Tag: nevin manimala

Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Jan 29:S1201-9712(22)00063-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.054. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of reproductive-aged female patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of female patients aged 10-49 years notified with COVID-19 in Osaka, Japan, between January and November 2020. We assessed their epidemiological and clinical characteristics according to their pregnancy status.

RESULTS: A total of 4,156 patients were enrolled, of whom 29 (0.7%) were pregnant. Most patients exhibited mild symptoms, and 10.8% of the cases were asymptomatic. No moderate or severe cases were observed in pregnant women, while only 0.1% of the non-pregnant women had severe disease at diagnosis. No clusters were observed in the pregnant patients; however, most acquired the infection from a family member. Of the 29 pregnant women, 22 (75.9%) were hospitalized, while among the non-pregnant women, 579 (14.0%) were hospitalized (P < 0.001). No patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and there were no deaths among women aged 10-49 years.

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women accounted for 0.7% of the total cases of COVID-19 among women aged 10-49 years. Pregnant women were more likely to be hospitalized but generally had mild disease.

PMID:35104668 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.054

Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2022 Jan 29:103854. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103854. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive non-radiological regional lung function measurement. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility of assessing ventilation distribution with EIT in scoliosis patients using generic and individual thorax shape.

METHODS: Eight subjects were measured with EIT before scoliosis surgery. Reconstructions with two different forward models were compared: the generic shape and the individual thorax shapes. Three EIT-based parameters measuring ventilation distribution were calculated: left lung to overall ratio, center of ventilation (CoV), global inhomogeneity index.

RESULTS: EIT measurements were successfully conducted in all subjects. No statistical differences were found in the EIT-based parameters using the different reconstruction models. CoV based on the generic shape was significantly correlated to the main Cobb angle (r=-0.84, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: It was feasible to monitor regional ventilation distribution in scoliosis patients with EIT. Individual thorax shapes might not be required for reliable patient assessment in a clinical setting.

PMID:35104639 | DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103854

Neurobiol Dis. 2022 Jan 29:105645. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105645. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite their possible importance in the design of novel neuromodulatory approaches and in understanding status epilepticus, the dynamics and mechanisms of seizure termination are not well studied. We examined intracranial recordings from patients with epilepsy to differentiate seizure termination patterns and investigated whether these patterns are indicative of different underlying mechanisms.

METHODS: Seizures were classified into one of two termination patterns: (a) those that end simultaneously across the brain (synchronous), and (b) those whose termination is piecemeal across the cortex (asynchronous). Both types ended with either a burst suppression pattern, or continuous seizure activity. These patterns were quantified and compared using burst suppression ratio, absolute energy, and network connectivity.

RESULTS: Seizures with electrographic generalization showed burst suppression patterns in 90% of cases, compared with only 60% of seizures which remained focal. Interestingly, we found similar absolute energy and burst suppression ratios in seizures with synchronous and asynchronous termination, while seizures with continuous seizure activity were found to be different from seizures with burst suppression, showing lower energy during seizure and lower burst suppression ratio at the start and end of seizure. Finally, network density was observed to increase with seizure progression, with significantly lower densities in seizures with continuous seizure activity compared to seizures with burst suppression.

SIGNIFICANCE: Based on this spatiotemporal classification scheme, we suggest that there are a limited number of seizure termination patterns and dynamics. If this bears out, it would imply that the number of mechanisms underlying seizure termination is also constrained. Seizures with different termination patterns exhibit different dynamics even before their start. This may provide useful clues about how seizures may be managed, which in turn may lead to more targeted modes of therapy for seizure control.

PMID:35104646 | DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105645

Top Companion Anim Med. 2022 Jan 29:100640. doi: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100640. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Overweight and obesity contribute to a variety of disease processes and negatively affect quality of life in dogs. A considerable number of epidemiological studies performed in a variety of canine communities revealed varied prevalence, and identified associated risk factors, including neutering. Associations between excessive body weight and certain diseases, including orthopedic diseases, were also reported. However, risk factors and disease associations of overweight and obesity in a larger population of dogs seen in recent years at a single referral veterinary hospital remains undefined. The present study utilized descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to characterize prevalence, risk factors, and disease associations of excessive body weight (both overweight and obesity) in 40,038 dogs that visited the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis from January 2006 to December 2015. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in 40,038 dogs were 21.1% (n = 8,461) and 20.2% (n = 8,089) respectively. Dogs that were neutered, female, and considered middle-aged or senior were at increased risk of overweight and obesity. Certain breed types, including Retriever and Spaniel, and certain disease processes, including orthopedic diseases, were also at increased risk of overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity are prevalent problems, which can benefit from continual education to raise awareness of the scale of the problem to both the veterinary community and the general public. Structured disease surveillance plans monitoring these associated factors also help to guide further research and to better prevent overweight and obesity.

PMID:35104633 | DOI:10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100640

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 29:110520. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110520. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Next-generation sequencing now enables the rapid and affordable production of reliable biological data at multiple molecular levels, collectively referred to as “omics”. To maximize the potential for discovery, computational biologists have created and adapted integrative multi-omic analytical methods. When applied to diseases with traceable pathophysiology such as cancer, these new algorithms and statistical approaches have enabled the discovery of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms and biomarkers. In contrast, these methods have been much less applied to the field of molecular psychiatry, although diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are similarly needed. In the present review, we first briefly summarize main findings from two decades of studies that investigated single molecular processes in relation to mood disorders. Then, we conduct a systematic review of multi-omic strategies that have been proposed and used more recently. We also list databases and types of data available to researchers for future work. Finally, we present the newest methodologies that have been employed for multi-omics integration in other medical fields, and discuss their potential for molecular psychiatry studies.

PMID:35104608 | DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110520

Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb 1;139(2):202-209. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004639.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity by planned mode of delivery for twins born before 32 weeks of gestation.

METHODS: The JUMODA (JUmeaux MODe d’Accouchement) study was a French national prospective, population-based, cohort study of twin deliveries conducted from February 2014 to March 2015. This planned secondary analysis included diamniotic twin pregnancies from 26 0/7 through 31 6/7 weeks of gestation. Exclusion criteria included contraindications to vaginal delivery and situations for which planned cesarean delivery is favored, and neonatal prognosis depends largely on the underlying pathology rather than the planned mode of delivery. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade 3 or grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, stage 2 or stage 3 necrotizing enterocolitis). The association between planned mode of delivery and primary outcome was assessed by multivariate Poisson regression model. A propensity-score approach with inverse probability of treatment weighting also was performed to control for indication bias. Subgroup analyses according to birth order and sensitivity analyses limited to spontaneous preterm births only were performed.

RESULTS: Among 424 very preterm twin pregnancies, 192 (45.3%) had a planned cesarean delivery and 232 (54.7%) had a planned vaginal delivery. Survival to discharge without severe morbidity did not differ in the two groups: 308 of 384 (80.2%) after planned cesarean and 375 of 464 (80.8%) after planned vaginal delivery (crude relative risk 0.99; 95% CI 0.91-1.15; adjusted relative risk 1.02; 95% CI 0.93-1.11). After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting, planned cesarean delivery still was not associated with higher survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity than planned vaginal birth (relative risk 1.11; 95% CI 0.84-1.46). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar results.

CONCLUSION: Planned cesarean delivery for very preterm twins is not associated with higher survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity than planned vaginal delivery. These results suggest that very preterm delivery should not be considered a per se indication for planned cesarean in twin pregnancies.

PMID:35104068 | DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004639

J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Apr 7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003602. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cunha, PM, Ribeiro, AS, Padilha, C, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Cyrino, LT, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Antunes, M, Fernandes, RR, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, Burini, RC, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Improvement of oxidative stress in older women is dependent on resistance training volume: Active aging longitudinal study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (>=60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre- to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV = -7.3% vs. HV = -12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV = -8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 +/- 1.22 vs. LV = -0.37 +/- 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women.

PMID:35104066 | DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003602

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022 Feb 1. doi: 10.1111/sms.14135. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the combined effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and prediabetes or diabetes on the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study evaluated a population-based cohort of 1562 men aged 42-60 years at baseline (1984-1989). We utilized maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max ) for assessing aerobic capacity and CRF in the cohort and stratified participants into six groups according to both their glucose status (diabetes, prediabetes or no diabetes) and whether they were below- or above-median VO_2max . Deaths in the cohort were recorded till 31^st Dec 2016. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and socioeconomic status served as covariates in the mortality analyses.

RESULTS: During the follow-up (mean 24.2 years), 341 men died from cardiovascular and 468 men from non-cardiovascular causes. When compared to men with no diabetes and above-median VO_2max , the presence of either diabetes (HR=4.10, 95% CI: 2.27-7.40) or prediabetes (HR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.18-3.73) combined with below-median VO_2max increased the risk of cardiovascular death. Non-cardiovascular mortality was increased by low oxygen uptake in men with prediabetes (HR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.30-3.84), among men with diabetes the increase was not statistically significant (HR=1.99, 95% CI: 0.91-4.32).

CONCLUSION: CRF modifies the risk of death related to prediabetes and diabetes. This highlights the importance of CRF assessment and interventions to support the uptake of regular physical activity among aging men with disturbed glucose metabolism.

PMID:35103994 | DOI:10.1111/sms.14135

Anat Histol Embryol. 2022 Feb 1. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12787. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Age estimation in adult dogs can be performed by the radiographic measurement of the tooth pulp cavity, but the technique has hardly been described. In this study, the application of measuring pulp/tooth width ratios (P/T ratios) of the maxillary canine teeth was investigated. Pulp and tooth widths were measured at two locations on 166 maxillary canine teeth of the heads of 84 dog cadavers, using digital extraoral lateral oblique open mouth radiographs. The dogs belonged to different breeds and sexes and had a known age between 194 and 1907 days (approximately 6 months – 5 years). Both at the cemento-enamel junction (CE) and the half-height of the tooth, a comparable non-linear regression with age was demonstrated. Measuring at the CE location was less hindered by wear or superimposition. No statistically significant difference according to sex and breed size and no clinically significant difference according to skull type was found. The highest predictable capacity was found in the youngest dogs until the age of 448 days, of which 84.4% of the canine teeth had a P/T ratio above 0.39. Our results demonstrate that measuring P/T ratios of canine teeth can be used in practice to assign dogs to age categories, with the highest accuracy in young adult dogs.

PMID:35104017 | DOI:10.1111/ahe.12787