Tag: nevin manimala

PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Dec 6;17(12):e1009638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009638. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This work studies the effects of the two rounds of Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) at the origin of the vertebrate lineage on the architecture of the human gene regulatory networks. We integrate information on transcriptional regulation, miRNA regulation, and protein-protein interactions to comparatively analyse the role of WGD and Small Scale Duplications (SSD) in the structural properties of the resulting multilayer network. We show that complex network motifs, such as combinations of feed-forward loops and bifan arrays, deriving from WGD events are specifically enriched in the network. Pairs of WGD-derived proteins display a strong tendency to interact both with each other and with common partners and WGD-derived transcription factors play a prominent role in the retention of a strong regulatory redundancy. Combinatorial regulation and synergy between different regulatory layers are in general enhanced by duplication events, but the two types of duplications contribute in different ways. Overall, our findings suggest that the two WGD events played a substantial role in increasing the multi-layer complexity of the vertebrate regulatory network by enhancing its combinatorial organization, with potential consequences on its overall robustness and ability to perform high-level functions like signal integration and noise control. Lastly, we discuss in detail the RAR/RXR pathway as an illustrative example of the evolutionary impact of WGD duplications in human.

PMID:34871317 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009638

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 6;16(12):e0260972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260972. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Unmet family planning is one of the common causes for low contraceptive prevalence rates in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Rapid urbanization had profound effect on population health, however, little is known about the unmet need of family planning in settings where there was increased industrializations and internal migrations in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the unmet need for family planning services among currently married women and identify factors associated with it in Bishoftu town, Eastern Ethiopia.

METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January to 28th February, 2021 among 847 randomly sampled currently married women of the reproductive age group. Data were collected using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable and a 95% confidence interval was used to declare the presence of statistical significance associations.

RESULTS: Eight hundred twenty-eight women were participated in the study. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning among currently married women was 26% [95% CI: 23,29]. Maternal age [AOR, 3.00, 95% CI:1.51-5.95], educational status [AOR, 2.49, 95% CI:1.22-5.07], occupational status of self-employee [AOR, 1.98, 95% CI:1.15-3.39] and housewife [AOR, 1.78, 95% CI:1.02-3.12], being visited by health care provider in the last 12 months [AOR, 1.81, 95% CI: 1.26-2.60] and desired number of children less than two [AOR, 1.53, 95% CI:1.01-2.30] were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.

CONCLUSIONS: Unmet need for family planning was higher in the study area compared with the United Nations sphere standard of unmet need for family planning and the national average, and slightly lower than the regional average. Socio-demographic, economic, and health institution factors were determinants of the unmet need for family planning in the study area. Therefore, health education and behaviour change communication related to family planning services should be strengthened and access to family planning services should be improved.

PMID:34871318 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0260972

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 6;16(12):e0260512. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260512. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This research proposes a new multi-membrane search algorithm (MSA) based on cell biological behavior. Cell secretion protein behavior and cell division and fusion strategy are the main inspirations for the algorithm. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm, we used 19 benchmark functions to compare the MSA test results with MVO, GWO, MFO and ALO. The number of iterations of each algorithm on each benchmark function is 100, the population number is 10, and the running is repeated 50 times, and the average and standard deviation of the results are recorded. Tests show that the MSA is competitive in unimodal benchmark functions and multi-modal benchmark functions, and the results in composite benchmark functions are all superior to MVO, MFO, ALO, and GWO algorithms. This paper also uses MSA to solve two classic engineering problems: welded beam design and pressure vessel design. The result of welded beam design is 1.7252, and the result of pressure vessel design is 5887.7052, which is better than other comparison algorithms. Statistical experiments show that MSA is a high-performance algorithm that is competitive in unimodal and multimodal functions, and its performance in compound functions is significantly better than MVO, MFO, ALO, and GWO algorithms.

PMID:34871309 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0260512

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 6;16(12):e0260241. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260241. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gaucher’s disease is associated with a high variety of structural and functional abnormalities in the eye, which do not always affect visual acuity. The purpose of this study was to analyse ocular features in Spanish patients with Gaucher’s disease type I, and to investigate their possible correlation with phenotypic and burden parameters of this entity.

METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study compared parameters belonging to 18 eyes from 9 Spanish patients with Gaucher’s disease Type I with 80 eyes from 40 healthy controls. Complete ophthalmological examination included choroidal and retinal thickness maps with swept source optical coherence tomography. Systemic analysis included genotype, plasmatic biomarkers, [ferritin, chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) and chitotriosidase (ChT)] and severity scoring systems results [“Gaucher Disease Severity Score Index Type I” (GauSSI-I) and “Gaucher disease severity scoring system” (GD-DS3)].

RESULTS: Nine subjects (18 eyes) were cases (female: 55.5%, mean age 45 years; male: 44.5%, mean age 36 years) and 40 subjects (80 eyes) were controls (female: 49%, mean age 50 years; male: 51%, mean age 55 years). There were no statistically significant differences when comparing ocular parameters (visual acuity; axial length, refractive errors, corneal parameters, lens, retinal and choroidal thickness) between case and control subjects (p>0.05). A statistically significant moderate correlation was observed between lower retinal thickness and choroidal quadrants thickness and greater disease severity scores. A lower central retinal thickness also correlates with higher biological plasmatic levels, and has a statistically significant association with the most affected patient with genotype N370S/Del 55pb. Conversely, higher pachymetry involves a more severe plasmatic concentration of biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that pachymetry, and retinal and choroidal thickness, are associated with burden biomarkers and disease severity index scores in Spanish patients with Gaucher’s disease Type I.

PMID:34871300 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0260241

Vet Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/vop.12960. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish the allele frequency of the PLL-causing G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation in the Portuguese Podengo population in the UK and investigate a possible correlation between the mutation and short stature.

METHODS: Two groups of dogs (Group 1 and Group 2) were recruited for the purpose of the study. Group 1 (n = 40) consisted of dogs which were genotyped only and Group 2 (n = 42) consisted of dogs which were genotyped, underwent a full ophthalmological examination and also had their height measured at the withers.

RESULTS: In Group 1, genotyping for the ADAMTS17:c.1473+1G>A mutation confirmed 1/40 homozygous for the mutated allele (-/-), 7/40 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/-), and 32/40 homozygous for the wild-type allele (+/+) dogs. In Group 2, genotyping of the dogs confirmed 6/42 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/-) and homozygous for the wild-type allele (+/+) dogs. In total, 1/82 (1.2%) dogs were confirmed to be homozygous for the mutated allele, 13/82 (15.8%) heterozygous for the mutated allele and 68/82 (83%) homozygous for the wild-type allele. The frequency of the mutated allele across both groups was calculated as 0.09. A statistically significant correlation between the mutation and short stature could not be established (p = .590).

CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the mutation calculated in this study (0.09) is high. Genetic testing should be considered for each dog prior to breeding with a view of selective breeding.

PMID:34870369 | DOI:10.1111/vop.12960

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28016. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulmonary pulse wave transit time (pPTT) is a contrast agent free, vascular imaging biomarker, but has not been validated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

PURPOSE: To validate PREFUL with echocardiographic pPTT as a reference standard and to compare arterial/venous pPTT mapping with spirometry and clinical parameters.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION: Twenty-one patients (62% female) with COPD and 44 healthy participants (50% female).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T; 2D-spoiled gradient-echo sequence.

ASSESSMENT: Three coronal PREFUL MRI slices, echocardiography, and spirometry including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, liter) and predicted defined as FEV1 in% divided by the population average FEV1%, were performed. Pulmonary pulse transit time from the main artery to the microvasculature (PREFUL pPTT), to the right upper lobe vein (PREFUL pPTT_av , echo pPTT_av ), from microvasculature to right upper lobe vein (PREFUL_vein ) and the ratio of PREFUL pPTT to PREFUL pPTT_vein were calculated. Body mass index (BMI), Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) stage 1-4, disease duration, and cigarette packs smoked per day multiplied by the smoked years (pack years) were computed.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Shapiro-Wilk-test, paired-two-sided-t-tests, Bland-Altman-analysis, coefficient of variation, Pearson ρ were applied, pPTT data were compared between 21 subjects from the 44 healthy subjects who were age- and sex-matched to the COPD cohort, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: PREFUL pPTT_av significantly correlated with echo pPTT_av (ρ = 0.95) with 1.85 msec bias, 95% limits of agreement: 55.94 msec, -52.23 msec in all participants (P = 0.59). In the healthy participants, PREFUL and echo pPTT_av significantly correlated with age (ρ = 0.81, ρ = 0.78), FEV1 (ρ = -0.47, ρ = -0.34) and BMI (ρ = 0.56, ρ = 0.51). In COPD patients, PREFUL pPTT significantly correlated with FEV1 predicted (ρ = -0.59), GOLD (ρ = 0.53), disease duration (ρ = 0.54), and pack years (ρ = 0.49).

DATA CONCLUSION: Arteriovenous PTT measured by PREFUL MRI corresponds precisely to echocardiography and appears to be feasible even in severe COPD.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

PMID:34870363 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28016

Hum Brain Mapp. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25736. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been increasingly used to characterize the brain transient temporal functional patterns and their alterations in diseased brains. Meanwhile, naturalistic neuroimaging paradigms have been an emerging approach for cognitive neuroscience with high ecological validity. However, the test-retest reliability of dFC in naturalistic paradigm neuroimaging is largely unknown. To address this issue, we examined the test-retest reliability of dFC in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under natural viewing condition. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of four dFC statistics including standard deviation (Std), coefficient of variation (COV), amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and excursion (Excursion) were used to measure the test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability of dFC in naturalistic viewing condition was then compared with that under resting state. Our experimental results showed that: (a) Global test-retest reliability of dFC was much lower than that of static functional connectivity (sFC) in both resting-state and naturalistic viewing conditions; (b) Both global and local (including visual, limbic and default mode networks) test-retest reliability of dFC could be significantly improved in naturalistic viewing condition compared to that in resting state; (c) There existed strong negative correlation between sFC and dFC, weak negative correlation between dFC and dFC-ICC (i.e., ICC of dFC), as well as weak positive correlation between dFC-ICC and sFC-ICC (i.e., ICC of sFC). The present study provides novel evidence for the promotion of naturalistic paradigm fMRI in functional brain network studies.

PMID:34870361 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.25736

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Combining genetic variants with neuroimaging phenotypes may facilitate understanding of the biological mechanisms for the etiology and pharmacology of antidepressant treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

PURPOSE: To explore the latent pathway of dopamine gene-hierarchical brain network-antidepressant treatment.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

POPULATION: One hundred and sixty-eight MDD inpatients divided into responders (N = 98) or nonresponders (N = 70) based on the treatment outcome of antidepressant.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Diffusion tensors imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T using echo-planar sequence.

ASSESSMENT: Four genetic variations of the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) were genotyped. Strengths of rich-club, feeder, and local connections were calculated based on the rich-club organizations of structural and functional brain networks at baseline and following 4 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the impact of DRD1 multilocus genetic profile score on the treatment response of SSRI, and their associations with strengths of rich-club, feeder, and local connections. Mediation models were developed to explore the mediation role of rich-club organizations on the relationship between DRD1 and SSRI therapy response. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

RESULTS: Multiple genetic variations of DRD1 were significantly related to the strengths of feeder connections both in structural and functional networks, and to the treatment response of SSRI. Furthermore, the strength of the structural feeder connection significantly modulated the effect of DRD1 variants on SSRI treatment outcome.

DATA CONCLUSION: DRD1 displayed close connections both with SSRI treatment outcome and rich-club organizations of structural and functional data. Moreover, structural feeder connection played a mediating role in the relationship between DRD1 and antidepressant therapy.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 4.

PMID:34870351 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28017

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12852. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to discuss the considerations that need to be evaluated when considering the replacement of an existing maxillary anterior fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) with another FDP, or when to consider converting to implants and individual crowns on the previous abutment teeth.

OVERVIEW: The need to replace unesthetic or failing maxillary anterior FDPs is something all restorative dentists will be faced with multiple times in their careers. Given the emphasis over the past few decades on utilizing implants for tooth replacement as opposed to a tooth supported FDP, the question becomes when is converting the existing FDP to implants and single crowns an appropriate choice, as opposed to redoing a new FDP. This article will focus on the risks of choosing to convert to an implant solution, and the risks of redoing the tooth supported FDP. Multiple systematic reviews on each approach will be used to aid in the decision process. The most significant risks for both approaches will be identified, and a chart of the key parameters to assess will be presented, along with their impact.

CONCLUSIONS: The statistical outcomes at 5 and 10 years of tooth supported FDPs, and Implant based restorations are very similar if certain clinical parameters are met, namely vital healthy abutment teeth for the FDP, and adequate bone and soft tissue for the implant-based restoration. If one abutment tooth is compromised the long-term prognosis drops significantly and converting to an implant-based restoration may be more predictable. Similarly, if adequate bone and soft tissue cannot be obtained through surgical augmentation procedures, using a connective tissue graft for the ridge, and redoing the FDP may obtain a more acceptable esthetic result.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A significant number of maxillary anterior FDPs exist that will need replacement in the future. Given the desire of many dentists to utilize implants when possible, there can be a tendency to automatically treatment plan an implant-based approach for replacement of the existing FDP. Certainly, most clinicians would favor an implant-based tooth replacement rather than preparing unrestored teeth to place an FDP, but when an existing FDP exists, the teeth have already been prepared for full coverage in most instances. In addition, for most long term existing FDPs, there is a significant change in the vertical and horizontal dimension of the bone and soft tissue that can make getting an acceptable esthetic result with an implant challenging. This article provides a systematic approach to identifying when redoing the FDP may be preferable, or when converting to an implant-based approach is a better choice.

PMID:34870356 | DOI:10.1111/jerd.12852

Conserv Biol. 2021 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13861. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34870340 | DOI:10.1111/cobi.13861