Tag: nevin manimala

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022 Sep 23;54(5):315. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03250-3.

ABSTRACT

The co-administration of commercial live fowlpox (FP) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines when given by non-invasive (needle-free) routes was demonstrated to be safe and to elicit immunity in two field studies, one in Tanzania the other in Nepal. Both studies were of a cluster-randomised controlled design in which birds were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: (i) administration with FP vaccine alone (feather follicle), (ii) administration with ND vaccine alone (eye-drop), (iii) concurrent administration of FP (feather follicle) and ND (eye-drop) vaccines, (iv) concurrent administration of FP (wing-web) and ND (eye-drop) vaccines, and (v) unvaccinated, acting as environmental sentinels. Data from a total of 1167 birds from seven villages in Hanang District of Tanzania together with 1037 birds from eleven villages in Dhading District of Nepal were collected over a period of 21 and 28 days, respectively. Immune responses to FP vaccination were evaluated by local take reactions, while those to ND vaccination were evaluated serologically by haemagglutination inhibition test. The two studies demonstrated that the concurrent vaccination of free-range, indigenous breeds of chicken with live FP and ND vaccines, both administered by non-invasive routes, was safe and induced immunity against FP and ND that were non-inferior to the administration of FP and ND vaccines alone. These findings are important to appropriately trained small-scale backyard poultry farmers as well as to paraprofessionals and community health workers helping to increase vaccine uptake and the control of both FP and ND in low- to middle-income countries.

PMID:36149524 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-022-03250-3

Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1007/s10802-022-00962-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Altered sensory processing has been linked to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) in youth, but few studies have examined sensory processing in clinical samples and no study has analyzed self-report data from youth meeting diagnostic criteria for OCD or ADs. This study included 86 youth with OCD, 82 youth with ADs, and 46 youth without psychiatric disorders. Participants completed the adolescent version of the Sensory Profile and scales measuring three symptom dimensions of OCD, four symptom dimensions of anxiety, and symptoms of major depression. Results showed that different forms of sensory processing difficulties (sensitivity, avoidance, low registration) were adequately captured by one broad sensory processing factor. Youth with OCD and ADs reported statistically significantly more sensory difficulties than youth without psychiatric disorders, but the two clinical groups did not differ from each other. Altered sensory processing in the clinical groups was not explained by the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Sensory difficulties were moderately to strongly related to all self-reported symptom dimensions, and uniquely related to the OCD dimension of symmetry/ordering and the anxiety dimensions of panic and social anxiety. Most youth in the clinical groups were classified as having difficulties with sensory processing. The present study shows that sensory processing difficulties are common in youth with OCD and ADs, not explained by co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders, and linked to a host of internalizing symptoms. More research is needed to identify whether sensory processing difficulties precede, follow, or mutually reinforce the development of OCD and ADs in youth.

PMID:36149521 | DOI:10.1007/s10802-022-00962-w

Parasitol Res. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07646-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was determined in meat juice samples of 820 free-living raccoons from Germany. The animals were collected between December 2017 and April 2021. Using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the overall seroprevalence was found to be 48.5%. Statistical analysis revealed significant seroprevalence differences between seasons, sex, and weight of analysed raccoons. The prevalence in late winter/spring (57.7%) was significantly higher than in autumn (38.4%) (p < 0.0003). Male raccoons (50.5%) were more often seropositive than females (41.0%) (p = 0.028). Increasing animal weight had a significant impact on the relative probability of a positive serostatus (odds ratio: 1.783, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we found regional differences in seroprevalence, but there was no statistically significant difference resulting from animal age, degree of habitat urbanization and hunting year. Meat juice is a suitable medium for serological surveys for T. gondii in meat producing animals, as sampling is even possible after slaughter or during meat inspection when blood is no longer available. The observed high seroprevalence indicates that T. gondii infection is widespread among the German raccoon population providing a potentially relevant source of T. gondii transmission to humans upon consumption or handling of animal products.

PMID:36149498 | DOI:10.1007/s00436-022-07646-w

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07657-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the readmission rate after adenotonsillectomy with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and analyze the factors associated with readmission.

METHODS: It was planned as a retrospective study conducted in a single institution that included pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy with OSA diagnosis between December 2018 and March 2021. Patients who were readmitted for bleeding or pain/dehydration were compared with those who did not require readmission.

RESULTS: The mean postoperative admission time was 7.27 ± 3.49 days in patients with bleeding and 3.5 ± 2.27 days in patients with pain or dehydration. The mean length of stay in the hospital was 2.6 ± 1.6 days in patients with bleeding and 3.13 ± 2.03 days in patients with pain or dehydration. The postoperative admission time was 5.96 ± 3.57 days, and the hospital stay after readmission was 2.78 ± 1.73 days. No statistically significant correlation was found in terms of age, gender, surgeon’s experience, use of electrocautery and seasonality factors, and readmission rates.

CONCLUSIONS: In children who underwent adenotonsillectomy for OSA, the hospitalization period of patients hospitalized due to pain/dehydration is much longer than patients admitted with bleeding. Therefore, measures to reduce pain or dehydration have the most significant potential to reduce the readmission rate and length of stay.

PMID:36149489 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07657-4

Eur J Neurol. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/ene.15575. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Advanced analysis of EEG data becomes an essential tool in brain research. Based solely on resting state EEG signals, we present a data-driven, predictive and explanatory approach to discriminating painful from non-painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) patients.

METHODS: Three minutes long, 64 electrode resting-state recordings were obtained from 180 DPN patients. The analysis consisted of a mixture of traditional, explanatory, and machine learning analyses. First, we identified the 10 functional bivariate connections best differentiating between painful and non-painful patients in each EEG band and calculated the relevant ROC. Later, those connections were correlated with selected clinical parameters.

RESULTS: Predictive analysis indicated that theta and beta bands contain most of the information required for discrimination between painful and non-painful polyneuropathy patients, with ROC curve AUC values of 0.93 for theta and 0.89 for beta bands. Assessing statistical differences between the average magnitude of functional connectivity values and clinical pain parameters revealed that painful DPN patients had significantly higher cortical functional connectivity than non-painful ones (p=0.008 for theta and p=0.001 alpha bands). Moreover, intra- band analysis of individual significant functional connections revealed a positive correlation with average reported pain in the previous 3 months in all frequency bands.

CONCLUSIONS: Resting-state EEG functional connectivity can serve as a highly accurate biomarker for the presence or absence of pain in DPN patients. This highlights the importance of the brain, in addition to the peripheral lesions, in generating the clinical pain picture. This tool can likely be extended to other pain syndromes.

PMID:36148823 | DOI:10.1111/ene.15575

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1039/d2cp02523j. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The present work discusses a non-synthetic strategy to achieve a favorable thermoelectric response in pentacene via strain. It is found that a uni-axial strain is capable of inducing spatial anisotropy in the molecule. As a result, the transmission spectrum becomes highly asymmetric under a particular strained scenario, which is the primary requirement to get a favorable thermoelectric response. Different thermoelectric quantities are computed for the strain-induced pentacene using Green’s function formalism following the Landauer-Büttiker prescription. Various scenarios are considered to make the present work more realistic, such as the effects of substrate, coupling strength between the molecule and electrodes, dangling bonds, etc. Such a scheme to enhance the thermoelectric performance in pentacene is technologically intriguing and completely new to the best of our knowledge.

PMID:36148772 | DOI:10.1039/d2cp02523j

Cytopathology. 2022 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/cyt.13182. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cytology histology correlation (CHC) is gold standard quality assurance in cytology laboratories to ensure appropriate patient treatment and as an educational tool for cytology laboratory personnel. If cervical pap smears (CP) and cervical biopsies (CB) are performed at different institutions, these benefits may be lost.

METHODS: All CB performed at our institution from 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019 with adequate CP performed in six months prior to CB were included in this retrospective review. We compared CHC for CP and CB performed at a single institution compared to CHC for CP and CB performed at different institutions, with a focus on proportion of overcalls on CP, as those are most challenging discrepant CHC to manage clinically. We used the American Society of Cytology guidelines for our discrepancy assessment grid. Chi-squared test was used to compare proportions of populations. P-value was set at <0.05.

RESULTS: Of 305 CB in our study population, 69 had CP performed at our institution and 236 had CP performed at an outside institution. CHC for CB and CP performed at a single institution had statistically significantly less disagreement than for those performed at different institutions (p<0.05). Further, CB and CP performed at as single institution had statistically significantly fewer overcalls than CB and CP performed at different institutions (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study further supports the use of CHC and encourages performance of CP and CB as the same institution. If performing CP and CB at the same institution is not feasible, prospective consultation review of CP by institution performing CB should be strongly considered. Further study, including evaluation of reason for discrepancy in discordant cases may be considered to better elucidate reasons for better CHC agreement when CP and CB are performed at the same institution.

PMID:36148769 | DOI:10.1111/cyt.13182

J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20;105:109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

When neurosurgical care is needed, the distance to a facility staffed with a neurosurgeon is critical. This work utilizes geospatial analysis to analyze access to neurosurgery in the Medicare population and relevant socioeconomic factors. Medicare billing and demographic data from 2015 to 2019 were combined with national National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry data to identify the average travel distance to reach a neurosurgeon as well as the number of neurosurgeons in each county. This was merged with U.S. Census data to capture 23 socioeconomic attributes. Moran’s I statistic was calculated across counties. Socioeconomic variables were compared using ANOVA. Hotspots with the highest neurosurgeon access were predominantly located in the Mid-Atlantic region, central Texas, and southern Montana. Coldspots were found in the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southern Texas. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between high- and low-access counties, including: stroke prevalence, poverty, median household income, and total population density. There were no statistically significant differences in most races or ethnicities. Overall, there exist statistically significant clusters of decreased neurosurgery access within the United States, with varying sociodemographic characteristics between access hotspots and coldspots.

PMID:36148727 | DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.001

J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20;105:103-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Identifying early predictors of PSCI to realize timely intervention of PSCI can provide effective information for patient rehabilitation and follow-up treatment, and has important clinical significance for delaying its progression to dementia.

METHODS: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to assess patients’ cognitive and neurological function separately. ELISA was used to analyze serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9) levels of patients on admission.

RESULTS: 180 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were included in the study. After three months of follow-up, 78 patients were diagnosed with PSCI, and 102 patients did not have PSCI. MMP 9 and TIMP 1 were elevated in PSCI patients on admission relative to non-PSCI groups, and they were positively correlated with patients’ NIHSS scores on admission (p < 0.001). Serum levels of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 in PSCI patients were negatively correlated with MoCA scores at the end of the 3-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Serum MMP 9 (p < 0.001), TIMP 1 (p = 0.02) and combined detection (p < 0.001) of AIS patients at admission appear to have predictive value for the diagnosis of PSCI three months later.

CONCLUSION: Serum MMP 9 and TIMP 1 levels in stroke patients were statistically predictive of PSCI.

PMID:36148726 | DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.002

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2022 Sep 14;135:105455. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105455. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study compared the flexural strength under monotonic (static – sσ) and cyclic load application (fatigue – fσ), hardness (H) and fracture toughness (K_IC) of different layers of a multi-layered zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT Multi, Ivoclar). Each layer was sectioned, classified into three groups according to yttria content (4-YSZ, 4/5-YSZ and 5-YSZ), and shaped on samples for flexural strength and fracture toughness tests (bars: 1.0 × 1.0 × 11 mm); and Vickers hardness test (plates: 1.5 × 4.0 × 5.0 mm). Flexural strength under monotonic load application (sσ; n = 10) was obtained through two different devices (three-point-bending and ball-in-hole device) and fatigue flexural strength (fσ; n = 15; initial load: 10 N; step-size: 5 N; 10,000 cycles/step) was assessed using a ball-in-hole device under cyclic load application. Vickers hardness test (n = 5), fracture toughness test (n = 10), and additional analyzes (Finite Element Analysis – FEA, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy – EDS and Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM) were also performed. No differences were found between the different devices in the monotonic flexural strength test, and FEA showed similar tensile stress distribution for the two devices. 4-YSZ showed higher values of flexural strength under monotonic and cyclic load application modes (sσ = 1114.73 MPa; fσ = 798.84 MPa), and fracture toughness (K_IC = 3.90 MPa√m). 4/5-YSZ had an intermediate sσ; however, fσ was similar to 5-YSZ (404.00-429.36 MPa) and K_IC similar to 4-YSZ (K_IC = 3.66 MPa√m). No statistical differences were found for hardness and Weibull modulus for fatigue flexural strength data. The amount of yttria in the layer compositions increased from 4-YSZ to 5-YSZ, and larger zirconia crystals were observed in the topographic images of 5-YSZ. Failures in the flexural strength and toughness tests started from the face subjected to tensile stress. Different layers of the multi-layered zirconia blank presented distinct mechanical properties. 4-YSZ (cervical layer) presented the highest flexural strength under monotonic and cyclic loads (fatigue), and higher fracture toughness even similar to the transition layer (4/5-YSZ). Hardness was similar between the layers. The ball-in-hole device performed similarly to the three-point bending device and can be used as an alternative to the traditional method.

PMID:36148725 | DOI:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105455