Tag: nevin manimala

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):359-368. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-359-368.

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes negative changes in the USSR population health in the era of stagnation. These changes are traced on the basis of statistical indices of physical development, morbidity of infectious and mental diseases, mortality and life expectancy. The mentioned data are compared with indices of ecological pollution, drinking water and foodstuff quality. The study results are explained by political decisions on reclamation of unsettled territories, developing of all-Union constructions, (anti)alcohol campaigns.

PMID:33901383 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-359-368

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):306-312. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-306-312.

ABSTRACT

The need for changes in the primary health care system in the Russian Federation that is based on the principles of general medical practice is without any question. But, even after more than thirty years, there is no full-fledged reform still.

THE OBJECTIVE: To assess the state of general medical practice in the Russian Federation to identify its strengths and weaknesses, and to determine further ways of its development. The tasks. To analyze the volume and pace of development of general medical practice; to identify its impact on key demographic, medical and social indices; to assess foreign experience in this field; to elaborate proposals on intensifying process of its development in the Russian Federation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analytical, sociological (n=1,573) and statistical methods were applied.

THE RESULTS: Since 2007, the number of general practitioners in the Russian Federation and corresponding support of the population increased. During the same time period, population size, natality, mortality, morbidity of tuberculosis, essential hypertension and cataract had positive dynamics. The morbidity of malignant neoplasms, diabetes type II, glaucoma, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases had negative dynamics. The strong negative relationship of the population’s general practitioners support was established only in case of all-cause mortality and morbidity of lungs tuberculosis. The population was more satisfied with support of general practitioner than district physician.

DISCUSSION: The general practitioner support of the population of the Russian Federation continues to be insufficient and its role in public health management insignificant. The proposals are formulated to improve primary health care and its further development based on the principles of general medical practice on the basis of corresponding best international experiences and national specificity. Hence, in Russia, the national health care requires a set of measures targeted to strengthen the position of general medical practice system throughout ll territories.

PMID:33901373 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-306-312

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):238-244. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-238-244.

ABSTRACT

The growth of population older than working age with specific age characteristics and problems inevitably results in increasing number of their visits to physicians both in out-patient and in-patient organizations. The purpose of the study is to evaluate indices of hospital medical care of patients older than working age based on the beds profile in the Russian Federation during 2012-2019. The comprehensive study was organized to investigate dynamics of the main indices of inpatient medical care of people older than working age residing at specialized hospital beds (hospitalization rate, hospital mortality, average length of stay in bed). The forms of the Federal statistical observation form № 47 and 30 for the Russian Federation in 2012-2019 were used. The statistical and analytical research methods were applied. During these 8 years, the hospitalization rate of patients older than working age increased up to 4.5% (from 27.36 to 28.6 per 100 of population of corresponding age), the hospital mortality rate – from 3.42% to 3.95%The average length of bed stay of patients decreased from 13.4 to 10.85 days that may be associated with intensification of treatment and diagnostic process. The rates of hospitalization of patients older than working age as compared with adults of able-bodied age were higher by 1.5-8.9 times for certain types of specialized medical care (ophthalmology, palliative care, nursing, cardiology, cardiac surgery, radiology, neurology, vascular surgery, oncology).

PMID:33901361 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-238-244

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):260-264. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-260-264.

ABSTRACT

The article considers the results of sociological study that was carried out to determine vector of dynamics of indices regulating duration of life of the Russian population, including the expected one. The method of secondary analysis of statistical and sociological information data was applied. Results. Against the background of decreasing of birth rate, “aging of population”, migration inflows and transformation of value systems the reduction of population size in The Russian Federation (natural loss) dominates, though life expectancy itself is slightly increasing. The high value of indicator of «death external causes» is established. The trend of steady decreasing of infant mortality in Russia over the past 27 years is marked. The groups of factors affecting life expectancy of the Russian population is identified. The main characteristics are revealed that are fundamentally important to ensure higher life expectancy of Russians. One of the demographic behavior models in modern Russia is described. The approaches to solve demographic problems in the Russian Federation, proposed by state bodies on the basis of policy documents (Concept of demographic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, etc.) are considered. The importance of health-preserving projects (such as “Moscow longevity”, etc.), is determined.

PMID:33901365 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-260-264

Plant J. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15291. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Coastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23,328) of expressed protein-coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in deeply conserved genes, while diatom-specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12-h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes.

PMID:33901335 | DOI:10.1111/tpj.15291

Aust Endod J. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/aej.12517. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) on the antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid (GA). Extracted teeth were used, being 70 to counting of colony-forming units (CFUs) and 35 to confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 7 groups: distilled water + US; 17% EDTA; Qmix; 17% GA; 17% EDTA + US; QMix + US; and 17% GA + US and kept in contact with test solution for 1 min in the groups with or no US. In the CFUs, the highest bacterial reduction was observed in QMix + US group, followed by QMix and GA + US. In the confocal evaluation, the lowest number of viable cells was observed in EDTA + US, with no statistical difference from QMix, QMix + US and GA + US (P > 0.05). The use of US improves the antimicrobial activity of EDTA and GA, being statistically different from the isolated use of these final irrigants in both evaluation tests.

PMID:33901338 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12517

Bioinformatics. 2021 Apr 26:btab255. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab255. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: We developed Quickomics, a feature-rich R Shiny-powered tool to enable biologists to fully explore complex omics statistical analysis results and perform advanced analysis in an easy-to-use interactive interface. It covers a broad range of secondary and tertiary analytical tasks after primary analysis of omics data is completed. Each functional module is equipped with customizable options and generates both interactive and publication-ready plots to uncover biological insights from data. The modular design makes the tool extensible with ease.

AVAILABILITY: Researchers can experience the functionalities with their own data or demo RNA-Seq and proteomics datasets by using the app hosted at http://quickomics.bxgenomics.com and following the tutorial, https://bit.ly/3rXIyhL. The source code under GPLv3 license is provided at https://github.com/interactivereport/Quickomics for local installation.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary materials are available at https://bit.ly/37HP17g.

PMID:33901288 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab255

Am J Bot. 2021 Apr;108(4):571-579. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1639.

ABSTRACT

PREMISE: As a leaf expands, its shape dynamically changes. Previously, we documented an allometric relationship between vein and blade area in grapevine leaves. Larger leaves have a smaller ratio of primary and secondary vein area relative to blade area compared to smaller leaves. We sought to use allometry as an indicator of leaf size and plasticity.

METHODS: We measured the ratio of vein-to-blade area from the same 208 vines across four growing seasons (2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017). Matching leaves by vine and node, we analyzed the correlation between the size and shape of grapevine leaves as repeated measures with climate variables across years.

RESULTS: The proportion of leaf area occupied by vein and blade exponentially decreased and increased, respectively, during leaf expansion making their ratio a stronger indicator of leaf size than area itself. Total precipitation and leaf wetness hours of the previous year but not the current showed strong negative correlations with vein-to-blade ratio, whereas maximum air temperature from the previous year was positively correlated.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that vein-to-blade ratio is a strong allometric indicator of leaf size and plasticity in grapevines measured across years. Grapevine leaf primordia are initiated in buds the year before they emerge, and we found that total precipitation and maximum air temperature of the previous growing season exerted the largest statistically significant effects on leaf morphology. Vein-to-blade ratio is a promising allometric indicator of relationships between leaf morphology and climate, the robustness of which should be explored further.

PMID:33901305 | DOI:10.1002/ajb2.1639

Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15247. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal arises as a consequence of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMR_O2 ) that in turn are modulated by changes in neural activity. Recent advances in imaging have achieved sub-millimeter resolution and allowed investigation of the BOLD response as a function of cortical depth. Here, we adapt our previous theory relating the BOLD signal to neural activity to produce a quantitative model that incorporates venous blood draining between cortical layers. The adjustable inputs to the model are the neural activity and a parameter governing this blood draining. A three-layer version for transient neural inputs and a multi-layer version for constant or tonic neural inputs are able to account for a variety of experimental results, including negative BOLD signals.

PMID:33901325 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.15247

Bioinformatics. 2021 Apr 26:btab254. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

MOTIVATION: The crucial role of protein interactions and the difficulty in characterising them experimentally strongly motivates the development of computational approaches for structural prediction. Even when protein-protein docking samples correct models, current scoring functions struggle to discriminate them from incorrect decoys. The previous incorporation of conservation and coevolution information has shown promise for improving protein-protein scoring. Here, we present a novel strategy to integrate atomic-level evolutionary information into different types of scoring functions to improve their docking discrimination.

RESULTS: : We applied this general strategy to our residue-level statistical potential from InterEvScore and to two atomic-level scores, SOAP-PP and Rosetta interface score (ISC). Including evolutionary information from as few as ten homologous sequences improves the top 10 success rates of individual atomic-level scores SOAP-PP and Rosetta ISC by respectively 6 and 13.5 percentage points, on a large benchmark of 752 docking cases. The best individual homology-enriched score reaches a top 10 success rate of 34.4%. A consensus approach based on the complementarity between different homology-enriched scores further increases the top 10 success rate to 40%.

AVAILABILITY: All data used for benchmarking and scoring results, as well as a Singularity container of the pipeline, are available at http://biodev.cea.fr/interevol/interevdata/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

PMID:33901284 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab254