Tag: nevin manimala

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):67-73. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_62_21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent posteruptive bacterial infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization process that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, yet there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice. Yet, there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the remineralizing effect of nonfluoride-based and herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth with an ideal in vitro method of pH cycling and evaluating the values under Polarized Light Microscope (Olympus BX43) using image analysis software (ProgRes, Speed XT core3).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 tooth samples were collected and placed in the demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce a demineralized lesion of approximately 100 μm, and then cut longitudinally into 60 sections that were randomly assigned to two groups with 27 samples each, Group A – nonfluoride-based dentifrice (Mee Mee^®), Group B – herbal-based dentifrice (Mamaearth^™), after which they were subjected to pH cycling for 7 days along with dentifrice slurry preparation. The sections were evaluated under the polarizing light microscopy for remineralizing efficacy. The lesion depth was measured and tabulated to be sent for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The mean demineralization value for nonfluoride and herbal-based dentifrice groups were 7.8730 μm and 28.3174 μm, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that since lesion depth measured was lesser in nonfluoride than herbal-based dentifrice, remineralization has occurred in the nonfluoride-based dentifrice group.

CONCLUSION: Nonfluoride-based dentifrice showed significant results in remineralizing the demineralized lesion, while herbal-based dentifrice showed poor efficiency in remineralizing the demineralized lesion.

PMID:33885390 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_62_21

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):74-78. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_16_21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the last few decades, the availability of synchrotron sources has initiated revolutionary advances in X-ray imaging.

AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of apical transportation after root canal preparation with ProTaper Gold (PTG), Hyflex electro discharge machining (HEDM), Reciproc (RPC), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SR-μCT) analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty mandibular molars were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10) according to the file system used for the root canal preparation: Group 1: PTG (25/0.08), Group 2: HEDM (25/0.08), Group 3: RPC (25/0.08), and Group 4: WOG (25/0.07). The specimens were scanned on SR-μCT system before and after the root canal preparation. Apical transportation was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm section.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Two-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used.

RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the groups. Transportation in the mesial direction was of greater magnitude than distal transportation for all the files systems.

CONCLUSION: SR-μCT can be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for further implications.

PMID:33885391 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_16_21

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):85-89. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_34_21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) has been regarded as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children. Conventional restorative management of ECC is difficult to perform in very young and apprehensive children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can be a useful tool in the management of dental caries by arresting the carious lesion in primary teeth. After SDF treatment, the dentinal staining that is associated with SDF influences the acceptance of this treatment among parents of young children.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of biannual application of 38% SDF followed by 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish for arresting dental caries in children and its parental acceptance.

METHODS: Twenty-six children aged 2-5 years with 107 active caries lesions in primary teeth were enrolled. At the baseline examination, status of carious lesions was recorded and scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II. Lesion activity was assessed by visual inspection and tactile detection. Carious lesions with score 3, 4, 5, and 6 were treated with 38%SDF application, followed by 5% NaF varnish. Children were re-evaluated at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Parental acceptance of SDF treatment was evaluated.

RESULTS: This study demonstrated that 38% SDF was 92.31% effective in arresting dental caries in primary teeth and was well accepted by parents. Chi-square test was used to assess the significant difference among the arrested lesions which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Thirty-eight percent SDF can be effectively used in arresting caries in primary teeth in young and uncooperative children.

PMID:33885393 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_34_21

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):47-52. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_533_20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application.

AIM: In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software.

METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05.

RESULTS: Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.

PMID:33885387 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_533_20

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):61-66. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_485_20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lead accumulations have been found in teeth and related to behavior deficits in children, but there is a dearth of studies in exploring the role of zinc and manganese dysregulations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the primary tooth as biomarker.

AIMS: The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the concentrations of zinc and manganese in the primary teeth serving as biomarker, in typically developing children and children with ASD.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Twelve primary incisors indicated for extraction were collected from children between the age group 6 and 9 years, for the study. Six primary incisors were obtained from children who had been diagnosed with ASD (study group). The other six teeth were obtained from typically developing children, in the similar age group.

METHODS: The primary incisors obtained were analyzed for metal concentrations using the technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: This study was statistically analyzed by student’s t-test.

RESULTS: It was observed that there are significant differences in metal concentrations found between tooth samples of ASD children and typically developing children. Zinc concentrations were double and manganese concentrations were three times, in teeth of ASD children group as compared to the children in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: Results of the current study indicate that there are considerable differences in concentrations of zinc and manganese between the two groups and support the contention that there might be an association between metal exposures of a pregnant mother and child during early years of childhood and incidence of ASD.

PMID:33885389 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_485_20

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):16-21. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_1_21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Most of the nations have proposed research regulations to protect the rights and welfare of the research participants. Among such regulations are the informed consent and assent. In the present world, informed consent and assent is the cornerstone in health practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare and evaluate the knowledge and attitude toward informed consent and assent for biomedical research involving children among health-care professionals in Belagavi city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 300 house surgeons divided into four groups of Medical, Dental, Nursing, and Ayurveda faculty of Belagavi city. A self-administered multiple choice questions were used to evaluate the knowledge and a five-point Likert scale was used to asses attitude regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and attitude among all four groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude as a whole in each group of professionals (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Emphasis on additional training is the need of the hour for all the faculty participants and also incorporation of study material regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children by the policy makers.

PMID:33885382 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_1_21

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_527_20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Propylthiouracil (PROP) (a medicated tool) and hormonal fingerprint (second to fourth digits [2D:4D]) ratio can be used for detection of caries which is most prevalent oral health disease.

AIM: This study aims to determine the role of genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) on caries risk susceptibility.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was an observational and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 570 children aged 6-12 years. PROP sensitivity test was done by PROP impregnated filter paper strips and subjects were divided accordingly into supertasters, medium-tasters, and nontasters. 2D:4D ratio was obtained by measuring length ratio of index to ring finger using Vernier caliper. Dietary preferences of the subjects were recorded. The evaluation of decayed, missing, and filled teeth/deft indices was done.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Intergroup comparisons were performed using One-way ANOVA test, independent t-test and Chi-square test at 5% significance level.

RESULTS: Positive correlation between nontasters, low digit ratio, sweet likers, and high caries index was found with a high significant difference.

CONCLUSION: Genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (biological marker) can be used for detection of caries as the present research confirmed impact of hormones on taste perception.

PMID:33885385 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_527_20

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):42-46. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_523_20.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate and compare the body mass index (BMI) of school-going children with bruxism and without bruxism of age between 6 and 12 years.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: To find the correlation between BMI and oral habit bruxism among school children and compare with those children without bruxism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 6122 children were screened from 28 government and 12 private schools, in which 1854 (30.28%) had various types of oral habits. Among this 280 children had the stressful habit bruxism. The BMI of those children was calculated by measuring the height and weight. The values were compared with the BMI of same number of students of same age group, who does not have any oral habits, with the WHO standard. The values were calculated and tabulated for the statistical analysis, using the SPSS software version 19 (IBM company) with the P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

RESULTS: Its shows that children with bruxism has high BMI range, was in the order of overweight > Normal > Underweight, but the BMI of children without any habit was in the order of normal > Underweight > Overweight. On comparison, it was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The habit bruxism had a positive correlation with the BMI of children. The children are more stressed from both indoor and outdoor. Hence, kindly educate all the parents, teachers, and public to identify the cause for the habit, because each oral habit is strongly deep rooted with some emotional and/or psychological problem and to make the children stress free in future.

PMID:33885386 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_523_20

J Med Internet Res. 2021 Apr 22;23(4):e24237. doi: 10.2196/24237.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Approximately 5%-10% of elementary school children show delayed development of fine motor skills. To address these problems, detection is required. Current assessment tools are time-consuming, require a trained supervisor, and are not motivating for children. Sensor-augmented toys and machine learning have been presented as possible solutions to address this problem.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines whether sensor-augmented toys can be used to assess children’s fine motor skills. The objectives were to (1) predict the outcome of the fine motor skill part of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (fine MABC-2) and (2) study the influence of the classification model, game, type of data, and level of difficulty of the game on the prediction.

METHODS: Children in elementary school (n=95, age 7.8 [SD 0.7] years) performed the fine MABC-2 and played 2 games with a sensor-augmented toy called “Futuro Cube.” The game “roadrunner” focused on speed while the game “maze” focused on precision. Each game had several levels of difficulty. While playing, both sensor and game data were collected. Four supervised machine learning classifiers were trained with these data to predict the fine MABC-2 outcome: k-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and support vector machine (SVM). First, we compared the performances of the games and classifiers. Subsequently, we compared the levels of difficulty and types of data for the classifier and game that performed best on accuracy and F1 score. For all statistical tests, we used α=.05.

RESULTS: The highest achieved mean accuracy (0.76) was achieved with the DT classifier that was trained on both sensor and game data obtained from playing the easiest and the hardest level of the roadrunner game. Significant differences in performance were found in the accuracy scores between data obtained from the roadrunner and maze games (DT, P=.03; KNN, P=.01; LR, P=.02; SVM, P=.04). No significant differences in performance were found in the accuracy scores between the best performing classifier and the other 3 classifiers for both the roadrunner game (DT vs KNN, P=.42; DT vs LR, P=.35; DT vs SVM, P=.08) and the maze game (DT vs KNN, P=.15; DT vs LR, P=.62; DT vs SVM, P=.26). The accuracy of only the best performing level of difficulty (combination of the easiest and hardest level) achieved with the DT classifier trained with sensor and game data obtained from the roadrunner game was significantly better than the combination of the easiest and middle level (P=.046).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that sensor-augmented toys can efficiently predict the fine MABC-2 scores for children in elementary school. Selecting the game type (focusing on speed or precision) and data type (sensor or game data) is more important for determining the performance than selecting the machine learning classifier or level of difficulty.

PMID:33885371 | DOI:10.2196/24237

Aging (Albany NY). 2021 Apr 22;13. doi: 10.18632/aging.202882. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Transcriptome differences between Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), which are all derived from B cell, remained unclear. This study aimed to construct lymphoma-specific diagnostic models by screening lymphoma marker genes. Transcriptome data of HL, DLBCL, and MCL were obtained from public databases. Lymphoma marker genes were screened by comparing cases and controls as well as the intergroup differences among lymphomas. A total of 9 HL marker genes, 7 DLBCL marker genes, and 4 MCL marker genes were screened in this study. Most HL marker genes were upregulated, whereas DLBCL and MCL marker genes were downregulated compared to controls. The optimal HL-specific diagnostic model contains one marker gene (MYH2) with an AUC of 0.901. The optimal DLBCL-specific diagnostic model contains 7 marker genes (LIPF, CCDC144B, PRO2964, PHF1, SFTPA2, NTS, and HP) with an AUC of 0.951. The optimal MCL-specific diagnostic model contains 3 marker genes (IGLV3-19, IGKV4-1, and PRB3) with an AUC of 0.843. The present study reveals the transcriptome data-based differences between HL, DLBCL, and MCL, when combined with other clinical markers, may help the clinical diagnosis and prognosis.

PMID:33885377 | DOI:10.18632/aging.202882