Tag: nevin manimala

Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022 Feb 11;28:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.02.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to develop a multivariable predictive model for the risk of placental vascular complications (PVC), by using biochemical, biophysical, anamnestic and clinical maternal features available at the first trimester. PVC include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, placenta abruption, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and stillbirth. Prospective study that included all singleton pregnancies attending the first-trimester aneuploidy screening (11 +0-12 +6 weeks) at Obstetrics Unit of the University Hospital of Modena, in Northern Italy, between June 2018 and December 2019. In a total of 503 women included in the analysis, 40 patients were in the PVC group. The final prediction model for PVC included the following independent variables: pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.04; 6.75, p = 0.0415), increasing values of mean arterial pressure (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02; 1.10, p = 0.0008), PAPP-A < 2.40465 U/L (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19; 0.96, p = 0.0388) and decreasing values of PlGf (MoM) (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10; 0.79, p = 0.0153). The area under the ROC curve was 79.4% indicating a satisfactory predictive accuracy. The best predictive cut-off for this score was equal to -2.562, which corresponds to a 7.2 % probability of having PVC. By using such a cut-off, the risk of PVC can be predicted in our sample with sensitivity equal to 82,4 % and specificity equal to 69,9 %. This model for early prediction of PVC is a promising tool to early identify women at greater risk for placenta vascular complications.

PMID:35168013 | DOI:10.1016/j.preghy.2022.02.002

J Biomed Inform. 2022 Feb 12:104008. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Generalized Linear Mixed Model is one of the most pervasive class of statistical models. It is widely used in the medical domain. Training such models in a collaborative setting often entails privacy risks. Standard privacy preserving mechanisms such as differential privacy can be used to mitigate the privacy risk during training the model. However, experimental evidence suggests that adding differential privacy to the training of the model can cause significant utility loss which makes the model impractical for real world usage. Therefore, it becomes clear that the specific class of generalized linear mixed models which lose their usability under differential privacy requires a different approach for privacy preserving model training. In this work, we propose a value-blind training method in a collaborative setting for generalized linear mixed models. In our proposed training method, the central server optimizes model parameters for a generalized linear mixed model without ever getting access to the raw training data or intermediate computation values. Intermediate computation values that are shared by the collaborating parties with the central server are encrypted using homomorphic encryption. Experimentation on multiple datasets suggests that the model trained by our proposed method achieves very low error rate while preserving privacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that performs a systematic privacy analysis of generalized linear mixed model training in collaborative setting.

PMID:35167978 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104008

J Genet Genomics. 2022 Feb 12:S1673-8527(22)00034-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Food intake is generally assumed to reflect a regulatory tension between homeostatic and hedonic drivers. Information from individuals with memory dysfunction suggests that episodic memory may also play a significant role. We reasoned that if memory influences food intake, then disrupting a genetic factor that is important in episodic memory formation should affect food intake and energy balance. We performed spatial learning tests on neuronal specific endophilin A1 (EENA1) KO mice using the four-arm baited version of the radial arms maze (RAM). Energy regulation has also been evaluated. As anticipated neuronal EENA1 KO mice had impaired spatial memory. However, loss of endophilin A1 did not result in greater food intake, or altered energy absorption efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT) mice, when fed either low or high fat diets. Moreover, loss of EENA1 did not significantly affect other features of energy balance – physical activity and energy expenditure. No statistically significant changes were observed in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides related to food intake regulation, or circulating levels of leptin. We conclude that food intake and energy balance are largely governed by homeostatic and hedonic processes, and when these processes are intact memory probably plays a relatively minor role in food intake regulation.

PMID:35167981 | DOI:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.005

Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Feb 12:S1201-9712(22)00097-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low ADAMTS 13 Activity has been suggested as an interplaying factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, considering that it is a thrombo-inflammatory disease with high risk of microthrombosis.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore the correlation between ADAMTS13 activity and the pathophysiological pathway of COVID-19.

PATIENTS/METHODS: We carried out a retrospective observational study of 87 COVID-19 patients in Nmc Royal Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE. ADAMTS13 activity was measured and compared with patients’ characteristics and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: Low ADAMTS13 level was associated with pneumonia (p=0.007), severity of COVID-19 (p<0.001), and mechanical ventilation rates (p=0.018). Death was more frequently observed among patients (5 patients) with low ADAMTS13 activity compared to normal activity (1 patient), as well as inflammatory markers. Decreased ADAMTS13 levels increased the risk of pneumonia, severity of COVID-19, need for mechanical ventilation, and use of anticoagulants ((OR= 4.75, 95%CI: [1.54-18.02], p=0.011), (OR= 6.50, 95%CI: [2.57-17.74], p<0.001), (OR= 4.10, 95%CI: [1.29-15.82], p=0.024), (OR=8.00, 95%CI: (3.13-22.16), p<0.001), respectively). The low ADAMTS13 activity group had a slightly longer time to viral clearance than the normal ADAMTS13 group, but it was not statistically significant. (20 days, 95% CI: [16-27] days, vs. 17 days, 95% CI: [13-22] days, p=0.08, Log rank= 3.1).

CONCLUSION: Low ADAMTS13 activity has been linked to pneumonia, COVID-19 severity, use of anticoagulants, and need for mechanical ventilation, but not to mortality. We propose rADAMTS13 as a novel treatment for severe COVID-19.

PMID:35167969 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.019

Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2022 Feb 15;19(1). doi: 10.1515/ijnes-2021-0127.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine differences in principles from the cognitive load theory (CLT) combined with active learning strategies. To examine these differences, simple to complex activities were imbedded into two active learning instructional strategies: cooperative learning (CPL) and problem-based learning (PBL) and evaluated for its impact on mental effort for learning and intrinsic cognitive load. A two-within repeated-measures design was used in a nursing fundamentals classroom. The simple and complex activities were grounded in recommendations from the CLT and validated by nurse experts. The instructional strategies of CPL and PBL were chosen based on recommendations from the literature. Results revealed no statistically significant differences. A small interaction showed a decrease in mental effort and intrinsic load when problem-based learning was used. Progressing learning activities from simple to complex, informed by the CLT, offers an approach to designing instruction in nursing classrooms when using active learning strategies.

PMID:35166089 | DOI:10.1515/ijnes-2021-0127

J Perinat Med. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0575. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between postpartum depression (PPD), mode of delivery (MOD), and indication for unscheduled cesarean delivery (uCD).

METHODS: Patients with antenatal and postpartum Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were compared by MOD and indication for uCD if applicable. Patients with an antenatal EPDS>12 were excluded to ascertain the incidence of new depression. The primary outcome was EPDS≥13 by MOD. The secondary outcome was EPDS≥13 by indication for uCD.

RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirty eight patients met inclusion criteria. There were statistically significant differences in MOD by age, race, BMI, and multi-gestation pregnancy. Patients delivered via uCD had a higher rate of peripartum complications and NICU admission. There were no differences in medical comorbidities or use of psychiatric medications by MOD. There was no difference in EPDS by MOD. The rate of PPD was higher in patients with uCD for non-reassuring fetal heart tones (NRFHT) compared to other indications for uCD (p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: While there was no difference in the incidence of PPD by MOD, the incidence of PPD was higher among patients delivered via uCD for NRFHT. These findings may have implications for patient counseling, post-operative mental health surveillance, and support of postpartum patients.

PMID:35166090 | DOI:10.1515/jpm-2021-0575

J Korean Med Sci. 2022 Feb 14;37(6):e45. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e45.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the trend of self-injurious behavior (SIB) among persons who were directly impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially those with pre-existing mental disorders.

METHODS: Using the National Health Insurance Service-COVID-19 database cohort, the monthly SIB rate was calculated by COVID-19 subgroups (i.e., positive for COVID-19 test, negative for COVID-19 test, and non-COVID-19 test [control]). In addition, moderated regression analysis was utilized to examine the statistical difference of SIB (suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury using ICD-10 code) trend between COVID-19 subgroups and with and without pre-existing mental disorder.

RESULTS: A total of 328,373 persons were included in the cohort study. Of these, 212,678 had been tested for COVID-19, and 7,713 of them were confirmed positive. During the pandemic peak, the “negative for COVID-19” group showed a large increase (P = 0.003) in SIB rates compared to the control group, the “positive for COVID-19” group showed a decreasing trend, but not significant (P = 0.314). Among those who were tested for COVID-19, those with pre-existing mental disorders showed an increasing trend of SIB compared to those without pre-existing mental disorders, however statistically insignificant (P = 0.137).

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that people who are tested for COVID-19 are at a high risk of SIB during the peak COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, screening for suicide risk and psychological interventions is needed for these high-risk groups.

PMID:35166081 | DOI:10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e45

Adv Clin Exp Med. 2022 Feb 15. doi: 10.17219/acem/145946. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both intraoperative hypotension and hypertension have been reported to increase the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the impact of the intraoperative pulse pressure (PP) on the latter complications remains relatively unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To explore whether high intraoperative PP values are associated with postoperative AKI.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data for this study come from a prospective cohort study in which patients who underwent abdominal surgery between October 1, 2018 and July 15, 2019 in university hospital in Katowice, Poland were included in the analysis. Preand intraoperative data, including blood pressure measurements, were acquired from medical charts. Several PP thresholds were applied: >50, >55, >60, >65, >70, >75, >80, >85, and >90 mm Hg. Additionally, by analyzing the maximal PP during the procedures, the cutoff point for the occurrence of outcomes was estimated. Postoperative AKI was considered as the outcome of the study. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess PP relationship with AKI.

RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety-four patients were included in the analysis. The AKI was present in 32 (6.5%) cases. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis estimated a cutoff point of >84 mm Hg of maximal PP to be associated with the outcome. The PP values above 80 mm Hg and onward were successfully included in the multivariable statistical models. A model in which PP > 90 mm Hg (odds ratio (OR) = 4.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): [1.53; 10.62]) was included, had the best predicting value in predicting hypoperfusion injury (area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) = 0.88). Apart from PP, intraoperative hypotension, presence of chronic arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and procedure duration were independently associated with AKI.

CONCLUSIONS: High intraoperative PP may be associated with the occurrence of postoperative AKI. However, the effect of high PP should be confirmed in other noncardiac populations to prove the generalizability of our results.

PMID:35166075 | DOI:10.17219/acem/145946

Adv Clin Exp Med. 2022 Feb 15. doi: 10.17219/acem/131961. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The production of inflammatory mediators is critical for tenocytes proliferation and migration, which play an important role in rotator cuff injury repair and regulation of collagen. MicroRNA (miRNA)-205 (miR-205) promotes the secretion of inflammatory factors. The mechanism of the tenocytes regulation by miR-205 remains unknown. In this paper, we showed that miR-205 can regulate the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of tenocytes.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the function and mechanism of miR-205/MeCP2 pathway on the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of rotator cuff tenocytes, in order to provide a new perspective on the repair of rotator cuff tear injury.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The tenocytes were collected under sterile conditions from the Achilles tendons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (weighing 150-200 g). The cells of passages 2-4 were used for the following experiments. All miRNA and vectors were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, luciferase reporter assay, and migration assay were performed. Then, immunoblotting analysis and statistical analysis were conducted.

RESULTS: The CCK-8 and migration assay revealed that miR-205 inhibition resulted in increased tenocytes proliferation, migration and fibrosis. The miR-205 reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of MECP2, which is involved in cell proliferation and migration of tenocytes. The miR-205 inhibited luciferase intensity under the control of the 3’UTRs of MECP2.

CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of MECP2 reversed the effect of miR-205 inhibitor on tenocytes, including the proliferation and migration of tenocytes, indicating that miR-205 may be valuable in miRNA-based therapies for rotator cuff injury.

PMID:35166074 | DOI:10.17219/acem/131961

ESC Heart Fail. 2022 Feb 15. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13841. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The effects of inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-1, as opposed to SGLT2, on cardiovascular structure and function are not well known. We assessed the associations of a missense genetic variant of SGLT1 with cardiac structure and function.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated associations of a functionally modifying variant of SLC5A1 (rs17683011 [p.Asn51Ser]), the gene that encodes SGLT1, with cardiac structure and function on echocardiography among middle-aged adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Of 1904 participants (55.3 ± 3.5 years, 57% female, 34% Black), 166 (13%) White participants and 18 (3%) Black participants had at least one copy of rs17683011. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, glucose, or diabetes status by the presence of the rs17683011 variant. In Black participants, the presence of at least one copy of the rs17683011 variant was significantly associated with better GLS compared with those without a copy of the variant after covariate adjustment (-15.8 ± 0.7% vs. -14.0 ± 0.1%, P = 0.02). Although the direction of effect was consistent, the association between the presence of at least one copy of rs17683011 and GLS was not statistically significant in White participants (-15.1 ± 0.2% vs. -14.8 ± 0.1%, P = 0.16). There were no significant associations between rs17683011 and other measures of LV structure, systolic function, or diastolic function.

CONCLUSIONS: The rs17683011 variant, a functionally modifying variant of the SGLT1 gene, was associated with higher GLS among middle-age adults. These exploratory findings require further validation and suggest that SGLT1 inhibition may have beneficial effects upon LV systolic function.

PMID:35166069 | DOI:10.1002/ehf2.13841