Tag: nevin manimala

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Dec 21. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.13171-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of injury among rugby players emphasizes the need for research related to injury risk factors. Physical fitness-related risk factors are likely culprits contributing to both contact and non-contact injuries. Establishing associations between preseason measured physical fitness aspects and injury risk, not only provide players’ baseline fitness parameters but could also identify injury prone players, thereby contributing to injury prevention strategies. Therefore, the objective of this review was to assess and summarize scientific literature related to the association between pre-season measured physical fitness tests and in-season injury among male rugby players.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review was performed in compliance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. This review considered observational, prospective cohort study designs. Studies that included male rugby (rugby union, rugby league, Australian football rules and rugby sevens) players aged 18 years or above from all levels of participation, evaluating the association between physical fitness test outcome and injury, were considered for inclusion. The three-step search strategy aimed at finding both published and unpublished studies in any language. Searched databases included MEDLINE via PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register in the Cochrane Library, ProQuest 5000 International, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, EBSCO MegaFile Premier, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, SCOPUS and Science Direct. Keywords used were “rugby”, “injury”, “physical fitness”, and “risk factors”. Papers that met the inclusion criteria were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal tool for cohort studies from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI SUMARI).

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 16 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The mean critical appraisal score was 82.63% (SD=17.86). Forty-meter sprint speed was associated with injury in all three (100%) studies that included the test. Inconsistencies in the statistical analysis, however, make comparison difficult. None of the studies that investigated upper (n=1) and/or lower body power (n=3) identified power as a risk factor. Conflicting results were found for the association between strength, flexibility, cardio-respiratory fitness, and injury.

CONCLUSIONS: Identifying factors associated with injury risk is an important step in the injury prevention paradigm. Once identified, players can be screened for risk factors prior to participation in sport. Interventions, based on screening results, which not only improve performance but also decrease players’ risk of sustaining injuries (i.e., physical fitness related risk factors), provide additional incentive for compliance. Overall, this review highlights the inconsistency in testing methods used to gauge specific physical fitness constructs among rugby players, limiting the extent to which comparison of results and pooling of data is possible.

PMID:34931786 | DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.21.13171-8

Int J Comput Dent. 2021 Dec 21;24(4):385-392.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Innovations in CAD/CAM technology and materials science offer new methodologies for removable prosthodontics. As clinical data are still rare, in vitro performance of both CAD/CAM and comparable conventional materials may help to estimate the clinical outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens (n = 8 per group) from teeth (CediTEC, SR VivodentCAD, Vitapan), base materials (V-Print dentbase, IvoBase CAD, Paladur), adhesives (CediTEC Primer/Adhesive, IvoBase CAD Bond), and a fully printed specimen (Try-In) were created. All specimens underwent thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML): 1,200,000 × 50 N; 2×3000 x 5°C/55°C; H2O. Surviving specimens were loaded to fracture. Statistical tests used were the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kaplan-Meier survival, with the level of significance set to α = 0.05.

RESULTS: Mean loading cycles until failure varied between 100 and 621,667 cycles. Up to five specimens per group failed during TCML. With one exception, all specimens of the entirely CAD/CAM-fabricated group survived TCML. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test showed significantly different (P = 0.000) loading cycles between the systems (chi-square test: 28,247; degree of freedom: 8). Failure of the dentures during TCML was characterized by failure of the denture base (2x), denture tooth (13x), mixed base/tooth (3x) or adhesive between base and tooth (1x).

CONCLUSION: TCML and fracture testing showed different aspects of denture tooth restoration. The results indicated no correlation between fracture force, fracture pattern, and survival cycles. Denture teeth (milled, heat-pressed), bases (milled, printed, pressed), and primer should be matched up to optimize the performance of dentures.

PMID:34931774

Int J Comput Dent. 2021 Dec 21;24(4):393-403.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate retentive forces (RFs) of CAD/CAM-milled and conventionally cast secondary crowns (SCs) after artificial aging in an in vitro study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty artificial premolars were manufactured and provided with 40 primary crowns (PCs) milled from a high noble metal alloy. SCs were fabricated from the same alloy. Ten SCs were produced with the help of a tactile scanning method (group A), 10 with the help of a photo-optical scan (spray; group B), 10 with the help of a photo-optical scan (acrylic dye; group C), and 10 using a conventional casting technique (group D). Cycles of separation were performed and RFs were measured at baseline and after 5,000 and 10,000 cycles. Surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: Group D showed the highest median RFs with respective interquartile ranges (IQRs) – baseline: 7.0(2.5) N; 5,000 cycles: 5.5(2.0) N; 10,000 cycles: 5.4(1.5) N compared with groups A, B, and C – baseline: 5.2(8.4)/3.4(11.3)/1.3(1.5) N; 5,000 cycles: 1.8(0.8)/2.1(1.7)/1.0(1.3) N; 10,000 cycles: 1.9(1.6)/2.4(2.5)/1.0(1.4) N, respectively. In contrast to groups A, B, and C, group D did not gain RF when RF values were compared after 5,000 and 10,000 cycles. The loss of RF between baseline (7.0 N) and after 10,000 cycles (5.4 N) was significant only for group D (P = 0.007), but not for groups A, B, and C.

CONCLUSION: Both CAD/CAM-milled and conventionally cast SCs from a high noble metal alloy can provide sufficient RF after 10,000 cycles of artificial aging. However, groups A, B, and C showed constantly lower RF values compared with group D.

PMID:34931775

Int J Comput Dent. 2021 Dec 21;24(4):375-384.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients rehabilitated with conventional or 3D-printed implant overdentures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed. Twenty-eight completely edentulous participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups. All participants received two implants with ball attachments. Participants in the control group were rehabilitated with conventionally manufactured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) maxillary complete dentures (CDs) and mandibular implant overdentures, while those in the intervention group received digital light processing (DLP)-printed photopolymerizable PMMA maxillary CDs (NextDent) and mandibular implant overdentures. Follow-up appointments were scheduled at 3, 6, and 12 months where Oral Health Impact Profile 19 (OHIPEDENT19) data were used to assess the OHRQoL of the participants. Denture retention was measured using a digital force gauge device.

RESULTS: The OHRQoL values were significantly higher (less improvement) in the conventional overdenture group at 6 months (P = 0.02) and 12 months (P = 0.04). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean retention values of the conventional and 3D-printed overdenture groups. For all the follow-up periods, the mean retention values were higher for the 3D-printed overdenture group (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: 3D-printed overdentures may represent an alternative to conventionally fabricated ones. This study represents a stepping stone and proof of concept that support the potential future use of 3D-printed dentures.

PMID:34931773

Int J Comput Dent. 2021 Dec 21;24(4):341-352.

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of accuracy studies on 3D digitizing systems, especially intraoral scanning devices, are being published in scientific and educational journals. The methods, measurement values, and statistical parameters of these studies vary. Certain inconsistencies exist, which lead to difficulty in terms of interpretation and sometimes even questionable conclusions being drawn. These issues make it almost impossible to compare the results of such studies. One aspect inherent in this is the mutable use of basic terms describing the quality of measurement outcomes. A clear definition of such terms and clear instructions as to their respective calculation processes is essential for communication among scientists as well as for reporting measurement results to the dental community. Therefore, the aim of the present guideline is to provide a clear definition of the accuracy, trueness, and precision as the basic terms in the context of digital dentistry. The survey for this guideline included the application of ISO Norms and their expansion to special aspects concerning 3D data acquisition and, in particular, surface meshes. Additionally, the literature was screened to collect approaches, which can be seen as useful for dealing with these terms when performing different kinds of studies.

PMID:34931770

Int J Comput Dent. 2021 Dec 21;24(4):353-362.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The objective of the present study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of permanent dentition and dental arch measurements of three digital scanners compared with the gold standard, a physical plaster cast.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the following records of 30 patients were used: 1) orthodontic physical plaster study cast (PPSC); 2) digitally scanned physical model (DSPM), 3) direct intraoral model scanned with a Trios color scanner; and 4) direct 3D CBCT digital model. The following 3D measurements were obtained: mesiodistal tooth dimensions; total tooth materials; dental arch perimeters; total arch lengths; and intermolar, interpremolar, and intercanine widths. The measurements on the three digital models were contrasted with those on the PPSC. Differences were tested using a dependent t test for intragroup comparisons. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intra- and interexaminer reliability.

RESULTS: Except for the mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular left central incisors (P < 0.001) and the mandibular intercanine width (P = 0.041), no statistically significant differences were found between the measurements made directly on the PPSC and those on the three digital models. The mean discrepancies between the methods ranged from as low as 0.003 mm to as high as 0.67 mm for the total tooth materials, and as low as 0.01 mm to as high as 0.37 mm for the total arch length. For the transverse dimension, the mean discrepancies ranged from as low as 0.3 mm for the maxillary intercanine width to as high as 0.5 mm for the mandibular intercanine width. However, these significant differences were not considered clinically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: The DSPM, Trios color scanner digital model, and direct 3D CBCT digital model appear to be adequate, reliable, and time-saving alternatives to the PPSC when analyzed using a digital caliper.

PMID:34931771

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Dec 21. doi: 10.1002/uog.24838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of late preterm births in twin pregnancies.

METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included all women who had twin deliveries between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2010 by merging the databases of the Korea National Health Insurance claims and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. Outcomes were analyzed on a pregnancy level – in one or both twins. The primary short-term outcome was composite morbidity, which included any of the following: transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The long-term outcomes were defined using prespecified neurological and developmental diagnoses using the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision code; these were assessed by following up all neonates until the end of 2018, by the time they were 8-11 years of age.

RESULTS: Among 17,189 women who delivered twins at more than 34 weeks of gestation during the study period, 5032 (29.27%) women had given twin birth in the late preterm period. In the multivariate analysis, the late preterm twins had an increased risk for adverse primary short-term outcomes (odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.90-2.30), including transient tachypnea (odds ratio: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.64-2.09), respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 2.04-2.62), necrotizing enterocolitis (odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.69), and intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio: 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.46-3.11), compared with the term twins. For the long-term outcomes, the late preterm twins also had an increased risk for any neurological or neurodevelopmental delay (hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.21).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that late preterm twins had an increased risk for short- and long-term morbidities than term twins. These results should be considered when determining the timing of delivery in uncomplicated twin pregnancies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34931725 | DOI:10.1002/uog.24838

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021 Dec 21. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13323. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of berberine as an adjuvant in treating antipsychotic-associated weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

METHODS: One hundred and thirteen participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who had developed MetS were recruited. They were randomly assigned to berberine (600 mg/day, n=58) or placebo (n=55) groups for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to week 12 in net weight. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, serum glucose and lipid profiles, and the severity of psychotic symptoms.

RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the berberine group showed a significantly greater reduction in weight gain at 9 weeks (mean difference [MD]=-0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.42 to -0.07, P=0.031, d=0.41) and 12 weeks (MD=-1.08, 95% CI: -1.76 to -0.40, P=0.002, d=0.59). Patients who received berberine also showed statistically significant improvements in endpoint in BMI (MD=-0.41, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.17, P=0.001, d=0.64), total cholesterol (MD=-0.58, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.41, P<.001, d=1.31), low-density lipoprotein (MD=-0.52, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.35, P<.001, d=1.19), and glycated hemoglobin (MD=-0.09, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0, P=0.05, d=0.37). Berberine was well tolerated without serious adverse events and aggravation of psychotic symptoms compared with placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that berberine is effective in attenuating antipsychotic-associated weight gain and MetS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34931749 | DOI:10.1111/pcn.13323

Clin Transplant. 2021 Dec 21:e14565. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14565. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of iguratimod (IGU) for reducing panel reactive antibody (PRA) in high-mismatched renal transplant recipients.

METHODS: Eligible recipients positive for PRAs who received or did not receive IGU treatment were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed, collected, and analyzed statistically the clinical data of the recipients.

RESULTS: A total of 80 recipients were included for further analysis. After IGU was administered for nine months, no significant difference was found in the change rates of donor specific antibodies between two groups. Meanwhile, the reduction in the PRAs in the IGU group was greater than that in the non-IGU group in anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II, anti-HLA class I, anti-HLA class II, anti-HLA A, and anti-HLA DR antibodies. However, no differences were found in the anti-HLA B, anti-HLA Cw, anti-HLA DP, and anti-HLA DQ antibodies between the two groups. No serious adverse events were reported, and the incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: PRA levels in high-mismatched renal transplant recipients were significantly reduced after the administration of IGU. The high safety of IGU was also determined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34931720 | DOI:10.1111/ctr.14565

Eur J Public Health. 2021 Dec 21:ckab106. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab106. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidence based health policy, such as that put forward in the European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015-2020 and the WHO Global Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, has a role in curbing the consumption of unhealthful foods and drink. We ask how countries are performing in the adoption of these policies and how the comprehensiveness of their food environment policies explains variations in consumption of unhealthful products across Europe.

METHODS: In order to assess the state of policy adoption, we developed a composite indicator-the Food Regulatory Environment Index (FREI) for which we calculated unweighted and weighted formulations according to the strength of the evidence base. We used linear regression models to explain variations in the consumption of unhealthful products as well as variations in a composite indicator of obesogenic diets.

RESULTS: Overall, wealthier countries in the Region perform better. The weighting of the constituent policies does not affect the rankings. We find negative associations between unweighted and weighted formulations of the Index and household consumption of sugary and carbonate drinks as well as with the composite indicator for obesogenic diets.

CONCLUSIONS: The main strength of this study is the comprehensiveness and comparability of the policy data across the relatively large number of countries covered. There is a negative association that is statistically significant, between all formulations of the FREI and the household consumption of sugary and carbonated drinks. There is also a negative association between some FREI formulations and obesogenic diets.

PMID:34931673 | DOI:10.1093/eurpub/ckab106