Tag: nevin manimala

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2025 Apr;136(4):e70019. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.70019.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relational equation for predicting arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) with a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) has been described and used in clinical settings. However, the equation has limitations as it was derived empirically. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PaO₂ and SaO₂ using a turnover model.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a controlled desaturation study to assess the accuracy of a pulse oximeter, volunteers (n = 12) breathed hypoxic gas mixtures via a mouthpiece. Various target SaO₂ values were achieved within the range of 70%-100%. PaO₂ and SaO₂ were measured using a CO-oximeter. A turnover model was fitted to PaO₂-SaO₂ pair data. The performance of the two SaO₂ prediction methods (conventional formula and turnover model) was evaluated using additional volunteer data not used in the model-building process.

RESULTS: The pharmacodynamic parameters were as follows: k_out (1/min) = 4.45 for Asians, 0.93 for Africans, I_max = 0.837 and IC₅₀ (mmHg) = 79.2%, γ = 5.24. PaCO₂ and pH were not significant covariates. The median prediction and median absolute prediction error were 5.6% and 5.7%, respectively, for the conventional formula, and 0.1% and 1.2%, respectively, for the turnover model.

CONCLUSION: The relationship between PaO₂ and SaO₂ was better explained by the turnover model than by the conventional formula within the 70%-100% SaO₂ range.

PMID:40099357 | DOI:10.1111/bcpt.70019

Autism Res. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1002/aur.70021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Language screening tools are frequently used to identify children with potential undiagnosed language difficulties. These difficulties are more prevalent in autistic children and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to neurotypical peers. Despite the widespread use of tools like the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Screening Test (CELF-5 Screener) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3), their sensitivity and specificity for this population have not been empirically validated. This study aimed to evaluate the screening accuracy of the CELF-5 Screener and Vineland-3 in children diagnosed with autism and/or ADHD and compare their performance to the gold standard measure. The sample consisted of 132 participants (n_autism = 25; n_ADHD = 29, and n_autism+ADHD = 78; M_{age in years} = 9.6; % male = 59) from the Monash Autism-ADHD Genetics and Neurodevelopment Project. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CELF-5 Screener and Vineland-3 receptive and expressive language subdomain scores were compared against those of the clinician-administered CELF-5 receptive and expressive language composite scores. The screening accuracy of each tool was further evaluated through Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses and calculations of Youden’s J statistic. The CELF-5 Screener demonstrated poor sensitivity for receptive language difficulties (35.6%) while demonstrating high specificity (95.3%). Similarly, for expressive language difficulties, the sensitivity was low (37.9%), and the specificity was high (91.1%). The Vineland-3 showed high sensitivity (93.3%) but low specificity (48%) for expressive language difficulties and inadequate sensitivity (80.9%) and specificity (22.4%) for receptive language difficulties. Both the CELF-5 Screener and Vineland-3 may miss a significant number of children with co-occurring language difficulties related to autism and/or ADHD. Examiners must understand these tools’ strengths and limitations, especially when assessing neurodivergent children whose language development might not follow a normative trajectory.

PMID:40099345 | DOI:10.1002/aur.70021

West J Nurs Res. 2025 Mar 18:1939459251324833. doi: 10.1177/01939459251324833. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Along with the global rise in the population of older adults, addressing depression among this population has become a critical public health concern. Reminiscence therapy is one of the interventions shown to be effective in reducing depression and depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically summarize the effectiveness of reminiscence interventions in reducing depression and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults without significant cognitive impairment.

METHODS: The literature search was conducted through four electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published in English. Risks of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Instrument.

RESULTS: The systematic review included 11 studies involving 650 community-dwelling older adults, with mean ages ranging from 65.3 to 78.7. Nine articles found reminiscence therapy effective in alleviating depression and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults without significant cognitive impairment. Structured reminiscence interventions were effective in reducing depression and depressive symptoms in six out of seven studies. Group reminiscence interventions demonstrated significant improvements in depression in 87.5% of studies. Memories triggers, suggested by four included studies, were practical tools to help initiate reminiscence sessions. All included studies were rated as having a low risk of bias.

CONCLUSION: Reminiscence has the potential as a valuable and effective treatment for depression and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults without significant cognitive impairment. Future research should focus on exploring diverse modalities, incorporating active control groups, and having longer follow-up periods to assess sustained benefits.

PMID:40099342 | DOI:10.1177/01939459251324833

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2025;90(1):15-19. doi: 10.17116/otorino20259001115.

ABSTRACT

Underground working conditions of uranium mining production are characterized by the predominance of industrial noise, determining a high occupational risk of hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: To perform the analysis of occupational risk of hearing loss in uranium mining workers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The indicators of working conditions of uranium mining production of the «Rosatom» state corporation and tonal threshold audiometry data of 113 staff members as a part of preventive medical examination were used; a priori and a posteriori occupational risks of hearing loss were determined.

RESULTS: The highest levels of industrial noise and the highest noise dose have been noted in stope miners (SMs), that determines a priori risk of their hearing function impairment. The mean length of service in persons of SMs group is over 25 years. Indicators of a posteriori risk of occupational sensorineural hearing loss are predominant in SMs with long service period (25 years and more) – 50%.

CONCLUSION: The highest occupational risk of hearing loss is identified in stope miners, that means the need to optimize preventive measures to preserve their hearing function.

PMID:40099330 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20259001115

Workplace Health Saf. 2025 Mar 18:21650799251322201. doi: 10.1177/21650799251322201. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals living with multiple chronic conditions (MCC; e.g., obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) are at an increased risk for occupational injuries, decreased work productivity, and early departure from the workforce.

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey of 200 working adults with obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia was conducted to examine the relationships across self-efficacy, physical function, and healthy behaviors in addition to their relationship with the work environment.

FINDINGS: Self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant positive association with physical function (p < .001) as well as with eating behaviors (p < .001). Full-time workers reported greater physical function than part-time workers (p < .001), and those working in active/manual labor positions reported more physical activity compared to those working in sedentary positions (p = .001).

CONCLUSION: Individuals with greater self-efficacy for managing their chronic conditions also had higher physical function capabilities and healthier eating behaviors. In addition, individuals who work full-time reported higher physical function capabilities, and those in active work positions had higher physical activity scores. Future research is needed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Occupational health nurses need to work with employees with MCC to help accommodate healthcare provider visits and/or work restrictions to allow employees to maintain full-time work in addition to encouraging sedentary workers to increase physical activity.

PMID:40099317 | DOI:10.1177/21650799251322201

Adv Clin Exp Med. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.17219/acem/193825. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a procedure commonly used in the treatment of various hematological disorders with the aim of curing the patient or prolonging life. The vast majority of patients must have antineoplastic therapy before HSCT, which can result in weight loss, sarcopenia or cachexia. Additionally, there is a high risk of malnutrition and physical deterioration during HSCT. By assessing physical fitness prior to HSCT, a physical therapist can individualize an exercise program, which in turn may speed up recovery after HSCT.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the physical fitness of patients with hematological malignancies qualified for HSCT as an indication for prehabilitation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 65 patients with hematological malignancies who were qualified for HSCT between September 1, 2022, and September 1, 2023. The reference group consisted of 219 healthy adults. The clinical study protocol involved participants performing 3 tests: the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the timed-up and go test (TUG) and the 30-second chair-stand test (30CST).

RESULTS: Patients with hematological malignancies were characterized by significantly lower endurance capacity (median (Me) = 420.50 (IQR 110.25) vs Me = 580.00 (IQR 133.00); p < 0.001) and significantly lower body strength (Me = 11.00 (IQR 6.00) vs Me = 15.00 (IQR 5.00); p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in the diagnosis and in the number of lines of systemic therapy. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed between the outcomes of the physical fitness level, particularly for TUG and 30CST, and the time from diagnosis to transplantation.

CONCLUSIONS: The presented results suggest a negative consequence of hematological disease and its treatment on the functional status of patients qualified for HSCT and indicate the need for individualized rehabilitation management depending on the type of diagnosis, the number of lines of systemic therapy, and the time between diagnosis and transplantation.

PMID:40099316 | DOI:10.17219/acem/193825

Cancer Med. 2025 Mar;14(6):e70738. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70738.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: Cancer fatalism, the belief that cancer is predetermined and unpreventable, is associated with lower uptake of cancer prevention. Little is known about cancer fatalism prevalence within various Asian origin groups.

METHODS: We conducted a disaggregated analysis of cancer fatalism among Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, and other Asian respondents using the 2012-2022 Health Information National Trends Survey. Pairwise comparisons were conducted to assess differences between each racial and ethnic group.

RESULTS: Significantly lower proportions of Indian respondents (40.36%) endorsed the statement “It seems like everything causes cancer,” when compared with Vietnamese (74.59%, p = 0.0002) and Filipino (75.18%, p = 0.0009) respondents. Lower proportions of Indian and Chinese respondents endorsed the statement “There’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer” when compared with Vietnamese and Filipino respondents, though these differences were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the heterogeneity among Asian origin groups and emphasize the importance of disaggregated data collection by origin group, which can inform culturally tailored interventions.

PMID:40099315 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.70738

Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2023 May 1;25(3):104060. doi: 10.15446/rsap.V25n3.104060. eCollection 2023 Jun.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence of suicide and carry out an educational initiative with adolescents from a public school to strengthen Life Skills (HPV) that allow them to face critical situations in daily life.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: Study conducted from September 2017 to July 2018, with a quantitative and qualitative approach and educational initiative with pre-posttest measurements of a single group, in first-year high school students from a public school located in Morelos. Two questionnaires were applied 1) Questionnaire of Psychosocial Indicators for Depression and Suicidal Risk and 2) Questionnaire of HpV, in addition to focus groups (FG) and ethnographic registry. Twelve educational sessions focused on four HPVs were held.

RESULTS: 26 students participated. The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt was 12.5% (95% CI 3.5-28.9). There was statistical significance in the ability “Self-knowledge” for men and women, in addition to the latter in “Managing emotions” and “Global Scores”. In the FG it was established that the HPVs were supporting them in their daily life.

CONCLUSIONS: Working with adolescents through the HpV proposal, provides them with elements for a better management of daily life and can contribute to the prevention of suicidal behavior.

PMID:40099294 | PMC:PMC11648379 | DOI:10.15446/rsap.V25n3.104060

Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2023 May 1;25(3):107641. doi: 10.15446/rsap.V25n3.107641. eCollection 2023 Jun.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers in health care in patients with visual and auditory congenital defects (CD) treated through the Comprehensive Care Program for Families with Orphan Diseases with Visual and/or Auditory Compromise (AIVA), in Bogotá D. C., Colombia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in 58 children diagnosed with CD with possible visual or auditory compromise. The study population was selected from the AIVA program database, and to obtain the data, parents or legal representatives were asked to take the children for an initial medical evaluation and answer an interview. The barriers were classified according to Tanahashi’s effective coverage model and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the qualitative variables, and means and standard deviations or medians and interquartile ranges (according to the distribution of the data determined with the Shapiro-Wilk test) for the quantitative variables.

RESULTS: 81.03% of parents or legal representatives expressed at least one barrier, the most frequent being availability (49.38%), followed by accessibility (32.24%), acceptability (11.83%) and contact (6.53%).

CONCLUSION: The majority of parents or legal representatives interviewed reported barriers to accessing health services. Given that these have a negative impact on the health of children with CI, joint interventions are required to reduce them and thus guarantee better health conditions in children with CI and auditory or visual impairment.

PMID:40099291 | PMC:PMC11648372 | DOI:10.15446/rsap.V25n3.107641

Glossa Psycholinguist. 2025;4(1):2. doi: 10.5070/G60116584. Epub 2025 Jan 13.

ABSTRACT

Vowel letters are a source of difficulty in reading English words, for they have both long and short pronunciations. In two studies, we examined how vowels are pronounced before different types of medial consonants in the words of English and the degree to which skilled readers follow those vocabulary statistics in their behavior. We found more short vowels before sequences beginning with ‹s› than before those such as ‹pl›, regardless of whether the letter after ‹s› corresponded to a stop consonant (e.g., ‹sp›) or a sonorant (e.g., ‹sl›). These results show that pronunciation of vowels is influenced by the nature and not just the number of following consonants, contrary to the assumptions that commonly underlie phonics instruction. Although the results support a statistical learning view of reading, in that participants showed an implicit use of untaught patterns, participants’ pronunciations differed in some ways from those expected, given the vocabulary statistics.

PMID:40099278 | PMC:PMC11912810 | DOI:10.5070/G60116584