Tag: nevin manimala

Int J Radiat Biol. 2022 Jan 7:1-28. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2024294. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Yangjiang and Enping areas in South China to assess whether the risk of lens opacity induced by natural high background radiation exposure is modulated by polymorphisms of ATM and TP53.Materials and methods: A total of 133 cases who were diagnosed with cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) opacity were recruited, and 419 healthy controls were selected through counter-matching in terms of radiation status. Genomic DNA from all the participants was genotyped with the Illumina platform for four single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATM (rs189037, rs373759, and rs4585) and TP53 (rs1042522). The cumulative lens dose received during the entire life was estimated based on annual indoor and outdoor radiation doses and gender- and age-specific occupancy factors. Non-conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: ATM rs189037 and TP53 rs1042522 were significantly related to cortical and PSC opacity. The risk of opacity was higher when individuals carried the A allele of ATM rs189037 and C allele of TP53 rs1042522, compared with GG genotype. ATM rs189037 A allele carriers (AG/AA) and TP53 rs1042522 C allele carriers (CG/CC) combined with a cumulative lens dose of 100 mGy or higher showed statistically significant opacity risks (OR =5.51, 95% CI: 1.47-20.66; OR =2.69, 95% CI: 1.10-6.60).Conclusion: The A allele of ATM rs189037 and C allele of TP53 rs1042522 increase the risk of lens opacity induced by radiation. These polymorphisms in ATM and TP53 might modify the risk of cortical and PSC opacity induced by chronic and prolonged low-dose radiation.

PMID:34995174 | DOI:10.1080/09553002.2022.2024294

IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2022 Jan 7;PP. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3137172. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Deep learning networks can be applied to the field of intelligent prediction of part surface roughness. However, the surface roughness samples of parts have the problems of high collection cost, unbalanced categories, and complicated data distribution, which inevitably limit the application of deep learning network models in the field of intelligent prediction of part surface roughness. To solve these problems, this article proposes a novel data augmentation method based on CoralGAN for prediction of part surface roughness, which introduces the domain adaptive method deep coral function to help optimize the network parameters of the generator of generative adversarial network (GAN). Specifically, the vibration signal collected during processing is converted into frequency spectrum data and input into CoralGAN. The training of the generator is guided by coral loss, that is, the distance between the covariances of the real samples and generated samples features, not just the statistical consistency of the traditional GAN. Experiments have been carried out on the three-axis vertical machining center. Research shows that the proposed method can improve the prediction accuracy of part surface roughness to 95.5%.

PMID:34995197 | DOI:10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3137172

Multivariate Behav Res. 2022 Jan 7:1-2. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2021.2009327. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34995143 | DOI:10.1080/00273171.2021.2009327

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Jan 7. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00687.2021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The number of research studies investigating whether similar or different cardiovascular responses or adaptations exist between males and females are increasing. Traditionally, difference-based statistical methods (e.g., t-test, ANOVA, etc.) have been implemented to compare cardiovascular function between males and females, with a P-value >0.05 used to denote similarity between sexes. However, an absence of evidence (i.e., large P-value) is not evidence of absence (i.e., no sex differences). Equivalence testing determines whether two measures or groups provide statistically equivalent outcomes, in that they differ by less than an ‘ideally prespecified’ smallest effect size of interest. Our perspective discusses the applicability and utility of integrating equivalence testing when conducting sex comparisons in cardiovascular research. An emphasis is placed on how cardiovascular researchers may conduct equivalence testing across multiple study designs (e.g., cross-sectional comparisons, repeated measures intervention, etc.). The strengths and weaknesses of this statistical tool are discussed. Equivalence analyses are relatively simple to conduct, may be used in conjunction with traditional hypothesis testing to interpret findings, and permits the determination of statistically equivalent responses between sexes. We recommend that cardiovascular researchers consider implementing equivalence testing to better our understanding of similar and different cardiovascular processes between sexes.

PMID:34995165 | DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00687.2021

J Clin Oncol. 2022 Jan 7:JCO2101460. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01460. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate whether a panel of circulating protein biomarkers would improve risk assessment for lung cancer screening in combination with a risk model on the basis of participant characteristics.

METHODS: A blinded validation study was performed using prostate lung colorectal ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial data and biospecimens to evaluate the performance of a four-marker protein panel (4MP) consisting of the precursor form of surfactant protein B, cancer antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytokeratin-19 fragment in combination with a lung cancer risk prediction model (PLCO_m2012) compared with current US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening criteria. The 4MP was assayed in 1,299 sera collected preceding lung cancer diagnosis and 8,709 noncase sera.

RESULTS: The 4MP alone yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.82) for case sera collected within 1-year preceding diagnosis and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.76) among the entire specimen set. The combined 4MP + PLCO_m2012 model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.88) for case sera collected within 1 year preceding diagnosis. The benefit of the 4MP in the combined model resulted from improvement in sensitivity at high specificity. Compared with the USPSTF2021 criteria, the combined 4MP + PLCO_m2012 model exhibited statistically significant improvements in sensitivity and specificity. Among PLCO participants with ≥ 10 smoking pack-years, the 4MP + PLCO_m2012 model would have identified for annual screening 9.2% more lung cancer cases and would have reduced referral by 13.7% among noncases compared with USPSTF2021 criteria.

CONCLUSION: A blood-based biomarker panel in combination with PLCO_m2012 significantly improves lung cancer risk assessment for lung cancer screening.

PMID:34995129 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.21.01460

Int Orthod. 2022 Jan 3:100606. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.100606. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to compare CVM staging between African American (AA) and Caucasian (CC) subjects, grouped based on gender. The secondary objectives were to conduct a CVM comparison of (1) male vs. female subjects, grouped based on their race, and (2) AA vs. CC subjects, categorized based on their age group.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients between 8-18 years of age (University of XXX), meeting the criteria, were included between the period of the year 2007 to 2020. Three blinded independent evaluators analysed the lateral cephalograms for a 6-stage CVM system (CS1 to CS6) as described by McNamara and Franchi. Samples were divided based on race, gender, and age to conduct the statistical analysis for racial and gender comparisons.

RESULTS: Out of the initial 1,300 lateral cephalograms, 1,276 with the mean age: 12.7 years SD 2.5 years, and median CVM: 4 (IQR: 25% percentile- 2 and 75% percentile- 4) were included. Gender-specific racial age comparison showed no significant differences for male subjects for most of the CVM stages (P>0.05). Overall and race-specific gender comparison of age showed significant differences for almost all CVM stages (P<0.05). No significant difference of CVM was found on racial comparison for overall, females (P=0.6131) or males (P=0.0825) subjects. On age-specific racial comparison, AA girls (8-10 years) were skeletally more mature than CC girls (P=0.0143); over 14-year-old CC girls (P<0.0001) and over 16-year-old CC boys (P=0.0008), being skeletally more mature than AA boys of the same age.

CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between AA and CC subjects on gender-specific comparisons for most of the CVM stages. A significant difference of age was observed for most of the CVM stage between male and female subjects on race-specific comparisons. Female patients were ahead in skeletal maturity as compared to males for each CVM stage. The CVM for 8-12-year-old AA females was significantly higher than that of the CC females, whereas the CVM for>14-year-old CC females was significantly higher than AA females.

PMID:34991999 | DOI:10.1016/j.ortho.2021.100606

J Surg Educ. 2022 Jan 3:S1931-7204(21)00350-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.12.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The 2020 match integrated former osteopathic and allopathic residency programs under single Graduate Medical Education accreditation. We describe the composition of general surgery residency programs prior to the 2020 integration and provide a baseline to monitor future progress.

DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional data provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges for the 2018 academic year were analyzed. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the characteristics of residents by program type and program location. Logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with the presence of osteopathic (DO) residents. An alpha of 0.05 defined statistical significance.

SETTING: Data were collected and analyzed at a United States osteopathic medical school.

PARTICIPANTS: All civilian surgery residencies that approved the 2018 Program Survey.

RESULTS: Out of 285 programs, the percentages with at least one DO resident were significantly different among university (44.0%), university-affiliated (62.7%) and community (78.4%) programs (p < 0.001). DO residents made up 41.4% of community residents, 13.3% of university-affiliated residents, and 2.8% of university residents (p < 0.001). A significant regional difference was observed, as DO residents made up 16.9% of residents in the central region, compared to 10.4% in the northeast, 7.0% in the south and 8.9% in the west (p = 0.004). The logistic regression analysis found that the presence of DO residents at a program was significantly related to the type of program (Affiliated vs University OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.5; Community vs University OR = 5.2, 95% CI 1.9-14.4) and the presence of DO faculty (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.8) (all p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: We observed significant differences in the presence of DO residents in different program types. As surgical education transitions to single accreditation, this study identifies opportunities for greater integration between osteopathic and allopathic surgery training programs.

PMID:34991989 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.12.006

Diagn Interv Imaging. 2022 Jan 3:S2211-5684(21)00265-5. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2021.12.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify attenuation threshold value on computed tomography (CT) that allowed discriminating between interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP) and necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) in patients with acute pancreatitis during the first week of the disease and evaluate interobserver reproducibility for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis category.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with acute pancreatitis who underwent CT examination of the abdomen between March 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively included. Actual diagnosis of IEP or NP was based on final clinical report, follow-up evaluation, and complications. Six regions of interest were manually placed in the pancreatic gland and peripancreatic fat, and differences in CT attenuation values before contrast injection and during the portal venous phase of enhancement were computed. Performance in the diagnosis of AP category was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interobserver agreement was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis was used to estimate reproducibility between pairs of observers.

RESULTS: Sixty-six patients with NP (46 men, 20 women; mean age, 55 ± 17 [SD] years; age range: 20-89 years) and 70 patients with IEP (39 men, 31 women; mean age, 54 ± 18 [SD] years; age range: 21-87 years) were included. An enhancement value less than 30 Hounsfield units (HU) in the pancreatic gland during the portal phase compared to non-contrast phase, yielded 90.9% sensitivity (60/66; 95% CI: 81.3-96.6), 94.3% specificity (66/70; 95% CI: 86.0-98.4) and an area under curve of 0.958 (95% CI: 0.919-0.996) for the diagnosis of NP versus IEP. Interobserver reproducibility for pancreas enhancement was good using Bland Altman plot and ICC was excellent for pancreatic gland analysis (ICC 0.978; 95% CI: 0.961-0.988) but poor or moderate (ICC ≤0.634) regarding peripancreatic fat necrosis.

CONCLUSION: By using a pancreas enhancement threshold value of 30 HU, CT is accurate and reproducible for the diagnosis of NP during the first week of the disease.

PMID:34991994 | DOI:10.1016/j.diii.2021.12.003

Surgeon. 2022 Jan 4:S1479-666X(21)00199-2. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several hip preserving techniques have been described for the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This systematic review identified prognostic factors in the treatment of ONFH that are associated with treatment failure and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in November 2021. All clinical trials comparing two or more treatments for femoral head osteonecrosis were accessed. A multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between baseline characteristics and the surgical outcome. A multiple linear model regression analysis through the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was used.

RESULTS: Data from 88 articles (6112 procedures) were retrieved. Female gender was associated with increased time to THA (P = 0.03) and reduced rate of THA (P = 0.03). Longer symptom duration before treatment was associated with shorter time to failure (P = 0.03). Increased pre-treatment VAS was associated with reduced time to failure (P = 0.03) and time to THA (P = 0.04). Reduced pre-treatment hip function was associated with increased rate of THA (P = 0.02) and failure (P = 0.005). Patient age and BMI, aetiology, time from surgery to full weight bearing and the side did not show evidence of a statistically significant association with the surgical outcome.

CONCLUSION: Male gender, longer symptom duration before treatment, higher VAS scores, and lower HHS scores were negative prognostic factors after treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

PMID:34991986 | DOI:10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.004

Surgeon. 2022 Jan 3:S1479-666X(21)00201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The use of social media that facilitates access to surgical training is increasing among general practitioners/surgeons. The present study aimed to evaluate the educational quality of videos on social media and the medical education websites in terms of trabeculectomy surgery.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional and register-based study, the term “trabeculectomy” has been searched on 22 websites containing medical surgery training videos. Demographical features and descriptive statistics of videos are noted. All videos were evaluated independently by two ophthalmologists according to DISCERN, Journal of American Medical Association, and Global Quality scoring system. The main 11 steps of trabeculectomy surgery were taken into consideration in each video and Video Quality Score was determined based on these steps.

THE MAIN FINDINGS: In total, 731 videos were watched and 634 were excluded and 97 videos were included in the study. The total quality of all videos according to DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and VQS scores were 31.6 ± 9.1 (poor quality), 1.3 ± 0.4 (poor quality), 2.6 ± 0.9 (fair quality), and 6.9 ± 2.1 (poor quality) respectively. Only 6 of the 97 evaluated videos included all the steps of trabeculectomy surgery. Videos have longer duration, videos with narration or videos with descriptive subtitles were found to be significantly higher quality than those are not.

CONCLUSSION: The educational quality of internet videos may be far from the quality it should be and it is indisputable that it is necessary to be able to access surgical educational videos that are peer-viewed and whose quality is not doubted.

PMID:34991985 | DOI:10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.006