Tag: nevin manimala

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Feb 16. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14852. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease that mostly heals by scarring. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine, suggested to play a key role in acne pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IL1β in acne vulgaris and acne scars to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis and to study the relation between expression of IL1β and the clinicopathological parameters.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on sixty subjects (twenty patients with acne vulgaris and twenty patients with acne scars), and twenty healthy volunteers as controls. Skin biopsies were taken from patients and controls for routine histopathological examination with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC staining of IL-1β.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in expression of IL-1β in acne vulgaris compared to post-acne scars and controls, (p<0.001) for both. IL-1β expression was significantly positively correlated with both clinical severity of acne vulgaris (p=0.022) and severity of histopathological inflammation (p=0.011).

CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus IL-1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post acne scars.

PMID:35174608 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14852

J Appl Microbiol. 2022 Feb 17. doi: 10.1111/jam.15494. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: There are knowledge gaps regarding STEC and EPEC strains in livestock in Jiangsu, China. This study aimed to evaluate the potential public health significance of STEC and EPEC strains isolated from livestock by determining the serotypes, virulence profiles, and genetic relationship with international STEC strains.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 68 STEC and 37 EPEC strains were obtained from 231 fecal sheep samples and 70 fecal cattle samples. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, all STEC belonged to 15 O:H serotypes and the most prevalent serotypes were O6:H10 (19.1%), O155:H21 (14.7%), and O21:H25 (10.3%). The main Shiga toxin gene subtypes detected were stx1c (41.2%), stx1a (26.5%), stx2b (14.7%) and stx2k (14.7%). Only the STEC from cattle carried eae gene. Other adherence-associated or toxin-related genes, including lpfA (70.6%), iha (48.5%), subA (54.4%), and ehxA (33.8%), were found in STEC. All EPEC strains were bfpA-negative, and the predominant eae variants were eae-β1 (62.2%), eae-ζ (21.6%), and eae-θ (8.1%). The core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis revealed nine scattered clusters in STEC and one dominant cluster in EPEC. The strains with the same serotypes, including O22:H8 and O43:H2 in the two towns, possessed a closely genomic distance. The core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) showed that part of STEC strains in this study were clustered with isolates possessing the same serotypes from the Netherlands, Sweden, and Xinjiang of China. Five serotypes of STEC isolates were associated with the clinical STEC strains from databases.

CONCLUSION: This study provided the diverse serotypes and the virulence genes profiles in STEC and EPEC strains. Local strains possessed widely diverse and scattered clusters by cgMLST. Closely genomic correlation with clinical isolates displayed that part of the STEC strains may threaten to public health.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Non-O157 STEC strains act as important pathogens for human infections. This study supports the increased surveillance work of non-O157 STEC rather than just O157 STEC in this region.

PMID:35174586 | DOI:10.1111/jam.15494

J Clin Lab Anal. 2022 Feb 17:e24285. doi: 10.1002/jcla.24285. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic in March 2020. Initially, supply chain disruptions and increased demand for testing led to shortages of critical laboratory reagents and inadequate testing capacity. Thus, alternative means of biosample collection and testing were essential to overcome these obstacles and reduce viral transmission. This study aimed to 1) compare the sensitivity and specificity of Cepheid GeneXpert^® IV and BioFire^® FilmArray^® 2.0 next generation detection systems to detect SARS-CoV-2, 2) evaluate the performance of both platforms using different biospecimen types, and 3) assess saline as an alternative to viral transport media (VTM) for sample collection.

METHODS: A total of 1,080 specimens consisting of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs in VTM, NP swabs in saline, nasal swabs, oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, and saliva were collected from 216 enrollees. Limit of detection (LoD) assays, NP VTM and NP saline concordance, and saliva testing were performed on the BioFire^® FilmArray^® 2.0 Respiratory Panel 2.1 and Cepheid GeneXpert^® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assays.

RESULTS: LoD and comparative testing demonstrated increased sensitivity with the Cepheid compared with the BioFire^® in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in NP VTM and saline, nasal, and OP swabs. Conversely, saliva testing on the Cepheid showed statistically significant lower sensitivity compared to the BioFire^® . Finally, NP swabs in saline showed no significant difference compared with NP swabs in VTM on both platforms.

CONCLUSION: The Cepheid and BioFire^® NGDS are viable options to address a variety of public health needs providing rapid and reliable, point-of-care testing using a variety of clinical matrices.

PMID:35174538 | DOI:10.1002/jcla.24285

J Vet Intern Med. 2022 Feb 17. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Use of diets with increased concentrations of dietary fiber is thought to be beneficial in the management of dogs with large bowel diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether feeding a diet with high concentrations of soluble and insoluble fiber to dogs with acute colitis would be superior to feeding a diet with typical fiber levels.

ANIMALS: A total of 52 dogs with acute signs of large bowel diarrhea housed in an animal shelter were entered into the study; 11 dogs per diet completed the protocol.

METHODS: In this randomized, prospective study, dogs with a fecal score of 4, 5, 6, or 7 and signs of acute colitis were fed a high fiber diet (4.54% soluble; 15.16% insoluble fiber) or a standard diet (0.6% soluble; 5.33% insoluble fiber) and fecal scores compared over the course of the study with significance defined as P < .05.

RESULTS: All dogs fed the high fiber diet (11/11; 100%) had a fecal score <5 on the day of adoption or day 9, which was statistically different (P < .04) than dogs fed the standard diet (6/11 dogs; 55%; 95% CI: 23-83). The proportions of stools with a fecal score >4 were greater (P = .0001) in the dogs fed the standard diet (29/48 samples; 60%; 95% CI: 45-74) compared to the high fiber diet (8/50 samples; 16%; 95% CI: 7-29).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results support feeding the high fiber diet described herein to dogs with acute large bowel diarrhea.

PMID:35174561 | DOI:10.1111/jvim.16360

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb 16. doi: 10.1111/cen.14698. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Thyrotropin (TSH) suppression therapy is standard treatment after surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It may be associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, there are no guidelines for bone mineral density (BMD) testing intervals to screen for osteoporosis in these patients. Therefore, we evaluated the timing of repeated BMD testing in DTC patients with TSH suppression according to baseline T-scores.

DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASUREMENT: We retrospectively evaluated 658 DTC patients who underwent BMD testing more than twice between January 2007 and January 2020. A 1:3 propensity score matching was conducted to compare the timing of repeated BMD tests between the DTC and non-DTC groups. We stratified the participants into four groups based on their baseline T-scores: normal (-1.00 or higher), mild osteopenia (-1.01 to -1.49), moderate osteopenia (-1.50 to -1.99), and severe osteopenia (-2.00 to -2.49). Additionally, the 10% of patients in each group that transitioned to osteoporosis were analyzed.

RESULTS: The estimated BMD testing interval for 10% of patients who developed osteoporosis was 85 months for patients with initially mild osteopenia, 65 months for those with moderate osteopenia, and 15 months for those with severe osteopenia in the DTC group. In the non-DTC group, the testing intervals for mild, moderate, and severe osteopenia were 98, 57, and 13 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, baseline T-score (mild osteopenia: hazard ratio [HR] 5.91, p = 0.105; moderate osteopenia: HR 25.27, p = 0.02; and severe osteopenia: HR 134.82, p < 0.001) and duration of TSH suppression (tertile 2: HR 2.25, p = 0.005; tertile 3: 1.78, p = 0.033) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the DTC group.

CONCLUSION: This study provides guidance for the timing of repeated BMD tests in women over 50 years of age with TSH suppression. The rescreening interval for BMD testing can be modified based on the baseline T-score. The appropriate BMD testing intervals in female DTC patients were similar to those in non-DTC females. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35174522 | DOI:10.1111/cen.14698

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 16. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15280. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Several cases of herpes zoster (HZ) following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) have been reported, and first epidemiological evidences suggest an increased risk. We used the worldwide pharmacovigilance database VigiBase to describe HZ cases following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. We performed disproportionality analyses (case/non-case statistical approach) to assess the relative risk of HZ reporting in mRNA COVID-19 vaccine recipients compared to influenza vaccine recipients and according to patient age. Until 30^th June 2021, of 716,928 reports with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, we found 7,728 HZ cases. When compared to influenza vaccines, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were associated with a significantly higher reporting of HZ (reporting odds-ratio 1.9, 95%CI [1.8-2.1]). Furthermore, we found a reduced risk of reporting HZ among under 40 year-old persons compared to older persons (reporting odds-ratio 0.39, 95%CI [0.36-0.41]). Mild and infrequent HZ reactions may occur shortly after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, at higher frequency than reported with influenza vaccination, especially in patients over 40 year-old. Further analyses are needed to confirm this risk.

PMID:35174524 | DOI:10.1111/bcp.15280

J Med Virol. 2022 Feb 16. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27663. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a threatening impact on a global scale, largely due to the emergence of newly SARS-CoV-2 variants. The Mu (PANGO lineage B.1.621), was first identified in Colombia in January 2021 and was classified as a variant of interest (VOI) in August 2021, due to a constellation of mutations that likely-mediate an unexpectedly enhanced immune resistance to inactivated vaccine-elicited antibodies. Despite if recently studies suggested that the Mu variant appear to have a less infectivity than the Delta variant, here we examined the structural effect of the Mu spike protein mutations and predicted the potential impact on infectivity of the Mu variant compared with the Delta and Delta plus spike protein. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35174519 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.27663

Epilepsia. 2022 Feb 17. doi: 10.1111/epi.17193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A broad spectrum of emotional-behavioral problems have been reported in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but with considerable variability in their presence and nature of expression, which hampers precise identification and treatment. The present study aimed to empirically identify latent patterns or behavioral phenotypes and their correlates.

METHODS: Data included parental ratings of emotional-behavioral status on the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition (BASC-2) of 81 children (mean age = 11.79, standard deviation [SD] = 3.93) with TLE. The nine clinical subscales were subjected to unsupervised machine learning to identify behavioral subgroups. To explore concurrent validity and the underlying composition of the identified clusters, we examined demographic factors, seizure characteristics, psychosocial factors, neuropsychological performance, psychiatric status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

RESULTS: Three behavioral phenotypes were identified, which included no behavioral concerns (Cluster 1, 43% of sample), externalizing problems (Cluster 2, 41% of sample), and internalizing problems (Cluster 3, 16% of sample). Behavioral phenotypes were characterized by important differences across clinical seizure variables, psychosocial/familial factors, everyday executive functioning, and HRQoL. Cluster 2 was associated with younger child age, lower maternal education, and higher rate of single-parent households. Cluster 3 was associated with older age at epilepsy onset and higher rates of hippocampal sclerosis and parental psychiatric history. Both Cluster 2 and 3 demonstrated elevated family stress. Concurrent validity was demonstrated through the association of psychiatric (i.e., rate of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) disorders and psychotropic medication) and parent-rated HRQoL variables.

SIGNIFICANCE: Youth with TLE present with three distinct behavioral phenotypes that correspond with important clinical and sociodemographic markers. The current findings demonstrate the variability of behavioral presentations in youth with TLE and provide a preliminary framework for screening and targeting intervention to enhance support for youth with TLE and their families.

PMID:35174484 | DOI:10.1111/epi.17193

Epilepsia. 2022 Feb 17. doi: 10.1111/epi.17195. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiseizure medication prescribed to women during childbearing age. The impact of LEV on placental transporters is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of LEV exposure on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of placental transporters for hormones and nutrients and to correlate their expression with the drug’s serum concentration in pregnant mice.

METHODS: Studies were conducted on gestational days (GD) 13 and 18, following oral treatment with 100 mg/kg LEV or the vehicle every 24 h after weaning. Serum LEV measurements were performed by High-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC-UV). The weight, height, and width of the fetuses were also analyzed. In addition, the placental expression of transporters xCt, Lat1, Oatp4a1, Fr-α, Rfc, and Snat4 was evaluated through semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the statistical significance (p < .05). The correlation between serum LEV concentration and placental gene expression was evaluated using the Spearman test.

RESULTS: The weight, height, and width were lower in the fetuses exposed to LEV compared with the control group (p < .05). The number of fetuses was lower in the LEV-exposed group than in the control GD 13 group (p < .001). No significant differences were detected in the mRNA expression level at GD 13. At GD 18, the expression of Lat1, Oatp4a1, xCT, and Snat4 was higher in the group treated with LEV compared with the control group (p < .05), whereas the expression of Rfc was lower (p < .05). No correlation was identified between serum LEV concentrations and gene expression levels.

SIGNIFICANCE: The repression of the Rfc transcript by LEV at GD 18 suggests that the protein expression would be abolished contributing to the observed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Furthermore, the significant increase in mRNA of xCt, Snat4, Oatp4a1, and Lat1 might be a compensatory mechanism for fetal survival at GD 18.

PMID:35174498 | DOI:10.1111/epi.17195

Ann Nucl Med. 2022 Feb 16. doi: 10.1007/s12149-022-01725-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have investigated age and gender effects on striatal subregional dopamine transporter (DaT) binding, these studies were mostly based on a conventional regions of interest-based analysis. Here, we investigated age and gender effects on striatal DaT binding at the voxel level, using a multicenter database of [(¹²³)I] N-omega-fluoropropyl-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-{4-iodophenyl}nortropane ([(¹²³)I] FP-CIT)-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans in 256 healthy Japanese adults.

METHODS: We used the Southampton method to calculate the specific binding ratios (SBRs) of each subject’s striatum and then converted the [¹²³I] FP-CIT SPECT images to quantitative SBRs images. To investigate the effects of age and gender effects on striatal DaT binding, we performed a voxel-based analysis using statistical parametric mapping. Gender differences were also compared between young to middle-aged subjects and elderly subjects (age threshold: 60 years).

RESULTS: When all subjects were explored as a group, DaT binding throughout the striatum decreased with advancing age. Among all subjects, the females showed higher DaT binding in the bilateral caudate compared to the males. In the young to middle-aged subjects, the females showed higher DaT binding throughout the striatum (with a slight caudate predominance) versus the males. In the elderly, there were no gender differences in striatal DaT binding.

CONCLUSION: Our findings of striatal subregional age- and gender-related differences may provide useful information to construct a more detailed DaT database in healthy Japanese subjects.

PMID:35174441 | DOI:10.1007/s12149-022-01725-9