Tag: nevin manimala

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e27770. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027770.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke. The main role of the current study is to study the mechanism of stroke induced by diabetes, but there is no systematic summary of daily management and stroke prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to provide a more detailed stroke prevention program for patients with type 2 diabetes, we included in the study and looked forward to analyzing the risk factors that were more in line with the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes.

METHODS: We will search the following Chinese and English databases: PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane Library, Medline, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. All of the above electronic databases will be searched from inception to June 30, 2021. In addition, we will manually search for conference papers, ongoing experiments, and internal reports to supplement the studies retrieved via electronic search. We will use the STATA 16.0 provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The study will prove a collective view on the relationship between related factors and stroke in the type 2 diabetes population.

CONCLUSION: We plan to submit this systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal.INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021100046.

PMID:35060494 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000027770

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e28128. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028128.

ABSTRACT

Ischial tuberosity cyst is a common disease, and the conventional incision procedure is associated with several disadvantages, leading to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for ischial tuberosity cyst and compared it with conventional incision surgery.The clinical data of 57 patients with ischial tuberosity cyst from May 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 patients were included. Of these patients, 24 patients received arthroscopic procedure (N = 24) and 25 patients received conventional incision procedure (N = 25). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. Visual analogue scale scores was used to evaluate pain at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the surgery.All 49 patients were followed up for (11.3 ± 3.3) months. All patients in the arthroscopy group achieved phase I healing while 3 patients in conventional incision group developed complications. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay in the arthroscopy group were (54.7 ± 7.7) minutes, (20.8 ± 3.5) mL, (20.3 ± 5.6) mL, and (2.8 ± 0.6) days, and were significantly better than those of (71.8 ± 8.8) minutes, (67.3 ± 12.0) mL, (103.6 ± 20.3) mL, and (7.8 ± 2.9) days in the conventional incision group, respectively. In the arthroscopy group, the visual analogue scale scores at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the surgery [(2.6 ± 0.7), (0.5 ± 0.6), (0.3 ± 0.5) points] were significantly lower than those in the conventional incision group [(6.0 ± 0.7), (3.0 ± 1.0), and (1.1 ± 1.0) points], and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Finally, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications between the 2 groups (P > .05).In the treatment of ischial tuberosity cysts, arthroscopy has advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss during perioperative period, milder postoperative pain, and rapid recovery when compared with conventional incision surgery.

PMID:35060495 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000028128

Elife. 2022 Jan 21;11:e70393. doi: 10.7554/eLife.70393.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In a phase 3 trial in African infants and children, the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (GSK) showed moderate efficacy against clinical malaria. We sought to further understand RTS,S/AS01-induced immune responses associated with vaccine protection.

METHODS: Applying the blood transcriptional module (BTM) framework, we characterized the transcriptomic response to RTS,S/AS01 vaccination in antigen-stimulated (and vehicle control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells sampled from a subset of trial participants at baseline and month 3 (1-month post-third dose). Using a matched case-control study design, we evaluated which of these ‘RTS,S/AS01 signature BTMs’ associated with malaria case status in RTS,S/AS01 vaccinees. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. We also performed a cross-study correlates analysis where we assessed the generalizability of our findings across three controlled human malaria infection studies of healthy, malaria-naive adult RTS,S/AS01 recipients.

RESULTS: RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was associated with downregulation of B-cell and monocyte-related BTMs and upregulation of T-cell-related BTMs, as well as higher month 3 (vs. baseline) circumsporozoite protein-specific CD4⁺ T-cell responses. There were few RTS,S/AS01-associated BTMs whose month 3 levels correlated with malaria risk. In contrast, baseline levels of BTMs associated with dendritic cells and with monocytes (among others) correlated with malaria risk. The baseline dendritic cell- and monocyte-related BTM correlations with malaria risk appeared to generalize to healthy, malaria-naive adults.

CONCLUSIONS: A prevaccination transcriptomic signature associates with malaria in RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated African children, and elements of this signature may be broadly generalizable. The consistent presence of monocyte-related modules suggests that certain monocyte subsets may inhibit protective RTS,S/AS01-induced responses.

FUNDING: Funding was obtained from the NIH-NIAID (R01AI095789), NIH-NIAID (U19AI128914), PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI11/00423 and PI14/01422). The RNA-seq project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under grant number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute. This study was also supported by the Vaccine Statistical Support (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation award INV-008576/OPP1154739 to R.G.). C.D. was the recipient of a Ramon y Cajal Contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (RYC-2008-02631). G.M. was the recipient of a Sara Borrell-ISCIII fellowship (CD010/00156) and work was performed with the support of Department of Health, Catalan Government grant (SLT006/17/00109). This research is part of the ISGlobal’s Program on the Molecular Mechanisms of Malaria which is partially supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces and we acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023’ Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.

PMID:35060479 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.70393

J Asthma. 2022 Jan 21:1-13. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2032136. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Illness perception (IP) is a psychosocial factor involved in several chronic diseases and is associated with relevant clinical outcomes. However, the relationship between IP and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosocial status, and physical activity in daily life (PADL) in subjects with asthma is poorly understood. Objective: To identify groups of subjects with asthma based on their IPs and to assess their association with clinical control, HRQoL, psychosocial disturbances, and PADL. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 149 subjects with moderate to severe asthma. IP, anthropometric data, Asthma Control Questionnaire-7, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PADL (accelerometry), and general self-efficacy (GSE) were assessed. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters with similar profiles and investigate their characteristics and differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the associations between IP and other variables. Results: Statistical analyses identified two clusters of subjects with asthma based on IP. Cluster 1 presented worse IP in seven out of eight domains than Cluster 2. Cluster 1 had more negative consequences of the disease, worse understanding, and a high emotional representation of the disease than Cluster 2. Cluster 1 also had a greater extent of asthma symptoms, poor clinical control, worse HRQoL, and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. No difference between clusters was found for PADL or self-efficacy. Conclusion: Subjects with asthma who have worse IP have more negative symptoms, worse clinical control, HRQoL, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

PMID:35060439 | DOI:10.1080/02770903.2022.2032136

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2022 Jan 21:1-11. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2025344. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study’s purpose is to describe the performance of healthy community dwelling Saudi Arabians on fluency tasks and explore the effects of age, sex and education.

METHODS: Arabic-speaking Saudi Arabians > 18 were chosen through convenience sampling. Included were healthy community members whose first language is Arabic. Excluded were anyone with a past history of psychiatric or central neurological diseases, or who was taking medications that affect the central nervous system. Information regarding the variables sex, age, and education was collected. Participants were required to name as many words as they could that started with the letters Ain (ع), Sheen (ش), and Qaf (ق) (letter task), and words that belonged to the categories “countries,” “boy names,” “girl names,” and “four-legged animals” (categorical task). Mean scores were derived for the three letters (ASQ) and four categories (TC). Descriptive statistics, percentile curves, and quantile regressions (0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 0.95) were conducted to determine performance range.

RESULTS: The study included 301 participants, comprising 162 (53.47%) females. The M(SD) for age was 46.74 (16) and for years of education 14 (4.78). The M(SD) for ASQ was 26.26 (10.01), and for TC, 81.56 (20.77). Percentile curves demonstrated an initial increase, followed by a decrease, in performance with increasing age on letter and categorical fluency tasks. Performance scores showed an increase of 1 to 1.5 and 2 to 3.5 words in the letter and categorical tasks, respectively, for each additional year of education across the quantiles (both with p < 0.0001). Males scored higher in the 0.05 and 0.95 quantiles of the letter fluency task only.

CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a range of normative performance from a Saudi Arabian community, with varying age and education levels. The assessment demonstrated the importance of education as a major variable linearly associated with performance, influencing both tasks.

PMID:35060441 | DOI:10.1080/13803395.2021.2025344

J Med Econ. 2022 Jan 21:1-41. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2022.2030599. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aims To assess the accuracy of standard parametric survival models, spline models, and mixture cure models (MCMs) fitted to overall survival (OS) data available at the time of submission in the NICE HTA process compared with data subsequently made available.Methods Standard parametric distributions, spline models, and MCMs were fitted to OS data presented in single technology appraisals (TAs) for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer. For each TA, the estimated survival from the fitted models was compared with Kaplan-Meier (KM) data that were made available following the HTA submission using differences between point estimates and restricted area under the curve (AUC) at both the midpoint and the end of additional follow-up. Differences in interval AUC values (calculated for each 6-month period) were also assessed.Results Standard parametric survival models and spline models were more likely to underestimate longer-term survival, irrespective of the measure used to assess model accuracy. MCMs were more likely to over-estimate survival; however, this was improved in some cases by applying an additional hazard of mortality for ‘statistically cured’ patients.Limitations The accuracy of the models was assessed based on much shorter OS data than the period for which extrapolation is needed, which may impact conclusions regarding the most accurate models. The most recent TAs for ICIs have not been captured.Conclusions There are no definitive findings that unquestionably support the use of one specific extrapolation technique. Rather, each has the potential to provide accurate or inaccurate extrapolation to longer-term data in certain circumstances, but the added flexibility of more complex models can be justified for treatments, like ICIs, that have extended survival for patients across disease areas. The use of mortality adjustments for ‘statistically cured’ patients allows decision makers to explore more conservative scenarios in the face of high decision uncertainty.

PMID:35060433 | DOI:10.1080/13696998.2022.2030599

Neurol Res. 2022 Jan 21:1-8. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2021.2025318. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Identification of patients at high risk for chronic dizziness after Vestibular Neuritis (VN) would allow these patients to be the target of focused therapies. However, there is a discrepancy between studies with regard to which factors best predict symptom recovery. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of Vestibular Neuritis and the major predictors for the development of chronic vestibular insufficiency.

METHODS: All subjects (n = 54) with acute vestibular neuritis admitted to the Department of Neurology of Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively identified . Forty-three subjects who received a 4-test battery as well as 3.0T brain MRI, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 with complete recovery and Group 2 without recovery, as determined by symptoms 3 months after the VN episode. In addition, we recruited 21 healthy subjects to characterize the profiles of acute VN .

RESULTS: The total WMH score negatively correlated with a clinical recovery (Phi coefficient = -0.808, p value = 0.000). Statistical regression for predicting the outcome of clinical recovery using cerebral white matter changes as an independent variable was significant (p = 0.004). However, clinical recovery was not associated with the nerve divisions (Phi coefficient = 0.108, p = 0.492), age (p = 0.247) and the grade of nystagmus (p = 0.797) .

CONCLUSIONS: A 4-test battery provides essential information to identify vestibular nerve dysfunction. Cerebral white matter change on MRI was predictive of chronic vestibular insufficiency after vestibular neuritis.

PMID:35060437 | DOI:10.1080/01616412.2021.2025318

Can J Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 21:7067437221074430. doi: 10.1177/07067437221074430. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the six-month prevalence of mental illness in children with chronic physical illness (multimorbidity), examine agreement between parent and child reports of multimorbidity, and identify factors associated with child multimorbidity.

METHOD: The sample included 263 children aged 2-16 years with a physician-diagnosed chronic physical illness recruited from the outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital. Children were categorized by physical illness according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10. Parent and child-reported six-month mental illness was based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID).

RESULTS: Overall, 101 (38%) of children had a parent-reported mental illness; 29 (25%) children self-reported mental illness. There were no differences in prevalence across ICD-10 classifications. Parent-child agreement on the MINI-KID was low (κ = 0.18), ranging from κ = 0.24 for specific phobia to κ = 0.03 for attention-deficit hyperactivity. From logistic regression modeling (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval), factors associated with multimorbidity were: child age (OR = 1.16 [1.04, 1.31]), male (OR = 3.76 [1.54, 9.22]), ≥$90,000 household income (OR = 2.57 [1.08, 6.22]), parental symptoms of depression (OR = 1.09 [1.03, 1.14]), and child disability (OR = 1.21 [1.13, 1.30]). Similar results were obtained when modeling number of mental illnesses.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that six-month multimorbidity is common and similar across different physical illnesses. Level of disability is a robust, potentially modifiable correlate of multimorbidity that can be assessed routinely by health professionals in the pediatric setting to initiate early mental health intervention to reduce the incidence of multimorbidity in children.

PMID:35060408 | DOI:10.1177/07067437221074430

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2022 Jan 20. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14348. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Despite the increasing attention that has been paid to amyloidosis in recent years, there have been few reports on amyloidosis mortality and its trends worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in crude and age-adjusted amyloidosis-associated mortality rates in Japan from 1998 to 2019.

METHODS: We used national Vital Statistics data among older adults aged over 50 years. The data were analyzed using the joinpoint regression program to estimate the long-term trends and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).

RESULTS: A total of 9158 amyloidosis-associated deaths were recorded from 1998 to 2019, of which 56.1% were in men. The crude mortality rate per 1 000 000 older adults aged over 80 years increased from 9.65 to 54.3 among men and from 7.02 to 22.1 among women during the study period. Overall, the AAPCs of age-adjusted amyloidosis-associated mortality rates increased significantly over the study period (1.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.7%). While the annual percentage change (APC) of age-adjusted mortality rates in women showed no significant change over the study period, the APC in men markedly increased in the 2013-2019 period (8.2%, 95% CI: 6.0-10.4%).

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed an increasing trend in mortality associated with amyloidosis, and in particular a marked increase in mortality among men over the past 6 years. Considering its high mortality rate and susceptibility to the effects of an increasing population of older adults, amyloidosis deserves more attention from healthcare providers to improve the understanding of diagnosis, clinical treatment, and healthcare planning. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.

PMID:35052016 | DOI:10.1111/ggi.14348

J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022 Jan 20. doi: 10.1111/jog.15154. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: We devised a simplified nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy that is simpler than commonly used procedures.

METHODS: We retrospectively examined 16 cases of classical non-nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (non-nerve-sparing group) and 16 cases of simplified nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (nerve-sparing group) performed between 2019 and 2020. We examined and compared the duration of surgery, blood loss, perioperative complications, postoperative urinary function (presence or absence of urinary sensation, number of days with residual urine measurement, and frequency and duration of oral sustained release urapidil capsules and self-catheterization), and short-term prognosis between the two groups.

RESULTS: Compared to conventional non-nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, the duration of surgery for nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was significantly shorter (407 [339-555] min vs. 212 [180-356] min; p < 0.001), and blood loss was significantly less. Compared to the nerve-sparing group, the non-nerve-sparing group had more cases of oral urapidil use and a higher frequency of clean intermittent catheterization. Clean intermittent catheterization was required in two cases in the nerve-sparing group; however, it was withdrawn at 180 and 240 days. Conversely, clean intermittent catheterization was still required in three cases in the non-nerve-sparing group. There were no statistically significant differences in progression-free survival and overall survival between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: The simple nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy resulted in shorter duration of surgery and less blood loss as well as in a clear improvement in the postoperative urinary status and short-term prognosis. This technique simplifies nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, which is commonly thought to be complicated, making it easier to understand.

PMID:35052017 | DOI:10.1111/jog.15154