Tag: nevin manimala

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06836-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease whose symptoms and risk factors are newly described. Some allergic diseases, including asthma, have been defined as risk factors for a poor outcome in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the role of another allergic disease-allergic rhinitis-in the severity of COVID-19.

METHODS: This case-control study was conducted at Sakarya Educational and Research Hospital, Toyota Hospital and Yenikent State Hospital between March 18, 2020 and August 30, 2020. The study included a case group of 125 randomly selected patients who had been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in advance of having COVID-19 and a control group of 125 patients without allergic rhinitis who were diagnosed with COVID-19. We evaluated all participants’ statuses regarding smoking, symptoms, and hospitalization, as well as the length of their hospitalization and the number of their comorbidities.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding percentage of asymptomatic patients (p = 0.27), presence of smoking (p = 0.068), hospitalization status (p = 0.79), and hospitalization length (p = 0.55). From each group, two patients needed care in an intensive care unit (ICU). One patient from the case group and two from the control group died due to COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: We found that allergic rhinitis did not affect the severity of COVID-19. However, we recommend that the literature be augmented with further studies on the COVID-19 prognosis of patients who have allergic rhinitis.

PMID:33932179 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-06836-z

Egypt Heart J. 2021 May 1;73(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s43044-021-00163-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Conflicting data were found regarding the anemia’s effect on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. We directed our study to investigate anemia’s effect on clinical in-stent restenosis (ISR) following PCI.

RESULTS: A prospective multi-center cohort study was performed on 470 consecutive participants undergoing elective PCI. We classified the participants into two groups: group 1 who were anemic and group 2 who were non-anemic as a control group. At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months by clinic visits, we followed up with the patients to assess anemia’s clinical ISR effect. We found that 20% of the patients undergoing PCI had anemia. Anemic patients showed a statistically significant higher rate of impaired renal function and diabetes and a higher percentage of the female gender. Multivariate regression analysis for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after adjusting for confounding factors revealed that anemia represents a more risk on MACE (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 4.13; 95% CI 2.35-7.94; p value < 0.001) and carries a higher risk upon clinical ISR (adjusted HR was 3.51; 95% CI 1.88-7.16; p value < 0.001) over 12 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Anemic patients going through PCI are generally females, diabetics, and have renal impairment. Anemia might be considered another indicator for clinical ISR and is fundamentally associated with an increased MACE incidence.

PMID:33932182 | DOI:10.1186/s43044-021-00163-8

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12635. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The CYP2D6 enzyme exhibits large interindividual differences in metabolic activity. Patients are commonly assigned a CYP2D6 phenotype based on their CYP2D6 genotype, but there is a lack of consensus on how to translate genotypes into phenotypes, causing inconsistency in genotype-based dose recommendations. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the impact of different CYP2D6 genotypes and alleles on CYP2D6 metabolism using a large clinical dataset. A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of tedatioxetine and its CYP2D6-dependent metabolite was developed based on pharmacokinetic data from 578 subjects. The CYP2D6-mediated metabolism was quantified for each subject based on estimates from the final popPK model and CYP2D6 activity scores were calculated for each allele using multiple linear regression. The activity scores estimated for the decreased function alleles were 0.46 (CYP2D6*9), 0.34 (CYP2D6*10), 0.01 (CYP2D6*17), 0.65 (CYP2D6*29) and 0.21 (CYP2D6*41). The CYP2D6*17 and CYP2D6*41 alleles were thus associated with the lowest CYP2D6 activity, although only the difference to the CYP2D6*9 allele was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). The study provides new in vivo evidence of the enzyme function of different CYP2D6 genotypes and alleles. Our findings suggest that the activity score assigned to the CYP2D6*41 should be revisited, while CYP2D6*17 appears to exhibit substrate-specific behaviour. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings and to improve the understanding of CYP2D6 genotype-phenotype relationships across substrates.

PMID:33932135 | DOI:10.1002/psp4.12635

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1007/s00423-021-02178-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: It has been reported that there are left and right hepatic arterial arcades via the blood vessels around the hilar bile duct; therefore, when the hilar bile duct is preserved, hepatic artery reconstruction may not be necessary. We compared the short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with right hepatic artery resection without right hepatic artery reconstruction (RHAR group) with those patients who underwent conventional PD.

METHODS: All data were retrospectively collected from patient records. A 1:4-propensity score-matched case-control study was conducted in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma who received treatment at Tokyo Women’s Medical University from February 1985 to April 2015.

RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the overall morbidity rate between the two groups. No patient in the RHAR group (10 patients) had liver failure, liver abscess, or cholangitis in the postoperative period; one patient died postoperatively because of a bleeding pseudoaneurysm in the gastroduodenal artery. The PD group (40 patients) had a significantly better median time regarding the recurrence (34 vs. 11 months, p=0.027) and 5-year disease-free survival (35% vs. 10%, p=0.027) rates than the RHAR group, which may be attributed to the presence of a more severe disease in patients in the RHAR group.

CONCLUSION: We concluded that pancreaticoduodenectomy with right hepatic artery resection without reconstruction has a comparable overall morbidity rate with that of a conventional pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery and may be performed as an alternative procedure when tumor invasion of the right hepatic artery is suspected.

PMID:33932159 | DOI:10.1007/s00423-021-02178-w

Bull Math Biol. 2021 May 1;83(6):65. doi: 10.1007/s11538-021-00899-z.

ABSTRACT

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) is among the most destructive eruptive forest pests in North America. A recent increase in the frequency and severity of outbreaks, combined with an eastward range expansion towards untouched boreal pine forests, has spurred a great interest by government, industry and academia into the population ecology of this tree-killing bark beetle. Modern approaches to studying the spread of the MPB often involve the analysis of large-scale, high-resolution datasets on landscape-level damage to pine forests. This creates a need for new modelling tools to handle the unique challenges associated with large sample sizes and spatial effects. In two companion papers (Koch et al. in Environ Ecol Stat. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-020-00456-2 , 2020a; J R Soc Interface 17(170):20200434, 2020b), we explain how the computational challenges of dispersal and spatial autocorrelation can be addressed using separable kernels. In this paper, we use these ideas to capture nonstationary patterns in the dispersal flights of MPB. This facilitates a landscape-level inference of subtle properties of MPB attack behaviour based on aerial surveys of killed pine. Using this model, we estimate the size of the cryptic endemic MPB population, which formerly has been measurable only by means of costly and time-intensive ground surveys.

PMID:33932176 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-021-00899-z

ESC Heart Fail. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The LACE index-length of stay (L), acuity (A), Charlson co-morbidities (C), and emergent visits (E)-predicts 30-day outcomes following heart failure (HF) hospitalization but is complex to score. A simpler LE index (length of stay and emergent visits) could offer a practical advantage in point-of-care risk prediction.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a sub-study of the patient-centred care transitions in HF (PACT-HF) multicentre trial. The derivation cohort comprised patients hospitalized for HF, enrolled in the trial, and followed prospectively. External validation was performed retrospectively in a cohort of patients hospitalized for HF. We used log-binomial regression models with LACE or LE as the predictor and either 30-day composite all-cause readmission or death or 30-day all-cause readmission as the outcomes, adjusting only for post-discharge services. There were 1985 patients (mean [SD] age 78.1 [12.1] years) in the derivation cohort and 378 (mean [SD] age 73.1 [13.2] years) in the validation cohort. Increments in the LACE and LE indices were associated with 17% (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.12, 1.21; C-statistic 0.64) and 21% (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15, 1.26; C-statistic 0.63) increases, respectively, in 30-day composite all-cause readmission or death; and 16% (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.11, 1.20; C-statistic 0.64) and 18% (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13, 1.24; C-statistic 0.62) increases, respectively, in 30-day all-cause readmission. The LE index provided better risk discrimination for the 30-day outcomes than did the LACE index in the external validation cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: The LE index predicts 30-day outcomes following HF hospitalization with similar or better performance than the more complex LACE index.

PMID:33932113 | DOI:10.1002/ehf2.13324

Cancer Med. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3894. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in the left lateral lobe, the optimal surgical procedure is still controversial. This study aimed to optimize surgical strategies and to construct a nomogram to predict the postoperative survival of patients with HCC.

METHODS: Between 1 January 2005 and 30 September 2018, a total of 493 patients were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed between the left lateral lobectomy (LLL) and left hepatectomy (LH) groups (1:1). The study endpoints were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and safety. A nomogram was generated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated using C-statistics and calibration plots.

RESULTS: After matching, 87 pairs were included. The LH group had better 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates than the LLL group (88%, 73%, and 69% vs. 73%, 57%, and 49%, respectively; p = 0.017). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates of the LH group were similar to those of the LLL group (64%, 49%, and 46% vs. 63%, 51%, and 42%, respectively; p = 0.652). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications. Eight factors were integrated into the nomogram and it had good discriminative ability and calibration.

CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that compared to LLL, LH may result in better OS and have similar postoperative complications for HCC. The nomogram may serve as a practical tool for the individual prognostic evaluation of patients with HCC.

PMID:33932132 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.3894

J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1111/jog.14785. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of miscarriage, there are few studies which assess the concordance of a diagnosis of miscarriage in routinely collected health databases.

OBJECTIVES: To determine agreement and accuracy for the diagnosis of miscarriage between electronic health records (EHR), the Hospital Inpatient-Enquiry (HIPE) system, and hospital register books in Ireland.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study comparing agreement of diagnosis of miscarriage between three hospital data sources from January to June 2017. All inpatient admissions for miscarriage were reviewed from a single, tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland. Kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated.

RESULTS: In this retrospective concordance study, EHR records confirmed 96.2% diagnosis of miscarriage of HIPE records, and 95.1% of register books records. A total of 95 records were not recorded in the register books but were recorded in HIPE and EHR. This study found a considerable variability when comparing definitions of type of miscarriage (i.e., missed miscarriage, incomplete, and complete) between the three data sources.

CONCLUSION: Although this study found a high concordance in inpatient admissions for miscarriage between EHR, HIPE, and register books, a considerable discrepancy was found when classifying miscarriage between the three data sources.

PMID:33932071 | DOI:10.1111/jog.14785

Int J Clin Pract. 2021 May 1:e14297. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14297. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate and evaluate factors affecting levels of negative bias or attitude towards obesity, known as “fat phobia”.

METHODS: The study included 583 individuals who agreed to participate in this research among those presented at our outpatient clinics for any reason. Participants were asked to complete a survey after their written consent was received. The survey consisted of two parts: the first related to socio-demographic information; the second including a “Fat Phobia Scale”, the “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”, and the “Beck Depression Inventory”. Data analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software.

RESULTS: Of the participants, 50.6% were male and 49.4% were female. Among participants, 49.7% had a weight problem in their family, while 50.6% had experienced weight problems. In addition, 35.7% of participants were overweight, 27.4% severely overweight, 20.1% medium-to-normal weight, 7% severely underweight, 6.7% underweight, and 3.1% obese. The median score for fat phobia level did not differ by gender (p=0.790) and was 3.07 in both men and women. The fat phobia level did not vary by profession, previous diets, previous weight problems, and weight self-assessment (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between fat phobia and age, weight, height, body mass index, state anxiety, trait anxiety and Beck depression score (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The common opinion across studies on bias is that the effective factor in being free from the relevant bias can be achieved through education. Although fat phobia is a new concept, it is an emotion that is always with us at varying levels. In order to minimize the level of fat phobia as much as possible, to draw attention to this situation and to raise awareness, weight management should be ensured for the health of individuals in addition to psychological sessions.

PMID:33932080 | DOI:10.1111/ijcp.14297

Chem Biodivers. 2021 May 1. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100053. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Cistaceae family is well represented in Sardinia, and the Cistus genus is widely used in traditional medicine. Nowadays only few studies have been performed on this genus vegetating in Sardinia in spite of its ethnobotanical importance. Moreover, in the past there have been conflicting opinions among botanists for the exact assignment of the species growing in Sardinia. We started several years ago to carried out studies on this genus and in the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of several samples of Cistus salvifolius L., Cistus monspeliensis L., and Cistus albidus L. collected in Sardinia as antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and four Candida species and their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the phenolic content and composition of the extracts were first evaluated. Using statistical multivariate analysis on the complete metabolomics profile of all Cistus species growing wild in Sardinia, we confirmed the botanical classification, and we observed an interesting correlation between metabolomics profile and antioxidant activity.

PMID:33932088 | DOI:10.1002/cbdv.202100053