Tag: nevin manimala

Am J Dent. 2021 Aug;34(4):191-194.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro protective effect of a mint formulation containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg-mint) on root dentin exposed to a highly erosive environment in the presence and absence of proteolytic challenge.

METHODS: Root dentin specimens were subjected to an erosion-remineralization cycling model (6×/day; 5 days) that included 5-minute immersion in 1% citric acid and 60-minute immersion in remineralization solution (RS). At the remineralization half-time, the specimens were treated (n= 20) with EGCg-mint, RS (negative control) or sodium fluoride (1,000 ppm of NaF; positive control). Half of the specimens were kept overnight in RS (pH cycling) and the other half in RS with Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (pH-proteolytic cycling). Erosion depth was measured using optical profilometry and data analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α= 0.05).

RESULTS: Under pH-cycling, NaF resulted in statistically lower erosion depth compared to EGCg-mint (P= 0.020) and RS (P= 0.005). Under pH-proteolytic cycling, EGCg-mint and NaF significantly decreased the tissue loss (erosion depth, P< 0.001) compared to the RS. The EGCg-mint exhibited an anti-erosion property on root dentin under a proteolytic challenge. NaF presented an anti-erosion property regardless of the erosive cycling model.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The anti-erosive action of an over-the-counter mint, containing active ingredients, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is likely by the protective mechanisms of the dentin extracellular matrix.

PMID:34370910

Am J Dent. 2021 Aug;34(4):211-214.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to evaluate the effect of commonly used antirheumatic medications on such prevalence.

METHODS: Integrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for rheumatoid arthritis and periapical abscess was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The odd ratio (OR) of periapical abscesses, its association with rheumatoid arthritis and intake of three commonly prescribed antirheumatic medications were calculated and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: The prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 1.53% as compared to 0.51% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 2.60 and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.0001). In patients treated with either Methotrexate, Sulfasalazine, or Etanercept, the ORs were 2.88, 3.1, and 1.07, respectively. The differences between Methotrexate and Sulfasalazine were statistically significant (P< 0.0001). The OR for prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients treated with Etanercept was significantly lower than that of patients treated with either Methotrexate or Sulfasalazine (P< 0.005).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Oral healthcare providers should be aware of the possible association between rheumatoid arthritis and occurrence of periapical abscesses. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, mainly women, may exhibit higher prevalence of periapical abscesses. Treatment with TNF alpha inhibitors may lower the prevalence of periapical abscesses in such patients.

PMID:34370914

Dig Endosc. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.1111/den.14103. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) have been reported as effective endoscopic treatment for superficial duodenal tumors (SDETs). However, it has been reported that a notable problem of UEMR for SDETs is that en bloc resection rate is relatively low. Therefore, we proposed a novel technique to improve en bloc resection rate: UEMR combining partial submucosal injection (PI-UEMR). The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of PI-UEMR for SDETs by comparing to UEMR.

METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study in a single-center. The patients who underwent UEMR or PI-UEMR from June 2010 to August 2020 ware included in this study. Eligible patients were selected from included patients in a 1 :1 ratio using propensity score matching. The clinical outcomes of endoscopic resection [procedure time, En bloc resection rate, complication rate (immediate perforation, delayed bleeding, delayed perforation)], and histopathological diagnosis (Adenoma/Cancer) were compared between each group.

RESULTS: Two-hundred twenty-eight patients were included in this study. Of included patients, 47 patients were selected in each group by propensity score matching. There were no statistical differences in procedure time (11±1.2min vs 9±1.2min, p=0.30), complication rate [immediate perforation (0% vs 2%, p=0.12), delayed bleeding(0% vs 2%, p=0.12),and no delayed perforation] and histopathological diagnosis (Adenoma; 100% vs 96%, p=0.14) in each group. However, en bloc resection rate of PI-UEMR was significantly higher than UEMR (96% vs 83%, p <0.05).

CONCLUSION: PI-UEMR might be superior procedure for en bloc resection in SDETs compare to UEMR.

PMID:34370891 | DOI:10.1111/den.14103

Am J Dent. 2021 Aug;34(4):179-185.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of the immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and resin cement type on fracture resistance of Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) zirconia inlay restorations.

METHODS: 90 Class II MOD cavities on freshly extracted human mandibular third molars, prepared with a high-speed handpiece, were divided into two groups: those with IDS (CR+) and without IDS (CR-). The CEREC system was used to prepare zirconia inlays from Katana super translucent multi-layered blocks. The inlays were cemented with one of three resin cements: RelyX Unicem 2 (RU), Multilink Automix (MA), or Super-Bond (SB). These specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours and exposed to 5,000 thermal cycles. A vertical load was applied with a metal sphere (Φ 6-mm) on a material testing system, with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute, until the specimen fractured. Fracture resistance was measured for each tooth, and the fractures were categorized according to Burke’s classification. Statistical analyses were conducted using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honest significant difference tests (P< 0.05).

RESULTS: No significant differences in tooth fracture resistance were identified between the CR+ and CR- groups. The SB group had a significantly higher fracture resistance compared to that of the MA group. Fracture morphology showed many mode IV fractures in all groups. IDS did not affect tooth fracture resistance, although there was a significant difference in tooth fracture resistance for different resin cement types used with Class II MOD zirconia inlay restorations.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Zirconia inlay restorations provide excellent mechanical performance, morphology, and esthetic appearance. In vitro, zirconia inlays cemented with any luting resin cement restored tooth fracture resistance to levels similar to that of intact teeth. Fracture resistance varied among the different resin cements.

PMID:34370908

Reprod Domest Anim. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.1111/rda.14001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Based on different surveys, dairy farmers are concerned about extensive use of exogenous oxytocin in buffaloes, which is being held responsible for reproductive problems, including; irregular estrous cycle and delayed ovulation. For these concerns, effects of oxytocin injection on postpartum follicular dynamics, postpartum estrous interval (PEI), estrus length, the interval from onset of estrus to ovulation, and blood progesterone (P4) were studied in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. For this purpose, 23 animals within one week after calving were randomly divided into three groups: without oxytocin (CON; n=7), 10 i.u. oxytocin (LOW; n=8), 30 i.u. oxytocin – (HIGH; n=8), and used to record the PEIfor the study period of 154 days. At subsequent estrus, three buffaloes from each group (not served) were selected randomly to monitor two cycles for six weeks. Trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate follicular and corpus luteum (CL) development, while blood sampling was done for progesterone (P4) analysis. These results revealed that postpartum estrous interval (PEI) decreased significantly in oxytocin-treated groups. The number of small, medium and total follicles on the left ovary was significantly higher in HIGH group. However, an overall number of small and total follicles on both right and left ovaries was significantly higher in CON and HIGH groups. On the other hand, there was no difference in the number of follicles on right ovary among all treatment groups. The same was true for the size of pre-ovulatory follicles, CL, P4 concentrations and estrous cycle length. The intervals from onset of estrus to ovulation and from standing estrus to ovulation were increased considerably in HIGH group. It is concluded that exogenous oxytocin administration resulted in the shortening of PEIbut triggered a delay in ovulation. Moreover, a higher dose of oxytocin could stimulate the growth of small, medium, and total follicles in postpartum Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

PMID:34370879 | DOI:10.1111/rda.14001

Med Phys. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.1002/mp.15155. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The current practice in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) planning almost always includes different dose calculation strategies for plan optimization and final dose verification. The accurate Monte Carlo (MC) dose algorithm is considered to be time-consuming for the optimization. Thus a fast, simplified dose algorithm is used in the optimization. The significant differences between the optimized dose and the delivered dose lead to tediously-planning loops and potentially-suboptimal solutions. This work aims to develop an IMRT optimization algorithm to minimize the dose discrepancy so that the delivered dose can be optimized in a holistic, end-to-end manner.

METHODS: The proposed algorithm, namely NeuralDAO, integrates a neural dose network into the Column-Generation (CG) Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO) formulation for step-and-shoot IMRT planning. The neural dose network is designed and trained to produce doses of MC-level accuracy within few milliseconds. Its differentiability is fully exploited to compute gradients for identifying potential aperture shapes. A prototype of NeuralDAO was developed in PyTorch and available to the public. Five lung patient cases have been studied. Dosimetric accuracy was compared with the MC dose. Plan quality and time were compared with a state-of-the-art (SoA) dose-correct algorithm. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS: The average gamma passing rate at 2mm2% is 99.7% between the optimized and delivered dose. The Convergence process produced by NeuralDAO is virtually identical to that produced by an MC-based DAO. The average dose calculation time is 12.1 milliseconds for an aperture on GPU. One session of optimization took 10 minutes to 36 minutes. Compared with the SoA, a better conformity index and homogeneity index were observed for the target. The esophagus was significantly spared. Significant reductions were observed for the re-planning number and the planning time.

CONCLUSIONS: A new DAO algorithm based on the neural dose network has been developed. The results suggest this algorithm minimizes the discrepancy between the optimized and delivered dose, which offers a promising approach to reduce the time and effort required in IMRT planning. This work demonstrates the possibility of applying the neural network in IMRT optimization. It is of great potential to extend this algorithm to other treatment modalities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34370880 | DOI:10.1002/mp.15155

Drug Alcohol Rev. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.1111/dar.13367. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sexuality and gender diverse Australians are a priority population in federal and state-based alcohol and other drug (AOD) strategies. Research evidence shows higher prevalence of AOD use by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people, riskier use and a higher proportion have accessed AOD treatment. Despite these disparities, Australian AOD treatment services do not routinely collect data on sexuality or gender identity. As a result, the treatment needs, experiences and outcomes of LGBTQ people remain largely invisible. The Australian Bureau of Statistics’ recently released standardised indicators for the recording of sex, gender, variations of sex characteristics and sexual orientation presents an opportunity for the AOD sector to implement inclusive data collection as a foundational step towards achieving policy priorities for LGBTQ people. This commentary includes an implementation case study from the New South Wales non-government AOD treatment sector, where sexuality and gender identity indicators have been collected since 2016.

PMID:34370883 | DOI:10.1111/dar.13367

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7060. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Packed cell volume (PCV) is commonly used to assess and monitor red blood cell count in animals, but the results can be altered if inappropriate ratios of anticoagulant/blood are used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ideally filled, overfilled, and underfilled K3 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes with various volumes of healthy dog blood on centrifuged PCV. Six milliliters of blood was obtained from 94 blood donors each. Initial distribution was injected into two nonheparinized microhematocrit tubes. The remainder was instilled into 1.3 mL K3 EDTA spray-dried tubes as 1.5 mL, 1.3 mL, 0.75 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.25 mL aliquots. Normality was determined using the D’agostino-Pearson method and by visual examination of histograms. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc testing using Tukey’s test. There is a statistically significant decrease in the PCV between all groups with progressive underfilling of tubes (P < .0001). The closest difference is between 1.5 and 1.3 mL (P = .0138). Our study suggested that underfilling K3 EDTA tubes significantly and negatively influences the PCV in healthy dogs. Using underfilled K3 EDTA tubes result in a lower PCV compared with directly filled microhematocrit tubes without anticoagulant.

PMID:34370848 | DOI:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7060

PLoS One. 2021 Aug 9;16(8):e0256189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256189. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251107.].

PMID:34370793 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0256189

PLoS Pathog. 2021 Aug 9;17(8):e1009838. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Through evolution, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) developed highly intricate mechanisms exploiting host resources for its multiplication within a constrained genetic coding capacity. Yet a clear picture of viral hitchhiking of cellular processes with spatial resolution is still largely unsolved. Here, by leveraging bDNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with immunofluorescence, we developed a microscopic approach for multiplex detection of viral nucleic acids and proteins, which enabled us to probe some of the key aspects of HBV life cycle. We confirmed the slow kinetics and revealed the high variability of viral replication at single-cell level. We directly visualized HBV minichromosome in contact with acetylated histone 3 and RNA polymerase II and observed HBV-induced degradation of Smc5/6 complex only in primary hepatocytes. We quantified the frequency of HBV pregenomic RNAs occupied by translating ribosome or capsids. Statistics at molecular level suggested a rapid translation phase followed by a slow encapsidation and maturation phase. Finally, the roles of microtubules (MTs) on nucleocapsid assembly and virion morphogenesis were analyzed. Disruption of MTs resulted in the perinuclear retention of nucleocapsid. Meanwhile, large multivesicular body (MVB) formation was significantly disturbed as evidenced by the increase in number and decrease in volume of CD63+ vesicles, thus inhibiting mature virion secretion. In conclusion, these data provided spatially resolved molecular snapshots in the context of specific subcellular activities. The heterogeneity observed at single-cell level afforded valuable molecular insights which are otherwise unavailable from bulk measurements.

PMID:34370796 | DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009838