae fared worse or prematurely metamorphosed more often than non-colonized larvae under thermal stress. Transcriptomic responses to colonization and thermal stress treatments were largely independent, while the interaction of these treatments revealed contrasting expression profiles of genes that function in the stress response, immunity, inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The combined treatment either canceled or lowered the magnitude of expression of heat-stress responsive genes in the presence of symbionts, revealing a physiological cost to acquiring symbionts at the larval stage with elevated temperatures. In addition, host immune suppression, a hallmark of symbiosis onset under ambient temperature, turned to immune activation under heat stress. Thus, by integrating the physical environment and biotic pressures that mediate pre-settlement event in corals, our results suggest that colonization may hinder larval survival and recruitment under projected climate scenarios.

PMID:36168983 | DOI:10.1111/mec.16708

Orthop Surg. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/os.13496. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes during the pathological progress of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a key event marking the development of the disease. The age varying alteration patterns within entire osteochondral unit remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find a reasonable age range of the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig model for the studying of KOA pathological process, and to investigate Intraosseous pressure (IOP) in the process during different degeneration stages of KOA.

METHODS: Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were selected and divided into groups of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months old by age, 10 in each group. All knees underwent imaging examination including X-ray, Micro-CT and MRI. Observed the imaging findings with the use of Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification and knee osteoarthritis MRI scores. Measured the IOP of distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) in each group, and observed the differences of bilateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage in histological and immunohistochemistry, staining results were evaluated by using Mankin’s score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare the differences indicators between groups.

RESULTS: With the increase of age, changes in X-ray, Micro-CT and MRI imaging findings and pathological staining results of articular cartilage in all stages were consistent with the changing of degenerative KOA process. The IOP of DF and PT increased gradually with age, and reached its peak in 12-month age group, and then gradually decreased, there was a statistically significant difference of IOP between each group. The IOP of DF was slightly higher than that of PT, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs can be used as an animal model to study different pathological stages of KOA. There might be a correlation between the changes of IOP and the pathological progress of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in DF and PT.

PMID:36168980 | DOI:10.1111/os.13496

Glob Chang Biol. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16391. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Human populations near ecosystems are used as both a proxy for dependency on ecosystems, and conversely to estimate threats. Consequently, the number of people living near coral reefs is often used in regional coral reef management, evaluation of risk at regional and global scales, and even considerations of funding needs. Human populations and their statistics, are ever-changing and data relating to coral reefs have not been updated regularly. Here, we present an up-to-date analysis of the abundance, and density of people living within 5-100 km of coral reef ecosystems along with population proportion, using freely available data sets and replicable methods. We present trends of changes in human populations living near coral reefs over a 20-year time period (2000-2020), divided by region and country, along with socio-economic denominations such as country income category and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). We find that across 117 coral reef countries there are currently close to a billion people living within 100 km of a coral reef (~13% of the global population) compared with 762 million people in 2000. Population growth by coral reefs is higher than global averages. The Indian Ocean saw a 33% increase in populations within 100 km of a coral reef and 71% at 5 km. There are 60 countries with 100% of their population within 100 km of coral reefs. In SIDS, the proportion of the total population within 100 km of a coral reef is extremely high: 94% in 2020. Population density 5-10 km from coral reefs is 4× the global average. From 5 to 100 km, more people from lower-middle-income countries live by coral reefs than any other income category. Our findings provide the most up-to-date and extensive statistics on the regional and nation-level differences in population trends that play a large role in coral reef health and survival.

PMID:36168958 | DOI:10.1111/gcb.16391

Brain Behav. 2022 Sep 28:e2753. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2753. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that inflammation influences mental health. Blood interleukin levels, which regulate inflammation, have been linked to aggression and internalizing behaviors. We performed a hypothesis-driven genetic study to (1) evaluate the association of IL1B, IL2, and IL6 gene variants with aggression and internalizing behaviors and (2) explore gene-environment interactions with childhood adversity in a deeply phenotyped childhood-onset aggression sample including 255 cases and 226 controls of European ancestry.

METHODS: We evaluated the association of putative functional and tag SNPs within IL1B, IL2, and IL6 with aggression case status, parent-reported internalizing problems, self-reported anxiety symptoms, and self-reported depressive symptoms in our sample. We also performed exploratory GxE analyses within cases, testing for statistical interaction between interleukin SNP genotype and childhood adversity for depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: No significant association was observed between any of the interleukin SNPs and childhood-onset aggression. We observed association of IL6 variant rs2069827 with depressive symptoms (p = 7.15×10^-4 ), and trends for an interaction between severe childhood adversity and SNPs in IL1B and IL2 for depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide preliminary evidence that common variation in IL6 may be associated with depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, and that common variation in interleukin genes may sensitize individuals to the depressogenic effects of traumatic life experiences. Replication in independent samples is needed.

PMID:36168941 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2753

Brief Bioinform. 2022 Sep 27:bbac390. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbac390. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

More and more evidence indicates that the dysregulations of microRNAs (miRNAs) lead to diseases through various kinds of underlying mechanisms. Identifying the multiple types of disease-related miRNAs plays an important role in studying the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in diseases. Moreover, compared with traditional biological experiments, computational models are time-saving and cost-minimized. However, most tensor-based computational models still face three main challenges: (i) easy to fall into bad local minima; (ii) preservation of high-order relations; (iii) false-negative samples. To this end, we propose a novel tensor completion framework integrating self-paced learning, hypergraph regularization and adaptive weight tensor into nonnegative tensor factorization, called SPLDHyperAWNTF, for the discovery of potential multiple types of miRNA-disease associations. We first combine self-paced learning with nonnegative tensor factorization to effectively alleviate the model from falling into bad local minima. Then, hypergraphs for miRNAs and diseases are constructed, and hypergraph regularization is used to preserve the high-order complex relations of these hypergraphs. Finally, we innovatively introduce adaptive weight tensor, which can effectively alleviate the impact of false-negative samples on the prediction performance. The average results of 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validation on four datasets show that SPLDHyperAWNTF can achieve better prediction performance than baseline models in terms of Top-1 precision, Top-1 recall and Top-1 F1. Furthermore, we implement case studies to further evaluate the accuracy of SPLDHyperAWNTF. As a result, 98 (MDAv2.0) and 98 (MDAv2.0-2) of top-100 are confirmed by HMDDv3.2 dataset. Moreover, the results of enrichment analysis illustrate that unconfirmed potential associations have biological significance.

PMID:36168938 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbac390

J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Sep 28:1-7. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2125294. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Circular RNA_0072995 (Circ_0072995) is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers; however, no study has investigated its role in cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the function of circ_0072995 in cervical cancer. Normal human cervical epithelial cells (hCECs), HeLa cells, and forty female nude BALB/c mice were used. Immunohistochemistry, invasion assays, flow cytometric analysis, luciferase assays, and tumour volume measurements were performed to explore the potential mechanism. Circ_0072995 was significantly up-regulated in cancer tissues, and its level was markedly correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system (FIGO) staging. In vitro studies revealed that circ_0072995 interacts with miR-29a to induce WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) expression and promotes the proliferation and invasion of cells, but inhibits apoptosis of cells. Knockdown of circ_0072995 or WDR5, or overexpression of miR-29a significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo. In conclusion, circ_0072995 promoted cervical cancer development by inducing miR-29a-mediated WDR5 expression.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Global Cancer Statistics 2020 estimated that there were 1 021,494 new cases of cervical cancer and 439 201 deaths from cervical cancer. Circ_0072995 was first shown to promote breast cancer development in 2018. Subsequent studies have revealed that circ_0072995 is also involved in the development of other cancers, including epithelial ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no studies have explored the association between circ_0072995 and cervical cancer.What do the results of this study add? We hypothesized that circ_0072995 drives cervical cancer development by sponging miRNAs and inducing the expression of key factors involved in tumorigenesis. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated the role of circ_0072995 in cervical cancer and paracancerous tissues and explored the underlying mechanism in both in vitro and in vivo studies.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? For the first time, our study revealed the key role of WDR5 in cervical cancer progression regulated by circ_0072995. We first reported the promoting effects of circ_0072995 in cervical cancer development by inducing miR-29a mediated WDR5 expression and also revealed the therapeutic potential of circ_0072995, miR-29a, and WDR5 in cervical cancer.

PMID:36168936 | DOI:10.1080/01443615.2022.2125294

Korean J Fam Med. 2022 Sep;43(5):327-333. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0005. Epub 2022 Sep 20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In addition to its antidiabetic effects, metformin has pleiotropic effects, such as the inhibition of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between metformin use and pancreatic cancer risk in the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Health Screening Cohort (HEALS).

METHODS: Of the individuals in the Korean NHIS-HEALS, 29,271 men and 19,091 women were included in the final analysis after propensity score matching based on age, body mass index, and smoking status. The study population was categorized into three groups: metformin non-users with diabetes mellitus (DM), metformin users with DM, and non-diabetic users. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between metformin use and pancreatic cancer.

RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 12.9 years. The estimated pancreatic cancer incidence was highest in metformin users with DM, regardless of sex (P<0.001), and lowest in non-diabetic men and female metformin non-users (P=0.053). The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for pancreatic cancer incidence in metformin users and non-diabetic individuals were 1.116 (0.648-1.923) and 0.447 (0.259-0.771) in men and 2.769 (1.003-7.642) and 1.451 (0.529-3.984) in women, respectively, after full adjustment.

CONCLUSION: Women with diabetes using metformin are at a higher risk of pancreatic cancer than women with diabetes not using metformin. Meanwhile, men with DM using metformin have a similar risk of pancreatic cancer as men with DM not using metformin.

PMID:36168905 | DOI:10.4082/kjfm.22.0005

J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12241. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The spirit drinks industry is one of the largest in the world. Fruit distillates require adequate analysis methods combined with statistical tools to build differentiation models, according to distinct criteria (geographical and botanical origin, producers’ fingerprint, respectively). Over time a database of alcoholic beverages fingerprint can be generated, being very important for products safety and their authenticity control.

RESULTS: To control the distillates’ geographical origin, LDA revealed that the cross-validation classification was correct for 88.2% of samples, but PLS-DA was slightly better suitable for this purpose, with a correct classification rate of 91.2%. LDA effectiveness was proven for the trademark fingerprint differentiation, which was achieved at 93.5%, compared to 89.1% for PLS-DA. The principal predictors obtained by LDA were the same both for geographical origin and producer differentiation: B, δ¹³ C, Na, Cu, Ca and Be, highlighting the fact that in the production process of distillates, each producer used fruits coming from respective specific region. Through PLS-DA, some of the discrimination markers were the same for geographical origin and producers identification, but others were completely specific: the Rare Earth Elements Eu and Er only for geographical origin differentiation, and Cu solely as predictor for producer’s identification. Regarding distillates fruit variety, the correct discrimination rates of plum spirits from the rest were 84.2% for PLS-DA, and 63% for LDA.

CONCLUSION: LDA and PLS-DA were suitable for differentiation models development of fruits spirits according to geographical region, producer and the fruit variety based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36168887 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.12241

Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/pan.14561. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Plethysmographic Variability Index (PVI) can be measured by both finger and forehead probes. Vasoconstriction may jeopardize the reliability of finger PVI measurements in pediatric patients undergoing surgery. However, forehead vasculature exhibits more marked resistance to alterations in the vasomotor tonus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare PVI measured via finger or forehead probes in mechanically ventilated pediatric surgery patients in terms of their ability to predict fluid responsiveness as well as to determine the best cut-off values for these two measurements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing minor elective surgery were included after provision of parental consent and ethics committee approval. Perfusion index measured at the finger or forehead and PVI monitoring comprised the primary assessments. Hemodynamic parameters monitored included perfusion index, PVI, and cardiac output. A ≥ 15% increase in cardiac output following passive leg raise maneuver was considered to show fluid responsiveness. Two groups were defined based on fluid responsiveness: Group R (responsive) and Group NR (non-responsive). Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, DeLong test and ROC were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The area under curve for finger and forehead PVI prior to passive leg raise maneuver were 0.699 (p=0.011) and 0.847 (p < 0.001), respectively. The sensitivity for finger and forehead measurements at a cut-off value of ≤ 14% were 92.9% and 96.4%, and 45.4% and 72.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Although forehead and finger PVI monitoring were similarly sensitive in predicting fluid responsiveness in pediatric surgical patients, the former method provided higher specificity. The best cut-off value for PVI measurements with forehead and finger probes was found to be 14%.

PMID:36168810 | DOI:10.1111/pan.14561

Epilepsia. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/epi.17422. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the effect of intrauterine CBZ exposure on fetal bone development during pregnancy.

METHODS: In the study, 24 female pregnancy rats were used: Wistar. Rats were 20 weeks old. They have an average body weight of 150-200 grams. Pregnancy rats were randomly selected and divided (n=6) into control group, low dose CBZ (10 mg/kg/day) group, medium dose CBZ (25 mg/kg/day) group and high dose CBZ (50 mg/kg/day) group. The ossification length (mm) and ossification area (mm2) of the long bones of the fetuses in the experimental and control groups were calculated. The densities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were analyzed. The ossification regions of the femurs of the fetuses were examined under a light microscope. Microstructural images of the femurs were evaluated with scanning electron microscope photographs. The densities of minerals involved in the ossification process were analyzed.

RESULTS: According to the results of the study, all three doses of CBZ caused loss of ossification areas and it was observed that this bone loss also increased statistically significantly depending on the dose increase (p<0.05). Calcium concentration decreased in the CBZ groups. When the electron microscope images were examined, it was determined that the cartilage matrix of the CBZ groups was thinned. In the histological evaluation of the groups, narrowing of the primary bone collar and smaller bone spicules in the ossification region compared to the control group were noted due to the increase in dose in the CBZ groups. In immunohistochemical staining; ıt was observed that the TRAP and AP expression values ​​of the femurs were the lowest in the CBZ groups. These decreases were also statistically significant when compared with the control group.

SIGNIFICANCE: As a result, it was revealed with both microscopic and macroscopic findings that exposure to intrauterine CBZ negatively affected ossification and bone growth.

PMID:36168801 | DOI:10.1111/epi.17422