Tag: nevin manimala

Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2021 Dec 6;42:e20200233. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200233. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with cytopathological changes in the uterine cervix of women treated by the Unified Health System.

METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 350 women, between 14 and 79 years old who underwent pap smear tests in heath units in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Cervical cytopathological analyses and a questionnaire were applied to obtain socioeconomic information, as well as data on sexual behavior, gynecological aspects, and life habits. Chi-square test and logistic regression with p <0.05 were applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The prevalence of cervical changes was 3.4% and the main categories found were low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion, high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion, and atypical cells of undetermined significance. From these, the first were present in 16.6% of women under 25 years old. The multivariate analysis pointed at associations between previous results of the cytopathology test (OR = 25.693), smoking (OR = 7.576), and oral contraceptives (OR = 5.265) and the outcome.

CONCLUSION: Women with a history of previous cervical cytopathological abnormality, use of oral contraceptives, and smokers were more likely to have an abnormal result in the pap smear test.

PMID:34878011 | DOI:10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200233

Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2021 Dec 6;42:e20200137. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200137. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of violence among elderly community members and its relationship with nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics.

METHOD: Cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 159 community elderly registered at a Family Health Unit in Recife/Pernambuco between March 2016 and March 2017. The Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used as data collection instruments. Data received descriptive and inferential statistical treatment.

RESULTS: Among the elderly classified as with violence, there was a predominance of psychological violence (64.3%), and the majority were at risk for malnutrition (54.3%). There was an association between ‘having a partner’ and psychological (48.1%; p=0.02) and physical (48.1%; p=0.03) violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that being in a relationship or being malnourished increases the likelihood of suffering psychological violence (OR=2.63; OR=3.67), just as not being working increases the likelihood of physical violence (OR=5.61).

CONCLUSION: Violence was negatively related to the nutritional status of elderly community members.

PMID:34878008 | DOI:10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200137

Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Dec 1;37(11):e00224220. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00224220. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate whether the intersectional identities defined by race/skin color and gender are associated with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol in a representative sample of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 48,234 participants in the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) – 2013. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to estimate the associations of intersectional categories of race/skin color and gender (white woman, brown woman, black woman, white man, brown man, black man) with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol, based on the combination of weekly “days” and “servings”. The prevalence of smoking varied from 10.6% for white women to 23.1% for black men, while the prevalence of elevated consumption of alcohol ranged from 3.3% to 14%, respectively. In comparison to white women, only white, brown, and black men presented greater chances of smoking, reaching the OR of 2.04 (95%CI: 1.66-2.51) in black men. As to excessive consumption of alcohol, all intersectional categories showed greater chances of consumption than white women, with the greatest magnitude in black men (OR = 4.78; 95%CI: 3.66-6.23). These associations maintained statistical significance after adjustments made for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. Results demonstrated differences in smoking habit and excessive consumption of alcohol when the intersectional categories were compared to traditional analyses. These findings reinforce the significance of including intersectionality of race/skin color and gender in epidemiological studies.

PMID:34877990 | DOI:10.1590/0102-311X00224220

J Appl Oral Sci. 2021 Dec 1;29:e20210290. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0290. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Non-human teeth have been commonly used in research as replacements for human teeth, and potential dissimilarities between the dental tissues should be considered when interpreting the outcomes. To compare the proteolytic activity and degradation rate of bovine and human dentin matrices.

METHODOLOGY: Dentin beam specimens were obtained from human molars (n=30) and bovine incisors (n=30). The beams were weighed hydrated and after complete dehydration to obtain the mineralized wet and dry masses. Then, the beams were demineralized in 10 wt% phosphoric acid. Next, 15 beams from each substrate were randomly selected and again dehydrated and weighed to obtain the initial demineralized dry mass (DM). Then, the beams were stored in saliva-like buffer solution (SLBS) for 7, 14 and 21 days. SLBS was used to evaluate hydroxyproline (HYP) release after each storage period. The remaining beams of each substrate (n=15) were tested for initial MMP activity using a colorimetric assay and then also stored in SLBS. DM and MMP activity were reassessed after 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA tests with repeated measures complemented by Bonferroni’s tests. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were also used (p<0.05).

RESULTS: Similar water and inorganic fractions were found in human and bovine dentin, while human dentin had a higher protein content. The most intense proteolytic activity and matrix deterioration occurred short after dentin was demineralized. Both substrates exhibited a sharp reduction in MMP activity after seven days of incubation. Although human dentin had higher MMP activity levels, greater HYP release and DM loss after seven days than bovine dentin, after 14 and 21 days, the outcomes were not statistically different.

CONCLUSION: Bovine dentin is a suitable substrate for long-term studies involving the degradation of dentin matrices.

PMID:34878005 | DOI:10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0290

Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 7;11(1):23516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02205-2.

ABSTRACT

Throughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic losses to poor farmers, and leads to human-wildlife conflicts. These conflicts result in a negative attitude towards carnivore conservation and often trigger retaliatory killing. In northern Pakistan, we investigated livestock depredation by large carnivores between 2014 and 2019, and subsequent Human-wildlife conflict, through questionnaire-based surveys (n = 100 households). We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count, and conservation approaches. We found a statistically significant increasing pattern of predation with influential factors such as age, gender, occupation, education of respondents, population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation efforts. Some 310 livestock heads with an average of 51 animals per year out of the total 9273 heads were killed by predators, and among them 168 (54%) were attributed to the wolf and 142 (45.8%) to snow leopard. Major threats to carnivores in the area included retaliatory killing, habitat destruction and climate change. Incentivization against depredation losses, guarded grazing and construction of predator-proof corral may reduce Human-wildlife conflict and both livelihood and predator can be safeguarded in the study area.

PMID:34876595 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-02205-2

Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 7;11(1):23571. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02676-3.

ABSTRACT

Traditional multivariate statistical-based process monitoring (MSPM) methods are effective data-driven approaches for monitoring large-scale industrial processes, but have a shortcoming in handling the redundant correlations between process variables. To address this shortcoming, this study proposes a new MSPM method called minimalist module analysis (MMA). MMA divides process data into several different minimalist modules and one more independent module. All variables in the minimalist module are strongly correlated, and no redundant variables exist; therefore, the extracted feature components in one minimalist module will not be disturbed by noise from the other modules. This study also proposes new monitoring indices and a fault localization strategy for MMA, and simulation tests demonstrate that MMA achieves superior performance in fault detection and localization.

PMID:34876575 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-02676-3

Nat Commun. 2021 Dec 7;12(1):7090. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27382-6.

ABSTRACT

The understanding of turbulent flows is one of the biggest current challenges in physics, as no first-principles theory exists to explain their observed spatio-temporal intermittency. Turbulent flows may be regarded as an intricate collection of mutually-interacting vortices. This picture becomes accurate in quantum turbulence, which is built on tangles of discrete vortex filaments. Here, we study the statistics of velocity circulation in quantum and classical turbulence. We show that, in quantum flows, Kolmogorov turbulence emerges from the correlation of vortex orientations, while deviations-associated with intermittency-originate from their non-trivial spatial arrangement. We then link the spatial distribution of vortices in quantum turbulence to the coarse-grained energy dissipation in classical turbulence, enabling the application of existent models of classical turbulence intermittency to the quantum case. Our results provide a connection between the intermittency of quantum and classical turbulence and initiate a promising path to a better understanding of the latter.

PMID:34876584 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-27382-6

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Dec 14;118(50):e2102140118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2102140118.

ABSTRACT

The form of political polarization where citizens develop strongly negative attitudes toward out-party members and policies has become increasingly prominent across many democracies. Economic hardship and social inequality, as well as intergroup and racial conflict, have been identified as important contributing factors to this phenomenon known as “affective polarization.” Research shows that partisan animosities are exacerbated when these interests and identities become aligned with existing party cleavages. In this paper, we use a model of cultural evolution to study how these forces combine to generate and maintain affective political polarization. We show that economic events can drive both affective polarization and the sorting of group identities along party lines, which, in turn, can magnify the effects of underlying inequality between those groups. But, on a more optimistic note, we show that sufficiently high levels of wealth redistribution through the provision of public goods can counteract this feedback and limit the rise of polarization. We test some of our key theoretical predictions using survey data on intergroup polarization, sorting of racial groups, and affective polarization in the United States over the past 50 y.

PMID:34876507 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2102140118

BMJ Mil Health. 2021 Dec 7:e002006. doi: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-002006. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34876478 | DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-002006

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Dec 14;118(50):e2021925118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021925118.

ABSTRACT

How can neural networks learn to efficiently represent complex and high-dimensional inputs via local plasticity mechanisms? Classical models of representation learning assume that feedforward weights are learned via pairwise Hebbian-like plasticity. Here, we show that pairwise Hebbian-like plasticity works only under unrealistic requirements on neural dynamics and input statistics. To overcome these limitations, we derive from first principles a learning scheme based on voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity rules. Here, recurrent connections learn to locally balance feedforward input in individual dendritic compartments and thereby can modulate synaptic plasticity to learn efficient representations. We demonstrate in simulations that this learning scheme works robustly even for complex high-dimensional inputs and with inhibitory transmission delays, where Hebbian-like plasticity fails. Our results draw a direct connection between dendritic excitatory-inhibitory balance and voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity as observed in vivo and suggest that both are crucial for representation learning.

PMID:34876505 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2021925118