Tag: nevin manimala

Pediatr Investig. 2021 Jan 25;5(2):140-147. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12233. eCollection 2021 Jun.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: The prevalence and characteristics of short stature (SS) among children in China should be assessed to provide guidance for planning and implementation of nationwide public health policies. Thus far, there have been no accurate estimates of the prevalence of SS in China.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of SS among children in China and to explore the influences of sex, area, age, study year, and study site on prevalence rates.

METHODS: Relevant literature was identified by searching the following databases: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, WeiPu, and WanFang databases. Meta-analysis was carried out using STATA 11.2.

RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 39 studies with 348 326 Chinese participants; the studies covered 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. The pooled prevalence of SS was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6%-3.7%; I ² = 99.8%). The prevalence of SS in boys and girls were 3.1% (95% CI, 2.5%-3.7%) and 3.2% (95% CI, 2.6%-3.9%), respectively. The sex difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of SS was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (4.7% [95% CI, 3.6%-5.8%] vs. 2.8% [95% CI, 2.2%-3.4%]; P < 0.001). The prevalence of SS was higher in West China (5.2%; 95% CI, 4.4%-6.0%) than in Northeast China (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.8%), East China (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.9%-2.8%), or Central China (2.9%; 95% CI, 1.9%-3.9%).

INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of SS among children was higher in western and rural areas of China. Close attention to children’s growth and development is needed to prevent the occurrence of SS.

PMID:34179712 | PMC:PMC8212717 | DOI:10.1002/ped4.12233

Pediatr Qual Saf. 2021 Jun 23;6(4):e424. doi: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000424. eCollection 2021 Jul-Aug.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Live video visits for ambulatory encounters offer potential benefits, including access to remote subspecialty services, care coordination between providers, and improved convenience for patients. We aimed to increase the utilization of video visits for pediatric patients at our medical center using an iterative quality improvement process.

METHODS: A multispecialty improvement team identified opportunities to increase video visit utilization and prioritized interventions using benefit-effort analyses. Interventions focused on 6 key drivers. The outcome measure was the percentage of ambulatory encounters conducted by video. The process measure was the percentage of ambulatory pediatricians conducting video visits. The balancing measure was the percentage of no-shows among scheduled video visits. All measures were analyzed using statistical process control.

RESULTS: Interventions were associated with increases in our outcome and process measures from 0.1% to 1.2% and 0.6% to 6.3%, respectively, during the first 8 months. Subsequently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with further increases in these measures to 41.8% and 73.5%, respectively, over 3 months. The balancing measure increased from 0% at baseline to 14.7% with no special cause variation during the intervention period. The most impactful interventions included clinician training outreach, providing equipment, and streamlining MyChart patient enrollment.

CONCLUSIONS: This improvement project effectively increased pediatric ambulatory video visit utilization, although the most significant driver of utilization was the COVID-19 pandemic. Project interventions implemented before COVID-19 facilitated rapid video visit adoption during the pandemic. A similar improvement process may be beneficial for other medical centers aiming to improve video visit utilization.

PMID:34179675 | PMC:PMC8225361 | DOI:10.1097/pq9.0000000000000424

Nat Mach Intell. 2021 Jun;3(6):536-544. doi: 10.1038/s42256-021-00333-y. Epub 2021 May 10.

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in single-cell technologies, including single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq), have enabled large-scale profiling of the chromatin accessibility landscape at the single cell level. However, the characteristics of scATAC-seq data, including high sparsity and high dimensionality, have greatly complicated the computational analysis. Here, we proposed scDEC, a computational tool for single cell ATAC-seq analysis with deep generative neural networks. scDEC is built on a pair of generative adversarial networks (GANs), and is capable of learning the latent representation and inferring the cell labels, simultaneously. In a series of experiments, scDEC demonstrates superior performance over other tools in scATAC-seq analysis across multiple datasets and experimental settings. In downstream applications, we demonstrated that the generative power of scDEC helps to infer the trajectory and intermediate state of cells during differentiation and the latent features learned by scDEC can potentially reveal both biological cell types and within-cell-type variations. We also showed that it is possible to extend scDEC for the integrative analysis of multi-modal single cell data.

PMID:34179690 | PMC:PMC8223760 | DOI:10.1038/s42256-021-00333-y

Rom J Ophthalmol. 2021 Apr-Jun;65(2):141-149. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2021.29.

ABSTRACT

A reduction in the corneal endothelial cells multitude after anterior pole intervention is well established in numerous researches, but there are few articles that follow the impact of vitreoretinal interventions on the cornea, especially when endotamponade agents are used. The assessment of the endothelial corneal cells is needed since it facilitates the personal evaluation of the functional endothelial stock. Specular microscopy investigation offers a scale of the functional strength of the endothelium of cornea, which is vital before all intraocular interventions. Endotamponade agents are very suitable and important tools in the surgical treatment of retinal detachment, but their use must be differentiated depending on the uniqueness of each patient. This research shows corneal endothelial damages caused by intraocular tamponade agents of different types in the case of pars plana vitrectomy for cases of multitude retinal detachments. The purpose of the research was to determine the changes that appear in the endothelium of the cornea and to deal with the results when different tamponade agents are used in the surgical cure for retinal detachment. Specular endothelial corneal microscopy records were achieved and the modifications of the following parameters revealed corneal implication: mean endothelial cell densities, average cell area, coefficient of variation, hexagonality and corneal center thickness. On the first day and at three months postoperatively, a statistically significant reduction was observed for the CV, MCD, and HEX parameters (p 0.001), but no statistically significant difference of the two endotamponade agents (for MCD, p=0.15; for CV, p=0.63; for HEX, p=0.93) was noticed. AVG parameter had a statistically significant decrease (p 0.001) and there was also a statistically significant difference of the two endotamponade agents (p=0.03), patients with gas tamponade presenting a superior result. On the first day and at three months postoperatively, the corneal center thickness presented a statistically significant increase (p 0.001) and there was a statistically significant difference between the two endotamponade agents (p=0.03), patients with gas endotamponade presenting a superior result. In conclusion, using the intraocular tamponade agents helps reestablish the functional-anatomical recovery of the retina after surgery, but their special indication must be well-established for each case of retinal detachment.

PMID:34179579 | PMC:PMC8207861 | DOI:10.22336/rjo.2021.29

ACS Omega. 2021 Jun 9;6(24):15920-15928. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01557. eCollection 2021 Jun 22.

ABSTRACT

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an attractive biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and fiber-forming ability. However, the polymer is highly susceptible to both hydrolytic and thermal degradation during processing. Melt processing conditions typically involve high temperature and shear, whereas to prevent premature degradation, PLA needs to be processed under the mildest conditions that still yield the desired yarn properties. Thus, there is a need to determine the optimum processing conditions to achieve the desired properties of extruded PLA yarn. This study focuses on the effect of melt-spinning process parameters on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the resulting PLA yarn and to derive their process-property relationships. The study compares the effect of process parameters like melt temperature, throughput through the spinneret, take-up speed at the wind-up roller, draw ratio, and drawing temperature on the yarn properties such as the yarn size (linear mass density), tenacity, elongation at break, crystallinity, and molecular weight. Depending on the combination of process parameters, the resulting PLA yarn had a yarn size ranging from 6.2 to 101.6 tex, tenacity ranging from 2.5 to 34.1 gf/tex, elongation at break ranging from 4 to 480%, and degree of crystallinity ranging from 14.6 to 62.2%. Certain combinations of processing parameters resulted in higher process-induced degradation, as evident from the reduction in molecular weight, ranging from 7.6% reduction to 20.5% reduction. Findings from this study increase our understanding on how different process parameters can be utilized to achieve the desired properties of the as-spun and drawn PLA yarn while controlling process-induced premature degradation.

PMID:34179636 | PMC:PMC8223423 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.1c01557

Dent Med Probl. 2021 Apr-Jun;58(2):253-266. doi: 10.17219/dmp/133512.

ABSTRACT

The adjunctive use of fluoroquinolone (FQ) agents in patients with periodontitis produces contradictory results. There has been no meta-analysis performed based on the evaluations of FQ use that would enable making appropriate clinical decisions. Our study aimed to evaluate, via a systematic review and metaanalysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the clinical benefits, antimicrobial effects and safety profiles of the FQ agents administered to periodontitis patients under a conventional treatment regime. Relevant databases were searched for studies published up to May 2020, with the quality and risk of bias evaluations performed on the selected studies, and meta-analyses, funnel plots and heterogeneity tests carried out based on the obtained data. Any finding of p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quality and the risk of bias ranged from high to low. With acceptable heterogeneity and no reporting bias, the meta-analyses showed that local or systemic FQ use produced the following results: a reduced probing depth change (ΔPD) (p < 0.00001 at ≤3 months); reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) (p < 0.00001 at 3-6 months); reduced subgingival detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans for up to 12 months (p-values from <0.00001 to 0.001); and an insignificant number of adverse events (p ≥ 0.05) in patients subjected to a conventional therapy as compared to those subjected to an antibiotic-free therapy. Our study found evidence to show that FQ administration provides clinical benefits and ensures antibacterial effects in periodontitis patients subjected to a conventional therapy regime.

PMID:34176246 | DOI:10.17219/dmp/133512

Prenat Diagn. 2021 Jun 27. doi: 10.1002/pd.5995. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) assesses the risk of individuals and couples of having a child affected with a set of genetic conditions. Carriers have options available to optimize pregnancy outcomes based on personal values and preferences. The greatest range of options is available prior to pregnancy, therefore professional societies recommend this screening be performed preconception. This study aimed to assess awareness of, and interest in, ECS in women preconception. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate preferences for timing and location of education and availability of ECS. A total of 260 nulliparous women from the general population were surveyed through Qualtrics, a national market research survey platform. Data were delineated using descriptive statistics. Of this cohort, 43.5% reported being aware of ECS prior to the survey and 77.8% indicated interest. Those previously aware were first informed by family, friends, or independent online research. Interest was primarily driven by a desire for reassurance and to make informed decisions about future pregnancies. Interested respondents indicated a willingness to request testing from providers. Participants showed a preference for education and access from a healthcare provider in person. These findings provide insight regarding when and where to best educate and reach women prior to pregnancy about ECS to maximize pregnancy outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34176153 | DOI:10.1002/pd.5995

Dermatol Ther. 2021 Jun 27:e15044. doi: 10.1111/dth.15044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify and compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of superficial cryotherapy using dimethyl ether and propane (DMEP) mixture versus microneedling in the treatment of mild scalp AA.

METHODS: In a prospective randomized single-blinded clinical trial, 80 patients of with clinically evident scalp mild AA were randomly assigned into two groups of 40 patients each. Group (1) was treated by superficial cryotherapy using DMEP in 3 freeze-thaw cycles of 5 seconds each. Group (2) was treated by microneedling. Both groups were treated every 2 weeks for 6 sessions and followed up for 3 months after the last session. Patients were assessed by photographic documentation, trichoscopic evaluations, severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score and alopecia areata symptom impact scale (AASIS).

RESULTS: An excellent response was achieved in 15 (37.5%) of group 1 compared with 14 (35%) of group (2) patients, while a good response was achieved in 23 (57.5%) of group (1) compared with 21 (52.5%) of group (1) patients, with a statistically insignificant difference. The mean SALT score change percentage was statistically significantly higher in group (2) patients. The mean AASIS change percentage was higher in group (1) patients, but this was statistically insignificant. In both groups, the mean numbers of trichoscopic signs of AA significantly decreased from baseline to the end of follow-up period. Both therapeutic modalities were well-tolerated, with no recurrence after the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION: Both superficial cryotherapy using DMEP mixture, and microneedling are simple, effective, and safe therapeutic options for mild scalp AA, however, microneedling showed higher efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34176196 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15044

Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2021 Jun 27. doi: 10.1111/camh.12489. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Jigsaw is a primary care youth mental health service designed to increase access to and utilisation of mental health supports for 12- to 25-year-olds. Effectiveness in community youth mental health services is typically assessed using standardised instruments. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Jigsaw’s brief intervention model of support using an idiographic tool, the goal-based outcome (GBO) measure. The study also aimed to explore the type of goals set by young people engaging with this service.

METHOD: The study sample consisted of a secondary dataset of 4839 young people aged 12-25 years (63.5% female, 36.5% male) who engaged with one of Jigsaw’s 13 brief intervention services. Overall, 7366 goals set using the GBO were examined. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to examine the type of goals set by young people, and inferential analyses were used to examine statistical and reliable changes in goal progress.

RESULTS: The goals young people set focused on developing coping mechanisms and personal growth and managing interpersonal difficulties. Mean scores for progress towards goals improved significantly from pre- to postintervention. The reliable change index (RCI) indicated that change greater than 2.82 points represents reliable change on the GBO, with 78.6% of young people showing reliable improvement. Demographic characteristics did not impact goal progress.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest Jigsaw’s brief intervention model of support is effective in assisting young people reach their goals and that the GBO is a suitable measure for young people attending a community-based youth mental health service.

PMID:34176209 | DOI:10.1111/camh.12489

Australas J Dermatol. 2021 Jun 27. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13658. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The scalp is a special anatomical area and dermoscopic findings of this region may significantly differ from other body parts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the clinical and dermoscopic patterns of scalp melanocytic nevi in patients ≤15 years of age and above, and to analyse their relevance to demographic features, atypical mole syndrome (AMS) and total body nevus count (TBNC).

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data and dermoscopic images of patients with scalp melanocytic nevi were retrieved, reviewed and analysed. Demographic, clinical and dermoscopic features were compared in patients ≤15 years of age and above.

RESULTS: A total of 196 scalp melanocytic nevi in 126 patients (female/male:64/62; ≤15/>15 years of age: 49/77) with a median age of 18.5 years (range 0-72) were evaluated. Statistically, the globular pattern was significantly higher in all age groups, and the papillomatous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). The eclipse pattern was significantly higher, and the homogenous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age with AMS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively). Finally, patients ≤15 years of age with 50 to 100 TBNC had a higher eclipse pattern than those with 0 to 25 TBNC.

CONCLUSION: The findings of this retrospective study might implicate that children with eclipse pattern of scalp melanocytic nevi might be ‘moley’ in the future with an impending risk of AMS. This hypothesis requires confirmation in future prospective studies on a larger cohort of patients.

PMID:34176119 | DOI:10.1111/ajd.13658