Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40173. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23976-y.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to introduce several novel indices to evaluate the apical morphological and dynamical features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) and hypertensive patients using echocardiography. A total of 125 selected subjects underwent echocardiography imaging, 35 patients with AHCM, 45 patients with essential hypertension and 45 healthy controls. The apical morphological and dynamic features included apical-basal wall thickness ratio (ABR, maximal apical wall thickness / posterior basal wall thickness), apical angle (apA), peak blood flow velocity at the apical cavity (V_ap) and its ratio to the velocity at left ventricular outflow tract (V_ap/ V_lvot), and, relative apical longitudinal strain [RALS, RALS = apical longitudinal strain (LS_apical)/ sum of basal and mid LS (LS_basal +LS_middle)]. Patients with hypertension had lower apA, higher Vap compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). However, ABR, V_ap/ V_lvot, RALS between the 2 groups showed no statistically difference. Compared to healthy controls and hypertensives, AHCM had significantly higher ABR, V_ap/ V_lvot, and lower apA, RALS (p < 0.001 for all). The echocardiographic parameters (ABR, apA, Vap/Vlvot, and RALS) demonstrate promising performance in characterizing apical morphology and dynamics between hypertensive patients and those with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, suggesting potential value for future investigations exploring diagnostic applications. Echocardiography is a valuable and promising tool to assess the apical morphology and dynamics.

PMID:41249817 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23976-y

Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02325-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Human languages show astonishing variety, yet their diversity is constrained by recurring patterns. Linguists have long argued over the extent and causes of these grammatical ‘universals’. Using Grambank-a comprehensive database of grammatical features across the world’s languages-we tested 191 proposed universals with Bayesian analyses that account for both genealogical descent and geographical proximity. We find statistical support for about a third of the proposed linguistic universals. The majority of these concern word order and hierarchical universals: two types that have featured prominently in earlier work. Evolutionary analyses show that languages tend to change in ways that converge on these preferred patterns. This suggests that, despite the vast design space of possible grammars, languages do not evolve entirely at random. Shared cognitive and communicative pressures repeatedly push languages towards similar solutions.

PMID:41249815 | DOI:10.1038/s41562-025-02325-z

Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02348-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Computational modelling is a powerful tool for uncovering hidden processes in observed data, yet it faces underappreciated challenges. Among these, determining appropriate sample sizes for computational studies remains a critical but overlooked issue, particularly for model selection analyses. Here we introduce a power analysis framework for Bayesian model selection, a method widely used to choose the best model among alternatives. Our framework reveals that while power increases with sample size, it decreases as more models are considered. Using this framework, we empirically demonstrate that psychology and human neuroscience studies often suffer from low statistical power in model selection. A total of 41 of 52 studies reviewed had less than 80% probability of correctly identifying the true model. The field also heavily relies on fixed effects model selection, which we demonstrate has serious statistical issues, including high false positive rates and pronounced sensitivity to outliers.

PMID:41249814 | DOI:10.1038/s41562-025-02348-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24166-6.

ABSTRACT

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare genitourinary tumor associated with notable psychosexual distress and poor prognosis. Traditional prognostic factors for pSCC include TNM stage and histological grade, with lymph node metastases being a critical indicator of poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the following immunohistochemistry markers routinely used in histopathology practice: GATA3, IMP3, HIF-1-α, CK7, CA-IX, HER2, and TTF-1. A retrospective cohort of 145 patients with pSCC was analyzed using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical techniques. Overall survival (OS) was correlated statistically with detected marker expression. Key findings include that low GATA3 expression is associated with significantly worse OS in univariate Cox regression truncated at 3 years of follow-up. Low GATA3 retained prognostic impact when adjusted for major clinicopathological variables: Age, pT and pN stage, grade, lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion, lymphocytic infiltrate, and expression of p16, p53, and PD-L1. Low GATA3 expression was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) at 10 years follow-up. IMP3, CK7, and CA-IX showed statistically insignificant trends towards poorer prognosis. CK7 and CA-IX were more frequently expressed in high grade pSCC and in p16/HPV-positive tumors. IMP3 and CA-IX were associated with regional lymph node metastases. All cases were negative in TTF-1 and HER2. This study suggests GATA3 as a potential prognostic marker in pSCC.

PMID:41249810 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-24166-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40094. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23965-1.

ABSTRACT

Good near-visual acuity is essential for the independent administration of insulin and monitoring of diabetes. Older individuals with diabetes often experience a significant rate of near-visual impairment, which can impact their future functional status and quality of life. Despite this, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of near-visual impairment and its associated factors in Africa, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of near visual impairment among adult diabetic patients attending the diabetic care clinic of Adare General Hospital in southern Ethiopia, 2023. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 adult diabetic patients at Adare General Hospital in southern Ethiopia from April 23 to June 8, 2023. Systematic random sampling was employed to select the participants for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, medical record reviews, and eye examinations. To identify potential factors associated with near visual impairment, binary logistic regression was performed. The strength of the associations was expressed as adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. A variable with a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of NVI was 75% (95%CI: 71.1-78.7). Age greater than 65 years (AOR = 5.38, 95% CI: 2.00-14.48), being married (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.01-8.34), diabetes duration of ≥ 7 years (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.31-4.52), hypertension (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.02-4.21), distance visual impairment (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.35-9.55), and diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 7.46, 95% CI: 3.06-18.19) were positively associated with near visual impairment. This study revealed a high prevalence of near visual impairment among adult diabetic patients, significantly associated with older age, marital status, longer duration of diabetes, hypertension, distance visual impairment, and diabetic retinopathy. Routine near vision screening and timely optical correction should be considered as part of comprehensive diabetic care.

PMID:41249802 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23965-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40141. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23881-4.

ABSTRACT

Metaheuristic algorithms are widely used to address complex real-world optimization problems, but many existing algorithms face challenges such as slow convergence, low accuracy, and susceptibility to local optima. The newly proposed Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO), while demonstrating effectiveness across domains, still suffers from these limitations in practical applications, restricting its performance in solving complex optimization tasks like wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment. To address these shortcomings, this study aims to enhance CPO’s overall performance by developing an improved version called the Enhanced Crested Porcupine Optimizer (ECPO). The methodology of ECPO integrates four key enhancement strategies: (1) Sobol sequences for population initialization, ensuring uniform distribution of initial solutions to boost global search capability; (2) a guided search strategy based on the global optimal solution, directing the algorithm toward optimal regions to reduce ineffective exploration; (3) an adaptive Lévy flight search strategy, maintaining population diversity and improving convergence accuracy; and (4) a centroid-based reverse learning strategy for population updates, expanding search space coverage and accelerating convergence. The performance of ECPO was validated on four authoritative benchmark suites (CEC2014, CEC2017, CEC2020, CEC2022) by comparing it with classical algorithms (e.g., PSO, DE), recently proposed algorithms (e.g., BKA, SBOA), and CEC-winning algorithms (e.g., LSHADE, AGSK). Statistical results show ECPO outperformed most comparison algorithms in 93.81%, 93.33%, 75.71%, and 86.90% of tests on the four benchmarks, respectively, exhibiting significant advantages in convergence speed, accuracy, and stability. Additionally, when applied to WSN node deployment optimization, ECPO achieved a higher coverage rate (average 84.95%) and better robustness than competing algorithms, with more rational node distribution and minimal resource waste. These findings confirm that ECPO effectively overcomes the limitations of the original CPO and outperforms many state-of-the-art optimizers. As a high-performance metaheuristic algorithm, ECPO not only excels in numerical optimization but also demonstrates broad applicability in practical engineering problems like WSN deployment, providing a reliable tool for solving complex optimization challenges.

PMID:41249790 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23881-4

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40088. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23828-9.

ABSTRACT

Nigeria seeks to address the growing burden of hypertension and related diseases by reducing excessive dietary sodium through national dietary policymaking. This study aims to describe the levels and sources of dietary sodium intake among Nigerian adults to inform these policies. From June 2023 to July 2023, adults aged 18 to 69 years old were recruited from the Federal Capital Territory, Kano, and Ogun states to participate in a population-based, cross-sectional demographic health survey. Data were also collected to assess levels and dietary sources of sodium through four 24-h dietary recalls by trained study personnel. The primary analyses included the distribution of sodium intake and sources of sodium, in aggregate and by sex and state. Results were weighted to the Nigerian population. Multivariate regression models evaluated associations between baseline sociodemographic factors and sodium intake. Among 537 participants, 365 (68.0%) were female, median (IQR) age was 38 (27, 48) years, and 27.2% and 15.1% had a self-reported history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Most (90.7%) participants completed all 4 dietary recalls. Weighted median (IQR) daily sodium intake according to repeated 24-h dietary recalls was 3,876 (3,169, 4,783) mg per day with higher intake reported among males (3,832 [3,201, 4,658] mg/dl) compared with females (3,515 [2,859, 4,313], p < .0001). Nearly two-thirds (62.1%) of sodium came from discretionary sources, including 27.2% from salt and 32.5% from salty seasonings, 24.0% came from restaurant or street food, and 8.6% came from non-discretionary sources at home (i.e., sodium inherent in foods). Salt and salty seasonings added at the table accounted for 10.7% of sodium intake and was highest among females (21.6%) and males (16.2%) in Kano (p < .0001). On the other hand, sodium from street food was highest in males (35.7%) and females (34.2%) in Ogun. Older participants 60-69 years (adjusted beta [95% CI] = -332.8 mg (-639.0, -6.6) mg) had lower daily sodium intake compared to participants 30-44 years. Results were similar when excluding individuals with cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Adults in the Federal Capital Territory, Kano, and Ogun consume nearly twice the recommended level of dietary sodium. Most dietary sodium intake came from home cooked foods, nearly two-thirds of which were consumed from discretionary sources, which has important policy implications for dietary sodium policy implementation.

PMID:41249787 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23828-9

Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Nov 17;184(12):768. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06598-4.

ABSTRACT

Epidemiological data on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children and adolescents is sparse and available primarily for the USA. In Europe, the burden and management of VTE have rarely been subjects of nationwide analyses.We conducted a nationwide, retrospective, patient-level analysis of the Swiss medical statistics an administrative data collection including 1961 hospitalizations (1653 incident events) with VTE aged 19 or younger between 2004 and 2023. We estimated the disease-specific incidence rate, in-hospital case fatality rates, length of stay (LOS), and related admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Furthermore, we evaluated therapeutic procedures.The incidence rate of incident VTE-related hospitalizations was 4.9 (95%CI 4.7; 5.2) per 100,000 children and adolescents per year. The in-hospital case fatality rate was 4.0% (95%CI 3.2; 5.0); the median LOS was 8 (Q1-Q3 4-24) days. Systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed treatment, and inferior vena cava filters were used in less than 15% of patients. Among patients receiving systemic thrombolysis, the in-hospital case fatality rate was 19.4% (95%CI 12.6; 28.5), whereas patients managed with catheter-directed treatment had a rate of 8.0% (95%CI 3.2; 18.8). 39.3% of patients were admitted to ICU. Age- and sex-specific differences in incidence rate, proportion of hospital admissions, and in-hospital case fatality rate were observed, particularly among infants aged < 1 year and adolescents aged 15-19 years.

CONCLUSION: VTE among children and adolescents is rare with age- and sex-specific differences in incidence. Patients who underwent advanced treatment strategies presented with a substantial risk of in-hospital death despite treatment, especially evident among patients aged 0-9 years.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Venous thromboembolism and in extension pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are rare diseases among children and adolescents.

WHAT IS NEW: • We provided national estimates for measures of occurrence of venous thromboembolism from a European country. • We analyzed the management of these patients with a focus on advanced treatment strategies, providing estimates on the in-hospital fatality rate.

PMID:41249729 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-025-06598-4

Arch Sex Behav. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1007/s10508-025-03253-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We examined the association between sexual orientation at age 15.5 years and depressive symptoms at age 17 years and whether this association was explained by a path involving earlier pubertal timing leading to worse inhibitory control at age 15.5 years using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. A total number of 5,125 adolescents were included (46.65% adolescent males and 87.38% White). Age at peak height velocity was derived from multiple height assessments annually from childhood to adolescence and used as an objective measure of pubertal timing. We found that adolescents who were unsure of their sexual orientation did not differ statistically significantly from their heterosexual counterparts in either pubertal timing or depressive symptoms. Sexual minority adolescents reported both earlier pubertal timing and more depressive symptoms than heterosexual adolescents. Sexual orientation disparities in depressive symptoms could potentially be explained by earlier pubertal timing reported by sexual minority adolescents than heterosexual adolescents, but not by the indirect path through earlier pubertal timing leading to worse inhibitory control. The results were consistent across both sexes, suggesting that pubertal timing makes a small contribution to sexual orientation disparities in depressive symptoms.

PMID:41249693 | DOI:10.1007/s10508-025-03253-9

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1007/s00405-025-09760-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential tool in postoperative care, particularly for complex procedures like Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery (ETSBS), where patient comprehension of recovery instructions is critical. This study aimed to compare the readability, understandability, and actionability of postoperative instructions generated by three AI platforms (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Gemini).

METHODS: Each platform was prompted to create ETSBS postoperative instructions. Readability was assessed using Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Reading Ease (FKRE). The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for printable materials (PEMAT-P) was used to evaluate understandability and actionability. Two outputs per platform were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: Gemini had the highest FKRE score (52.18), followed by DeepSeek (46.46) and ChatGPT (39.85), though differences were not significant (p = 0.458). FKGL was lowest in Gemini (9.07), compared to DeepSeek (9.82) and ChatGPT (10.87) (p = 0.469). Understandability scores were highest in ChatGPT and DeepSeek (76.45%), while Gemini scored lower (63.30%, p = 0.005). ChatGPT showed the highest actionability (58.5%), followed by DeepSeek (51.0%) and Gemini (45.15%), with no significant difference (p = 0.645). A strong inverse correlation was found between FKRE and FKGL (r = -0.998, p = 0.000). Correlations with understandability and actionability were moderate and non-significant (p > 0.1).

CONCLUSION: While AI platforms generated similarly readable content, significant differences emerged in usability. None met optimal standards for patient education, highlighting the need for clinician review before clinical application.

PMID:41249683 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-025-09760-8