Tag: nevin manimala

Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Feb 23;111:105311. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105311. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As a versatile and dynamic process, classroom climate directly affects the learning levels of students and their quality of life while in school.

OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to explore and compare nursing students’ perceptions of classroom climate throughout four years of university education and to evaluate the influencing factors.

DESIGN AND SETTINGS: The longitudinal study was conducted between 2017 and 2020 in the nursing department of a university in Turkey.

PARTICIPANTS: The study was carried out with 134 nursing students who enrolled in their first year and agreed to participate in the study.

METHODS: The data were collected at the end of the fall semester of each of the four years using the Student Information Form and the Classroom Climate Inventory.

RESULTS: The mean score of students’ perceptions of classroom climate was 2.88 ± 0.83 for all academic years. The classroom climate inventory mean scores of fourth-year students were statistically significantly higher than their scores in the first and third years (p = 0.000). The students’ classroom climate levels were statistically significantly affected by the positive classroom communication among students in all academic years in a positive direction. Statistically significant effective factors in students’ classroom climate perceptions by year were as follows: the sense of belongingness to the class in the second and third years (although significantly lower in the first year), socio-cultural activities organized at school the second and fourth years (p < 0.05), instructors’ attitudes supporting classroom communication in the first year, and opportunities supporting communication in the school environment in the fourth year (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Students’ perception of the classroom climate was moderate overall and affected by positive classroom communication among students in all academic years. School administrators and educators can develop strategies and organize activities to increase positive communication in the classroom.

PMID:35240399 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105311

Geriatr Nurs. 2022 Feb 28;44:221-228. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study described mobility care practice of nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists and gait aid use for hospital patients with dementia. Two surveys, tailored to staff mobility care roles were distributed in Australian hospitals. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists were asked additional questions regarding assessments and factors for prescribing gait aids to patients with dementia. Descriptive statistics for closed-ended and summative content analyses for open-ended questions were undertaken. Nurses (n=56), physiotherapists (n=11) and occupational therapists (n=23) used various practices to ensure ambulation safety for patients with dementia. Nurses and occupational therapists commonly referred patients with dementia to physiotherapists for mobility and gait aid assessments. Therapists predominantly considered the severity of dementia, the person’s learning ability and mobility history in deciding about gait aid use. Exploring ways to strengthen nursing and health professional education, and inter-professional practice for safe mobility in patients with dementia, with and without gait aids, could be helpful.

PMID:35240401 | DOI:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.017

Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Feb 22;111:105308. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105308. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To build complex digital skills and capability required by digitally-driven work environments, we must first understand nursing students’ baseline digital literacy if educators are to develop a fit for purpose curriculum underpinned by digital health technologies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine first-year pre-registration nursing students’ perceived baseline digital literacy before their first clinical placement.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTINGS: Two universities in Australia in 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Students enrolled in pre-registration nursing programs at Bachelor’s and Master’s level.

METHODS: Participants (N = 205) completed an online 27-item survey composed of a Likert-type scale, forced-choice items, and open-ended questions. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Participants engaged with digital technology early in life, with 49.75% students using some form of digital technology before ten years of age. Students reported the highest daily use of technology to search the internet for information (92%), online social networking (68.3%) and watching videos (67%). Most students expressed the least confidence in identifying different types of portable storage devices (24.1% Master’s students; 41.7% Bachelor’s students), describing the advantages of a digital camera (39.3% Master’s students; 48.3% Bachelor’s students), and totaling numbers in spreadsheets (22.8% Masters students; 48.3% Bachelor’s students). No statistical differences were observed between the two universities or the two cohorts in terms of perceived confidence in using technology and software applications to support their learning. Interestingly, 24.7% of participants expressed high confidence in using electronic medical records without prior training, which may reflect positive attitude towards engaging with unknown digital technologies.

CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students are frequent internet and social media users. However, despite positive attitudes to digital technology and widespread presence of digital technology in students’ lives, deficits in students’ confidence in using digital technology and software required for learning persist. Targeted digital literacy education interventions are needed as part of foundational nursing studies to improve nursing students’ baseline digital literacy before commencing clinical placement. These should be scaffolded across the program to ensure an effective transition to nursing practice in evolving digitally-driven healthcare environments.

PMID:35240398 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105308

Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022 Feb 24;100:104667. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104667. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the associations of the FI-lab, modified (m)FI-lab and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) with one-year mortality.

STUDY DESIGN: An observational longitudinal inception cohort of inpatients admitted to the geriatric rehabilitation wards in the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The measured ratio was defined as the proportion of measured laboratory tests to the total number of tests (n = 77). The FI-lab is the proportion of abnormal results to the total measured laboratory tests. The mFI-lab was calculated by dividing the FI-lab by the measured ratio. The measured ratio of laboratory tests, FI-lab, mFI-lab and CFS were assessed at admission to geriatric rehabilitation. Patients’ mortality data were obtained from the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria and medical records.

RESULTS: The total of 1819 inpatients had a median age of 83.3 [77.5-88.3] years and 56.5% were female. The median measured ratio, FI-lab, mFI-lab and CFS scores were 0.58 [0.47-0.70], 0.31 [0.23-0.38], 0.51 [0.38-0.69] and 6 (Abbasi et al., 2018Gill, Gahbauer, Allore & Han, 2006; Howlett et al., 2014;) respectively. The one-year mortality rate was 17.1%. The measured ratio was not associated with one-year mortality. Higher FI-lab (hazard ratio (HR)=1.180, 95%CI: 1.037-1.343), mFI-lab (HR=1.074, 95%CI: 1.030-1.119) and CFS scores (HR=1.350, 95%CI: 1.191-1.530) were associated with higher risk of one-year mortality. The area under the curve (AUC) of FI-lab, mFI-lab and CFS with one-year mortality were 0.581, 0.587 and 0.612 respectively.

CONCLUSION: The FI-lab, mFI-lab and CFS poorly predict mortality in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients despite the statistically significant associations shown.

PMID:35240386 | DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104667

Comput Biol Med. 2022 Feb 26;144:105348. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105348. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

With the development of three-dimensional (3D) scanning and measurement technologies, the internal adaptation of restorations was measured by the 3D analysis method. The purpose of this study was to explore a novel 3D digital evaluation method to assess the intraoral fitness of removable partial dentures (RPDs) and evaluate the accuracy of this novel digital method in vitro. A 3D digital method to evaluate the clinical fitness of RPD was introduced. A standard stone cast of a partially edentulous mandible simulating the oral tissues and a corresponding RPD were used to evaluate the accuracy of this novel digital method (3D analysis on duplicated polyether cast) and another reported 3D digital evaluation method (3D analysis on RPD directly) for intraoral fitness of RPD in vitro. 12 polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) replica specimens were fabricated in each method in vitro, and the thicknesses of these PVS replicas were measured by 3D analysis on duplicated polyether cast (named Polyether group), 3D analysis on RPD directly (named Denture group), and 3D analysis on the stone cast (named Stone group), respectively. The thicknesses of PVS replicas were compared with analyses of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the accuracy of these methods (α = 0.05). The accuracy based on the mean thickness of the PVS replicas of Polyether group were better than that of Denture group (P < 0.05) and had no statistical difference with that of Stone group (P > 0.05). 3D analysis on duplicated polyether cast has comparable trueness and precision to 3D analysis on the stone cast and is feasible for evaluating clinical fitness of RPD.

PMID:35240376 | DOI:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105348

Comput Biol Med. 2022 Feb 25;144:105330. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105330. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To better understand the cause of sudden unexplained death, our group evaluated the scientific results of related studies in a global context. A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed and MEDLINE databases identified 2001 studies related to this field published from 1997 to 2020. The studies were analyzed using bibliometric methods, and statistical maps were drawn to explore research trends and research frontiers. Sudden cardiac death and sudden unexpected epilepsy death were the two major causes of sudden unexplained deaths. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics in the past 10 years, molecular autopsy has become an effective research method as well as a research hotspot for exploring the cause of sudden unexplained deaths. However, molecular autopsy is underutilized in the investigation of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Developing standardized guidelines for diagnostic strategies for the deceased and their families, expanding the screening of mutation spectrum of related diseases, studying the association between variants and diseases in complex genetic diseases, and improving variants interpretation guidelines and disease sequencing databases are future research directions.

PMID:35240377 | DOI:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105330

Comput Biol Med. 2022 Feb 26;144:105354. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105354. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since January 2020, India has faced two waves of COVID-19; preparation for the upcoming waves is the primary challenge for public health sectors and governments. Therefore, it is important to forecast future cumulative confirmed cases to plan and implement control measures effectively.

METHODS: This study proposed a hybrid autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Prophet model to predict daily confirmed and cumulative confirmed cases. The built-in auto.arima function was first used to select the optimal hyperparameter values of the ARIMA model. Then, the modified ARIMA model was used to find the best fit between the test and forecast data to find the best model parameter combinations. Articles, blog posts, and news stories from virologists, scientists, and health experts related to the third wave of COVID-19 were gathered using the Python web scraping package Beautiful Soup. Their opinions (sentiments) toward the potential third wave were analyzed using natural language processing (NLP) libraries.

RESULTS: A spike in daily confirmed and cumulative confirmed cases was predicted in India in the next 180 days based on past time series data. The results were validated using various analytical tools and evaluation metrics, producing a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.14 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.06. The NLP processing results revealed negative sentiments in most articles and blogs, with few exceptions.

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that there will be more active cases in the upcoming days. The proposed models can forecast future daily confirmed and cumulative confirmed cases. This study will help the country and states plan appropriate public health measures for the upcoming waves of COVID-19.

PMID:35240374 | DOI:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105354

J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13000. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although effective, the impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss is variable, and little is known about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study investigated the association of eleven SNPs related to obesity with weight loss one year after Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in female patients.

METHODS: This prospective study included 351 women with obesity. The genotypes for eleven SNPs (GHRL – rs26802; GHSR – rs572169; LEP – rs7799039; LEPR – rs1137101; 5HT2C – rs3813929; UCP2 – rs659366; UCP3 – rs1800849; SH2B1 – rs7498665; TAS1R2 – rs35874116; TAS1R2 – rs9701796; FTO – rs9939609) were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan assays. Anthropometric measurements were performed before and one year after RYGB surgery. To evaluate the factors that influenced the proportion of weight loss 1 year after surgery, beta regression analysis was used. The models were estimated using the SAS software GLIMMIX procedure. The level of significance adopted for the statistical tests was 5%.

RESULTS: The average percentage of total body weight loss in one year was 64.4 ± 5.8% and the median was 65.0%. In assessing the proportion of weight loss in one year after surgery, using univariate analysis (beta regression), no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influenced weight loss. And in the multiple analysis, with stepwise process of variable selection, no variable was significant to compose the multiple model.

CONCLUSION: The 11 SNPs investigated did not influence weight loss one year after RYGB surgery in female patients. This result indicates that individual behaviors and other factors might better contribute to the magnitude of loss weight loss in a short period after bariatric surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35239993 | DOI:10.1111/jhn.13000

J Periodontol. 2022 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Saliva, salivary glands, gingival crevicular fluid, and supragingival biofilms may harbor SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This observational study aimed to investigate the presence and load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in supragingival, and subgingival biofilms obtained from intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

METHODS: A convenience sample, composed of 52 COVID-19+ participants (48.6 ± 14.8 years, 26.9% females), were evaluated for pre-existing comorbidities, number of teeth and periodontal data [visible plaque (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and attachment loss (AL)]. Supragingival and subgingival samples (SubDeep: four sites with the deepest PPD; SubRemain: remaining shallower sites) were analyzed by RT-qPCR with corresponding cycle quantification (Cq). Statistical analyses considered the individual (p = 5%).

RESULTS: Twenty-six participants tested positive for dental biofilms (Biofilm+) with 96.2% of them being positive for subgingival samples. Pre-existing comorbidities, number of teeth examined, VPI, PPD, AL, and BOP were similar between Biofilm+ and Biofilm-. SubDeep PPD (3.72±0.86), AL (4.34±1.33), and % of BOP (66.0±31.1) values were significantly greater compared to SubRemain values (2.84±0.48, 3.37±0.34, and 20.4±24.1, respectively). Biofilm+ Cqs showed no association with the periodontal condition. Cqs from Nasopharynx/Oropharynx (Naso/Oro; n = 36) were similar between Biofilm+ and Biofilm- participants. Length of time since ICU intake, last Naso/Oro RT-qPCR readings, onset of COVID-19 symptoms, and biofilm samplings were greater for Biofilm-.

CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients harbored SARS-CoV-2 RNA in supragingival and subgingival biofilms, irrespective of the periodontal condition and systemic viral load. The high number of positive patients highlights the need to better understand this habitat to provide adequate oral care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35239976 | DOI:10.1002/JPER.21-0623

Cancer. 2022 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/cncr.34111. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for a number of communicable and non-communicable diseases, including several types of cancer. This article reports the burden of cancers attributable to alcohol consumption by age, sex, location, sociodemographic index (SDI), and cancer type from 1990 to 2019.

METHODS: The Comparative Risk Assessment approach was used in the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study to report the burden of cancers attributable to alcohol consumption between 1990 and 2019.

RESULTS: In 2019, there were globally an estimated 494.7 thousand cancer deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 439.7 to 554.1) and 13.0 million cancer disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; 95% UI, 11.6 to 14.5) that were attributable to alcohol consumption. The alcohol-attributable DALYs were much higher in men (10.5 million; 95% UI, 9.2 to 11.8) than women (2.5 million; 95% UI, 2.2 to 2.9). The global age-standardized death and DALY rates of cancers attributable to alcohol decreased by 14.7% (95% UI, 6.4% to 23%) and 18.1% (95% UI, 9.2% to 26.5%), respectively, over the study period. Central Europe had the highest age-standardized death rates that were attributable to alcohol consumption(10.3; 95% UI, 8.7 to12.0). Moreover, there was an overall positive association between SDI and the regional age-standardized DALY rate for alcohol-attributable cancers.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite decreases in age-standardized deaths and DALYs, substantial numbers of cancer deaths and DALYs are still attributable to alcohol consumption. Because there is a higher burden in males, the elderly, and developed regions (based on SDI), these groups and regions should be prioritized in any prevention programs.

PMID:35239973 | DOI:10.1002/cncr.34111