Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Radiol. 2021 May 27;141:109791. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109791. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate whether prostate cancer (PCa) lesions regarding histopathological composition exhibit different morphological features on multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI).

METHODS: We investigated men with PCa with available mpMRI and whole-mount specimens between June 2015 to December 2020.The acquisition protocol consistent with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS). Two observers evaluated the images following the PI-RADS v2.1. guideline before biopsy and radical prostatectomy. The discrepancies were resolved in a joint meeting. A genitourinary pathologist reviewed the whole-digitalized mount specimens, and the lesions with Gleason score of 7 and above (3 + 4 and above), and/or cancers with a maximum diameter of 6 mm and more, and/or extraprostatic extension were accepted as clinically significant PCa. The PI-RADS scores and the diameter of the clinically significant PCa on mpMRI concerning histopathological components (i.e., cribriform component, intraductal pattern, or without cribriform component or intraductal pattern) were investigated. The clinically significant PCa foci with PI-RADS score <3 was accepted as an invisible lesion on mpMRI.

RESULTS: In all, 58 men with a total of 112 clinically significant PCa foci, were enrolled in the study. The intraductal pattern, cribriform pattern, or none of these patterns were observed in 28/112 (25 %), 43/112 (38.05 %), and 41/112 (36.60 %) tumor foci. Six out of 28 (21.42 %), 17/43 (39.53 %), and 18/41 (42.8 %) foci with an intraductal pattern, cribriform component, or without any of them, respectively, were invisible on mpMRI (P = 0.111).

CONCLUSION: Though it was not reached a statistical significance, clinically significant PCa with the cribriform component and without any intraductal or cribriform component are more likely to manifests mpMRI invisible foci than the intraductal pattern. Further multi-center studies are warranted to precisely elucidate mpMRI features of PCa regarding histopathological composition.

PMID:34062471 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109791

Neurobiol Aging. 2021 May 2;105:129-136. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

White matter dysfunction and degeneration have been a topic of great interest in healthy and pathological aging. While ex vivo studies have investigated age-related changes in canines, little in vivo canine aging research exists. Quantitative diffusion MRI such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has demonstrated aging and neurodegenerative white matter changes in humans. However, this method has not been applied and adapted in vivo to canine populations. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that white matter diffusion changes frequently reported in human aging are also found in aged canines. The study used Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and a region of interest (ROI) approach to investigate age related changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD) and radial diffusivity (RD). The results show that, compared to younger animals, aged canines have significant decreases in FA in parietal and temporal regions as well as the corpus callosum and fornix. Additionally, AxD decreases were observed in parietal, frontal, and midbrain regions. Similarly, an age- related increase in RD was observed in the right parietal lobe while MD decreases were found in the midbrain. These findings suggest that canine samples show commonalities with human brain aging as both exhibit similar white matter diffusion tensor changes with increasing age.

PMID:34062488 | DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.021

Neurosurg Focus. 2021 Jun;50(6):E4. doi: 10.3171/2021.3.FOCUS2164.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been shown to increase fusion rates; however, cost, limited FDA approval, and possible complications impact its use. Decisions regarding rhBMP-2 use and changes over time have not been well defined. In this study, the authors aimed to assess changes in rhBMP-2 use for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery over the past decade.

METHODS: A retrospective review of the International Spine Study Group prospective multicenter database was performed to identify ASD patients treated surgically from 2008 to 2018. For assessment of rhBMP-2 use over time, 3 periods were created: 2008-2011, 2012-2015, and 2016-2018.

RESULTS: Of the patients identified, 1180 met inclusion criteria, with a mean age 60 years and 30% of patients requiring revision surgery; rhBMP-2 was used in 73.9% of patients overall. The mean rhBMP-2 dose per patient was 23.6 mg. Patients receiving rhBMP-2 were older (61 vs 58 years, p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.9 vs 1.4, p < 0.001), a higher rate of the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab pelvic tilt modifier (> 0; 68% vs 62%, p = 0.026), a greater deformity correction (change in pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis 15° vs 12°, p = 0.01), and more levels fused (8.9 vs 7.9, p = 0.003). Over the 3 time periods, the overall rate of rhBMP-2 use increased and then stabilized (62.5% vs 79% vs 77%). Stratified analysis showed that after an overall increase in rhBMP-2 use, only patients who were younger than 50 years, those who were smokers, those who received a three-column osteotomy (3CO), and patients who underwent revision sustained an increased rate of rhBMP-2 use between the later two periods. No similar increases were noted for older patients, nonsmokers, primary surgery patients, and patients without a 3CO. The total rhBMP-2 dose decreased over time (26.6 mg vs 24.8 mg vs 20.7 mg, p < 0.001). After matching patients by preoperative alignment, 215 patients were included, and a significantly lower rate of complications leading to revision surgery was observed within the 2012-2015 period compared with the 2008-2011 (21.4% vs 13.0%, p = 0.029) period, while rhBMP-2 was increasingly used (80.5% vs 66.0%, p = 0.001). There was a trend toward a lower rate of pseudarthrosis for patients in the 2012-2015 period, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (7% vs 4.2%, p = 0.283).

CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that rhBMP-2 was used in the majority of ASD patients and was more commonly used in those with greater deformity correction. Additionally, over the last 10 years, rhBMP-2 was increasingly used for ASD patients, but the dose has decreased.

PMID:34062501 | DOI:10.3171/2021.3.FOCUS2164

J Environ Manage. 2021 May 29;293:112892. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112892. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Energy intensive traditional cereals based monoculture often lead to high greenhouse gas emissions and degradation of land and environmental quality. Present study aimed at evaluating the energy and carbon budget of diversified groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) based cropping system with over existing traditional practice towards the development of a sustainable production technology through restoration of soil and environmental quality and enhancement of farming resiliency by stabilizing farmers’ income. The trials comprised of three introduced groundnut based systems viz. groundnut- pea (Pisum sativum), groundnut-lentil (Lens esculenta) and groundnut-toria (Brasssica campestris var. Toria) replacing three existing systems viz. maize (Zea mays L) – fallow, maize – toria, and rice (Oryza sativa L)-fallow systems. Four years study revealed that adoption of groundnut based systems reduced non-renewable energy input use (fertilizers, chemical, machinery and fossil fuels) by 25.5%, consequently that reduced the cost of production. Repeated analysis of variance measurement also affirmed that groundnut based systems (groundnut-pea>groundnut-lentil> groundnut-toria) increased the energy use efficiency, energy productivity, carbon use efficiency, net returns and decreased the specific energy and energy intensiveness. Groundnut based systems increased the mean system productivity and water productivity in terms of groundnut equivalent yield by 3.7 and 3.1 folds over existing practice. The savings of fossil fuel reduced greenhouse gas emissions owing to reduced use of farm machinery and synthetic fertilizers. Groundnut based systems significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the soil carbon concentration (8.7-18.1%) and enzymatic activities (27.1-51.8%) over existing practice. Consequently, estimated soil quality index values were 35.9-77.3% higher under groundnut based systems than existing practice. Thus, the study indicated the resilient nature of groundnut based systems as an environmentally safe and sustainable production technology for enhancing resource use efficiency, reduce carbon emission, energy intensiveness and cost of production in the Eastern Himalaya region of India and similar ecosystems.

PMID:34062423 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112892

Environ Pollut. 2021 May 25;284:117358. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117358. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NIIs) are extensively used worldwide and frequently detected in the environment. The human and ecological risks associated with the occurrence of NIIs in agricultural zones are of high importance. The present study highlights the regional occurrence and human exposure risks of NIIs in agricultural soil within the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. Six neonicotinoids, i.e., imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidaclothiz, dinotefuran, and flonicamid, were measured in 351 soil samples from Zengcheng, a typical agricultural zone. The soil samples were categorized into three groups based on cultivated plants: vegetables, rice, and fruits. At least one of these neonicotinoid insecticides was detected in 95% of the soil samples. The levels of ∑₆NII (range (median)) were 0.26-390 (23), 0.26-280 (6.1), and 0.26-120 (5.0) ng g^-1 dry weight in soil samples from vegetable farms, rice paddies, and fruit farms, respectively. Neonicotinoids were detected more frequently and at statistically higher concentrations in vegetable farms than in both rice paddies and fruit farms. This is likely ascribed to higher application frequencies of NIIs in vegetable farms due to higher planting frequencies. The hazard index values for human exposure to NIIs in the agricultural soils were all below 1, suggesting negligible non-cancer risks. The current residual levels of NIIs in the soils could however pose sub-lethal or acute effects to non-target terrestrial organisms such as earthworms. The present study suggests that more information is needed regarding NIIs contamination in soils from agricultural regions of South China to ensure that human and ecological risk from exposure to these compounds can be fully addressed.

PMID:34062434 | DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117358

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 May 29;235:113776. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113776. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We aimed to explore the association of occupational noise exposure with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in Chinese adults. We included 21,412 participants from the Dongfeng-tongji Cohort Study, occupational noise exposure was evaluated through workplace noise level and/or the job titles, hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone mean of 25 dB or higher at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in any ear. Compared with participants without occupational noise exposure, the 10-year ASCVD risk was significantly higher for noise exposure duration ≥20 years (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.05-1.32) after adjusting for potential confounders. In the subgroup analysis, the association was only statistically significant in males (OR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.12-3.14) and participants aged equal to or over 60 years old (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.05-1.33), but not in females (OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.71-1.92) and aged below 60 (OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 0.75-2.85). In the subsample analyses (N = 10,165), bilateral hearing loss was associated with a higher risk of 10-year ASCVD (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.30-2.30), especially for participants who were males (OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.61-3.42) and aged equal to or over 60 (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.40-2.44). The present study suggests that occupational noise exposure may be a potential risk factor for ASCVD, especially for males and older participants.

PMID:34062450 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113776

Compr Psychiatry. 2021 May 19;108:152246. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152246. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Previous meta-analyses showed that OCD is associated with a substantial risk of suicidal behaviours. Conclusive rates of suicidal ideation (current and lifetime) and suicide attempts based on pooled prevalence rates have not so far been calculated using meta-analysis for the other DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs).

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aims to separately calculate the pooled prevalence rates of lifetime suicide attempts and current or lifetime suicidal ideation in BDD, Hoarding Disorder (HD), Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) and Trichotillomania (TTM) and to identify factors associated with increased suicide rates.

METHODS: Our protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020164395). A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA reporting guidelines was performed by searching in PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL databases from the date of the first available article to April 20th, 2020. Stata version 15 was used for the statistical analysis. Given the small number of studies in TTM and SPD, the two grooming disorders were grouped together. Meta-analyses of proportions based on random effects (Der-Simonian and Laird method) were used to derive the pooled estimates.

RESULTS: Thirty-eigth studies (N = 4559 participants) were included: 23 for BDD, 8 for HD, 7 for Grooming Disorders. For BDD, the pooled prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts, current and lifetime suicidal ideation was, respectively 35.2% (CI:23.4-47.8), 37.2% (CI:23.8-51.6) and 66.1% (CI:53.5-77.7). For HD, the pooled prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts, current and lifetime suicidal ideation was 24.1% (CI:12.8-37.6), 18.4% (CI:10.2-28.3) and 38.3% (CI:35.0-41.6), respectively. For Grooming Disorders, the pooled prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts and current suicidal ideation were 13.3% (CI:5.9-22.8) and 40.4% (CI:35.7-45.3), respectively (no data available for lifetime suicidal ideation).

CONCLUSIONS: The OCRDs as a group are associated with relatively high rates of suicidal behaviour. Through indirect comparisons, we infer that BDD has the greatest risk. Comorbid substance abuse, possibly reflecting poor underlying impulse control, is associated with higher rates of suicidal behaviour in BDD. Our data emphasize the need for clinicians to consider the risk of suicidal behaviour in the management of patients presenting with all forms of OCRDs.

PMID:34062378 | DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152246

Environ Int. 2021 May 29;156:106656. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity.

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures.

METHODS: We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007-2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall’s τ_a. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6-19 or 20+ years of age).

RESULTS: Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method.

DISCUSSION: Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias.

PMID:34062395 | DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656

Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021 May 25;52:101908. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101908. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hypothermia is an important cause of death in forensic pathology. For the forensic diagnosis of hypothermia, some reports point out the possibility that hypothermia without diabetes may cause ketoacidosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ketoacidosis in a murine model of hypothermia, using the cold stress at 4 °C for 3 or 5 hrs in genetically diabetic (BKS.Cg-+Lepr^db/+Lepr^db/J) mice, compared with control (BKS.Cg- Dock7^m+/Dock7^m+/J) mice. The core temperature decrease was larger in diabetic mice than in control mice. We observed a novel finding that ketoacidosis assessed by elevated serum 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) occurs in hypothermia both in diabetic and control mice. Diabetic mice showed a prominent elevation of serum 3HB under cold stress. The protein expressions of monocarboxylate cotransporter 1 (MCT1), the channel protein used for the uptake of 3HB in skeletal muscles, showed a statistically significant decrease under cold stress for 3 hrs in control mice, indicating that the serum 3HB increase may be partially due to the decrease in the cellular uptake through the channel protein. Our results suggest the usefulness of hyperketonemia for the diagnosis of hypothermia not only in diabetic but also in non-diabetic cases.

PMID:34062368 | DOI:10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101908

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 1:dgab389. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab389. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in regional fat distribution is uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the MT is associated with the development of central adiposity.

DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, spanning 1996-2013 (median follow-up 11.8 years).

SETTING: Community-based.

PARTICIPANTS: 380 women with regional body composition measures by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean baseline age was 45.7 years; racial/ethnic composition was 16% Black, 41% Japanese and 43% White.

OUTCOMES: Changes in android, gynoid and visceral fat and waist and hip circumferences.

RESULTS: Android fat increased by 1.21% per year (py) and 5.54% py during premenopause and the MT, respectively (each p<0.05). Visceral and gynoid fat began increasing at the MT, annualized changes were 6.24% and 2.03%, respectively (each p <0.05). Postmenopausal annual trajectories decelerated to 1.47% (visceral), 0.90% (android), and -0.87% (gynoid), (all non-zero, p <0.05). Waist girth grew during premenopause (0.55% py), the MT (0.96% py), and postmenopause (0.55% py) (all non-zero, p<0.05; not statistically different from each other). Hip girth grew during premenopause (0.20% py) and the MT (0.35% py) (each non-zero, p<0.05; not statistically different from each other) and decelerated to zero slope in postmenopause. Results are for the White referent; there were statistically significant differences in some trajectories in Black and Japanese women.

CONCLUSIONS: The MT is associated with the development of central adiposity. Waist or hip circumferences are less sensitive to changes in fat distribution.

PMID:34061966 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab389