Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 8;11(1):20029. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99187-y.

ABSTRACT

Inhibiting sprouting of potatoes is an interesting subject needed for potato storage and industry. Sprouting degrades the quality of tuber along with releasing α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are harmful for health. Sprout suppressants, available in the market, are either costly or toxic to both health and environment. So, there is a need for developing countries to explore new sprouting suppressant compound which is cheap, non-toxic and reasonably efficient in comparison to commercial ones. We have established that simple maleic acid and L-tartaric acid are effective sprout suppressing agents. Both can hinder sprouting up to 6 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment respectively at room temperature in dark. These do not affect the quality parameters, retain the moisture content and maintain the stout appearance of the tubers along the total storage period. Thus maleic acid and L-tartaric acid would qualify as alternative, cheap, efficient sprout suppressant for potato storage and processing.

PMID:34625595 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-99187-y

Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 8;11(1):20030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99138-7.

ABSTRACT

In this article, the primary focus is to investigate the heat transfer effects with viscous compressible laminar flow in the permeable elliptic cylinder. The Reynolds number is kept 100 for flow to be laminar. The physics of heat transfer is selected to be coupled with the laminar flow. The results for particular step-size time for Velocity distribution, pressure profile, temperature profile, isothermal temperature contours, and drag coefficient have been analyzed. Mesh has been generated through COMSOL, mesh entities have been elaborated statistically. The maximum and minimum velocity profile is observed at the elliptical cylinder’s walls and upper, lower boundary respectively. The maximum velocity observed is 2.22 m/s. Pressure profile around elliptic corners is found maximum, distinct patterns are observed even under the influence of applied heat. Temperature is observed maximum at walls but it gradually increases as moving from the upper boundary towards the lower boundary. The isothermal contour patterns are observed maximum near the walls, drag coefficient of gradual decrease is observed. COMSOL multi-physics is utilized for mathematical modeling of problems and the Backward-Differentiation-Formula has been exploited to handle problems numerically. The results will help greatly to understand the characterizations of viscous fluids and in industries like air furnaces and automobile cooling systems.

PMID:34625588 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-99138-7

Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 8;11(1):20000. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99282-0.

ABSTRACT

Peoples’ recreation and well-being are closely related to their aesthetic enjoyment of the landscape. Ecosystem service (ES) assessments record the aesthetic contributions of landscapes to peoples’ well-being in support of sustainable policy goals. However, the survey methods available to measure these contributions restrict modelling at large scales. As a result, most studies rely on environmental indicator models but these do not incorporate peoples’ actual use of the landscape. Now, social media has emerged as a rich new source of information to understand human-nature interactions while advances in deep learning have enabled large-scale analysis of the imagery uploaded to these platforms. In this study, we test the accuracy of Flickr and deep learning-based models of landscape quality using a crowdsourced survey in Great Britain. We find that this novel modelling approach generates a strong and comparable level of accuracy versus an indicator model and, in combination, captures additional aesthetic information. At the same time, social media provides a direct measure of individuals’ aesthetic enjoyment, a point of view inaccessible to indicator models, as well as a greater independence of the scale of measurement and insights into how peoples’ appreciation of the landscape changes over time. Our results show how social media and deep learning can support significant advances in modelling the aesthetic contributions of ecosystems for ES assessments.

PMID:34625594 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-99282-0

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2021 Oct 7:fetalneonatal-2021-321633. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321633. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease has not been fully characterised owing to its heterogeneity. We analysed neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease in Japan to clarify its clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis.

DESIGN: Retrospective observational study from January 2004 to March 2020.

SETTING: Population based.

PATIENTS: Patients (281) with neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease diagnosed by biochemical and genetic approaches.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease types, initial symptoms, biochemical findings, molecular diagnosis and prognosis.

RESULTS: Of the 281 patients, multisystem mitochondrial disease was found in 194, Leigh syndrome in 26, cardiomyopathy in 38 and hepatopathy in 23 patients. Of the 321 initial symptoms, 236 occurred within 2 days of birth. Using biochemical approaches, 182 patients were diagnosed by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity rate and 89 by oxygen consumption rate. The remaining 10 patients were diagnosed using a genetic approach. Genetic analysis revealed 69 patients had nuclear DNA variants in 36 genes, 11 of 15 patients had mitochondrial DNA variants in five genes and four patients had single large deletion. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed the effects of Leigh syndrome (HR=0.15, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.63, p=0.010) and molecular diagnosis (HR=1.87, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.96, p=0.008) on survival.

CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease has a heterogenous aetiology. The number of diagnoses can be increased, and clarity regarding prognosis can be achieved by comprehensive biochemical and molecular analyses using appropriate tissue samples.

PMID:34625524 | DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2021-321633

Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 8;12(1):5913. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25944-2.

ABSTRACT

OTULIN is a deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves linear ubiquitin chains. Here we demonstrate that the ablation of Otulin selectively in keratinocytes causes inflammatory skin lesions that develop into verrucous carcinomas. Genetic deletion of Tnfr1, knockin expression of kinase-inactive Ripk1 or keratinocyte-specific deletion of Fadd and Mlkl completely rescues mice with OTULIN deficiency from dermatitis and tumorigenesis, thereby identifying keratinocyte cell death as the driving force for inflammation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing comparing non-lesional and lesional skin reveals changes in epidermal stem cell identity in OTULIN-deficient keratinocytes prior to substantial immune cell infiltration. Keratinocytes lacking OTULIN display a type-1 interferon and IL-1β response signature, and genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of these cytokines partially inhibits skin inflammation. Finally, expression of a hypomorphic mutant Otulin allele, previously shown to cause OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome in humans, induces a similar inflammatory phenotype, thus supporting the importance of OTULIN for restraining skin inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.

PMID:34625556 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-25944-2

J Neurointerv Surg. 2021 Oct 8:neurintsurg-2021-017936. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017936. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pediatric neurointervention is challenged by the appropriateness of adult catheters and devices. This multicenter report on the smallest groin access sheaths offers technical notes and clinical outcomes in the pediatric neurointerventional population.

METHODS: All pediatric neurointerventional cases from 2019 to 2021 were reviewed for use of a 3.3F Pediavascular or a 4F Merit Prelude Ideal low profile sheath. Hospital records were reviewed for complications and technical notes and compared with arterial groin access with the 4F Terumo Pinnacle in infants less than 1 year old, before the low profile sheaths at one author’s institution were introduced.

RESULTS: From January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 there were 347 procedures performed at Boston Children’s Hospital and University of Wisconsin. Forty-four procedures in 26 patients were identified in which a 3.3F (38 cases, 20 patients) or 4F (6 cases, 6 patients) sheath was used. The average age was 2.2 years (1.5 days to 18 years). Retinoblastoma intra-arterial chemotherapy infusion (18 of 44) was the most common indication. The remaining procedures comprised vein of Galen embolization (12), diagnostic cerebral angiography (13), and one preoperative tumor embolization. Morbidity included a groin hematoma and decreased pulses (4.5%). No major groin complications occurred. There was no statistically significant difference compared with the historical cohort (132 procedures), which had seven instances of decreased pulses (5.3%, p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The 3.3F Pediavascular and 4F Merit Prelude Ideal sheaths are easily incorporated into the pediatric neurointerventionalist’s armamentarium for infants and readily accommodate various microcatheters for distal embolization and catheterization.

PMID:34625510 | DOI:10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017936

J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021 Oct 8:jech-2021-217607. doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-217607. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Most studies on the health impact of occupational stress use single-point measures of stress at work. This study analyses the associations of properties of entire employment trajectories over an extended time period with a composite score of allostatic load (AL).

METHODS: Data come from the French CONSTANCES cohort, with information on adverse employment histories between ages 25 and 45 and a composite score of AL (based on 10 biomarkers, range 0-10) among people aged 45 or older (47 680 women and 45 035 men). Data were collected by questionnaires (including retrospective employment histories) or by health examinations (including blood-based biomarkers). We distinguish six career characteristics: number of temporary jobs, number of job changes, number of unemployment periods, years out of work, mode occupational position and lack of job promotion.

RESULTS: For both men and women, results of negative binomial regressions indicate that adverse employment histories are related to higher levels of AL, particularly histories that are characterised by a continued disadvantaged occupational position, repeated periods of unemployment or years out of work. Findings are adjusted for partnership, age and education, and respondents with a health-related career interruption or early retirement are excluded.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights physiological responses as a mechanism through which chronic stress during working life is linked to poor health and calls for intervention efforts among more disadvantaged groups at early stages of labour market participation.

PMID:34625518 | DOI:10.1136/jech-2021-217607

Occup Environ Med. 2021 Oct 8:oemed-2021-107544. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107544. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: There is rising concern regarding possible health effects from exposure to pesticides in residents living near agricultural land. Some studies indicated increased risks of reporting symptoms of anxiety and depression among agricultural workers but less is known about the mental and perceived health of rural residents. We aimed to study possible associations between self-reported psychological distress (SPD) and self-perceived health (SPH) in residents near pesticide-treated agricultural land.

METHODS: Using the Public Health Monitor national survey from 2012, we selected 216 932 participants who lived in rural and semi-urban areas of the Netherlands and changed addresses at most once in the period 2009-2012. Psychological distress (PD) was assessed via the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) and participants were asked to assess their own health. We estimated the area of specific crop groups cultivated within buffers of 50 m, 100 m, 250 m and 500 m around each individual’s residence for the period 2009-2012. Association between these exposure proxies and the outcomes was investigated using logistic regression, adjusting for individual, lifestyle and area-level confounders.

RESULTS: Overall, results showed statistically non-significant OR across all buffer sizes for both SPD and SPH, except for the association between SPH and ‘all crops’ (total area of all considered crop groups) with OR (95% CI) ranging from 0.77 (0.63 to 0.93) in 50 m to 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) in 500 m. We observed that most ORs were below unity for SPH.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence that residential proximity to pesticide treated-crops is associated with PD or poorer perceived health.

PMID:34625506 | DOI:10.1136/oemed-2021-107544

Life Sci Alliance. 2021 Oct 8;4(12):e202101126. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202101126. Print 2021 Dec.

ABSTRACT

The yeast chromatin protein Set4 is a member of the Set3-subfamily of SET domain proteins which play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression in diverse developmental and environmental contexts. We previously reported that Set4 promotes survival during oxidative stress and regulates expression of stress response genes via stress-dependent chromatin localization. In this study, global gene expression analysis and investigation of histone modification status identified a role for Set4 in maintaining gene repressive mechanisms within yeast subtelomeres under both normal and stress conditions. We show that Set4 works in a partially overlapping pathway to the SIR complex and the histone deacetylase Rpd3 to maintain proper levels of histone acetylation and expression of stress response genes encoded in subtelomeres. This role for Set4 is particularly critical for cells under hypoxic conditions, where the loss of Set4 decreases cell fitness and cell wall integrity. These findings uncover a new regulator of subtelomeric chromatin that is key to stress defense pathways and demonstrate a function for Set4 in regulating repressive, heterochromatin-like environments.

PMID:34625508 | DOI:10.26508/lsa.202101126

BMJ. 2021 Oct 8;375:n2368. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2368.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and premature mortality in Canada.

DESIGN: Population based quasi-experimental study.

SETTING: Canada.

PARTICIPANTS: 663 100 respondents to the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Canadian censuses aged 25-89 years who had consistently lived in areas with either high or low PM_2.5 levels over five years preceding census day and moved during the ensuing five years.

INTERVENTIONS: Changes in long term exposure to PM_2.5 arising from residential mobility.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was deaths from natural causes. Secondary outcomes were deaths from any cardiometabolic cause, any respiratory cause, and any cancer cause. All outcomes were obtained from the national vital statistics database.

RESULTS: Using a propensity score matching technique with numerous personal, socioeconomic, health, and environment related covariates, each participant who moved to a different PM_2.5 area was matched with up to three participants who moved within the same PM_2.5 area. In the matched groups that moved from high to intermediate or low PM_2.5 areas, residential mobility was associated with a decline in annual PM_2.5 exposure from 10.6 μg/m³ to 7.4 and 5.0 μg/m³, respectively. Conversely, in the matched groups that moved from low to intermediate or high PM_2.5 areas, annual PM_2.5 increased from 4.6 μg/m³ to 6.7 and 9.2 μg/m³. Five years after moving, individuals who experienced a reduction in exposure to PM_2.5 from high to intermediate levels showed a 6.8% (95% confidence interval 1.7% to 11.7%) reduction in mortality (2510 deaths in 56 025 v 4925 deaths in 101 960). A greater decline in mortality occurred among those exposed to a larger reduction in PM_2.5. Increased mortality was found with exposure to PM_2.5 from low to high levels, and to a lesser degree from low to intermediate levels. Furthermore, the decreases in PM_2.5 exposure were most strongly associated with reductions in cardiometabolic deaths, whereas the increases in PM_2.5 exposure were mostly related to respiratory deaths. No strong evidence was found for the changes in PM_2.5 exposure with cancer related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS: In Canada, decreases in PM_2.5 were associated with lower mortality, whereas increases in PM_2.5 were associated with higher mortality. These results were observed at PM_2.5 levels considerably lower than many other countries, providing support for continuously improving air quality.

PMID:34625469 | DOI:10.1136/bmj.n2368