Tag: nevin manimala

J Sci Food Agric. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11334. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Soy contains many bioactive phytochemicals, such as isoflavones, which have the effect of preventing many cancers. Some studies have shown the beneficial effect of soy-based food and isoflavone intake on gastric cancer (GC), while others claimed no effect. Therefore, whether the beneficial effect of soy-based food is related to its fermentation or whether its protective effect comes from isoflavones still remains inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between total soybean, fermented soybean, non-fermented soybean, and isoflavone intake and the risk of GC. Ten cohort studies and 21 case-control studies involving 916 354 participates were included. The association between soy-based food and isoflavone intake and the risk of GC was calculated with the pooled RRs for the highest versus lowest intake categories. The results showed that isoflavone intake might be a protective factor to GC, but the result was not statistically significant (RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.79-1.07). However, total soybean intake could significantly decrease the risk of GC by 36% (RR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51-0.80), which might credit to non-fermented soybean products (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.71-0.87). In contrast, high intake of fermented soybean products could increase the risk of GC (RR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.02-1.38). High intake of total soybean and non-fermented soybean products could reduce the risk of GC, and high intake of fermented soybean products could increase the risk, which indicated that the beneficial effect of soy-based food might be related to its non-fermentation. However, high intake of isoflavones may not be associated with the incidence of GC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34032287 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.11334

J Oral Rehabil. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1111/joor.13209. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The current diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) do not require imaging for the diagnosis of degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle and there is a lack of data investigating the effectiveness of imaging modalities in predicting long-term TMJ DJD prognosis.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the association between initial bone scintigraphy results and long-term DJD bone changes occurring in the TMJ condyle on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS: Initial bone scintigraphy, panoramic radiography, and CBCT results were analyzed in relation to long-term (12 months) TMJ DJD bone change on CBCTs in 55 TMD patients (110 joints). Clinical and radiographic indices were statistically analyzed among 3 groups (improves, no change, worsened) based on long-term TMJ DJD prognosis calculated by destructive change index (DCI).

RESULTS: Neither the uptake ratio nor visual assessment results from initial bone scintigraphy showed a significant difference according to long-term condylar bone change groups. The cut-off value of bone scintigraphy uptake ratio was 2.53 for long-term worsening of TMJ DJD. Worsening of TMJ DJD was significantly associated with the diagnosis based on panoramic radiography(P=0.011) and CBCT(P<0.001). Initial DCI (β=-0.291, P=0.046) had a significant association with long-term worsening of TMJ DJD.

CONCLUSION: Initial bone scintigraphy results do not show sufficiently close associations with long-term TMJ DJD prognosis. This should be considered in the selection process of imaging modalities for TMJ DJD patients. Future studies are needed to develop prognostic indices that comprise both clinical and imaging contents for improved predictive ability.

PMID:34032306 | DOI:10.1111/joor.13209

Prostate. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1002/pros.24171. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current preclinical models of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) require sophisticated technologies and/or genetically engineered cells for the noninvasive monitoring of tumors in remote sites, such as bone. Recent developments in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis provide an alternative method for noninvasive tumor monitoring at a low cost. Here, we sought to evaluate human Alu and LINE-1 ctDNA for the longitudinal measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial human PCa xenograft growth and response to ionizing radiation (IR) through comparison with standard slide caliper and bioluminescence measurements.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intratibial and subcutaneous xenografts were established in male athymic nude mice using LNCaP cells that stably express firefly luciferase. A subset of tumors was treated with a single dose of IR (CT-guided focal IR, 6 Gy). Tumor measurements were simultaneously taken by slide caliper (subcutaneous only), in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of human-specific Alu and LINE-1 ctDNA for several weeks.

RESULTS: Levels of ctDNA and bioluminescence increased concordantly with subcutaneous and intratibial tumor growth. A statistically significant correlation (Spearman) was observed between ctDNA and subcutaneous tumor volume (LINE-1, r = .94 and Alu, r = .95, p < .0001), ctDNA and bioluminescence (LINE-1, r = .66 and Alu, r = .60, p < .002), and bioluminescence and tumor volume (r = .66, p = .0003). Bioluminescence and ctDNA were also significantly correlated in intratibial tumors (LINE-1, r = .82 and Alu, r = .81, p < .0001). Following external beam IR, the tumor responses varied briefly by method of measurement, but followed a similar trend. Statistically significant correlations were maintained between ctDNA and slide caliper measurement in irradiated subcutaneous tumors (LINE-1, r = .64 and Alu, r = .44, p < .02), and ctDNA and bioluminescence in intratibial tumors (LINE-1, r = .55, p = .018).

CONCLUSIONS: Real-time qPCR of circulating human Alu and LINE-1 DNA provides an accurate measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial xenograft burden that is comparable with conventional bioluminescence imaging and slide caliper measurement. Transient differences in measurements were observed following tumor-targeted IR, but overall all measurements mirrored tumor growth and response.

PMID:34032307 | DOI:10.1002/pros.24171

J Chemother. 2021 May 25:1-10. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2021.1923153. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The main objective is to define the mortality of patients with cancer admitted to our hospital, their clinical and demographic characteristics, investigate the risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer, and determine factors that affect the mortality rates of patients with cancer dying of COVID-19. A total of 2401 patients were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 from March 11th, 2020, to May 31st, 2020. Ninety-two out of a total of 112 cancer patients were included in this study based on the planned inclusion/exclusion criteria. The clinical, demographic, and laboratory features and treatments provided were studied, and their effect on mortality rates was analyzed. In our study the median age of the patients was 67 years, and 55.4% were male. More than half (56.5%) of our patients had metastasis. The mortality rate was 6.2% in the overall population with COVID-19, whereas it was 23.9% in patients with cancer. The mortality rate in patients with metastasis was statistically significantly higher compared with those without metastasis (34.0% vs. 10.3% P = 0.008). The mortality rate in patients still smoking was statistically significantly higher than in non-smokers (37.5% vs. 12.5% P = 0.033). The mortality rates of patients with high average C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer levels were statistically significantly higher than in those without, and the mortality rates of patients with lower average albumin and hemoglobin levels were statistically significantly higher than those without (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.041, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.028, respectively). Having metastases concurrent with COVID-19 was a statistically significant factor predictive of prognosis. Also, high CRP, ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer, and low albumin and hemoglobin were related to increased mortality rates. The predictive and prognostic role of possible factors related to prognosis is still unknown and further large, multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

PMID:34032198 | DOI:10.1080/1120009X.2021.1923153

J Physiol. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1113/JP281691. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

KEY POINTS: Healthy older adults exhibit lower cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂ peak) than young in the absence of any age-related difference in skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, suggesting central hemodynamics plays a larger role in age-related declines in VO₂ peak. Total physical activity did not differ by age, but moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was lower in older compared to young adults. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with VO₂ peak and muscle oxidative capacity, but physical inactivity cannot entirely explain the age-related reduction in VO₂ peak.

ABSTRACT: Declining fitness (VO₂ peak) is a hallmark of aging and believed to arise from decreased oxygen delivery and reduced muscle oxidative capacity. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that is critical when evaluating the effects of age on parameters of fitness and energy metabolism. The objective was to evaluate the effects of age and sex on VO₂ peak, muscle mitochondrial physiology, and physical activity in young and older adults. An additional objective was to assess the contribution of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity to age-related reductions in VO₂ peak and determine if age-related variation in VO₂ peak and muscle oxidative capacity could be explained on the basis of physical activity levels. 23 young and 52 older men and women completed measurements of VO₂ peak, mitochondrial physiology in permeabilized muscle fibers, and free-living physical activity by accelerometry. Regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between age and VO₂ peak, mitochondrial function, and physical activity. Significant age-related reductions were observed for VO₂ peak (P<0.001), but not muscle mitochondrial capacity. Total daily step counts did not decrease with age, but older adults showed lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, which was associated with VO₂ peak (R² = 0.323, P<0.001) and muscle oxidative capacity (R² = 0.086, P = 0.011). After adjusting for sex and physical activity, age was negatively associated with VO₂ peak but not muscle oxidative capacity. Healthy older adults exhibit lower VO₂ peak but preserved mitochondrial capacity compared to young. Physical activity, particularly moderate-to-vigorous, is a key factor in observed age-related changes in fitness and muscle oxidative capacity, but cannot entirely explain the age-related reduction in VO₂ peak. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34032280 | DOI:10.1113/JP281691

Integr Cancer Ther. 2021 Jan-Dec;20:15347354211019107. doi: 10.1177/15347354211019107.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is both to estimate the efficacy and the safety of Yukgunja-tang (YGJT) and to establish evidence for the use of herbal medicines in the management of patients with cancer-related anorexia.

METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients with cancer-related anorexia. The enrolled participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups: the control group (n = 20), which received nutrition counseling, and the treatment group (n = 20), which received nutrition counseling and was administered YGJT at twice a day for 4 weeks (a total of 56 times @ 3.0 g each time). The primary outcome of this study was the score on the anorexia/cachexia subscale (ACS) of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). The secondary outcomes were the FAACT score with the ACS score excluded, the score on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for appetite, and the results on laboratory tests regarding appetite, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ghrelin. All variables related to the safety assessment, such as vital signs, electrocardiography results, laboratory test results (complete blood cell count, chemistry, urine test), and adverse events, were documented on the case report form (CRF) at every visit.

RESULT: The difference in the primary outcome, that is, the score on the anorexia/cachexia subscale (ACS) of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT), between the control and the treatment groups was statistically significant (P = .023) as was the difference in the FAACT scores with the ACS score excluded, a secondary outcome, between the 2 groups; however, no statistically significant differences were noted in the scores on the VAS or the levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, and ghrelin. In addition, no significant differences in the numbers and the types of adverse events or in the results on the laboratory tests between the control and the treatment groups were recorded.

CONCLUSION: These results obtained in this research confirmed the efficacy and the safety of using YGJT as a herb-medicine treatment option for patients with cancer-related anorexia.

PMID:34032151 | DOI:10.1177/15347354211019107

J Addict Dis. 2021 May 25:1-9. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1926882. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrolled drinking that causes distress and has damaging consequences for men and women of all ages. It is one of the four most disabling diseases and it affects approximately 14.6 million persons in Europe.

OBJECTIVES: Objective of this study is to investigate changes in platelet serotonin concentration after four weeks of alcohol abstinence in regards to the genotype of the serotonin transporter.

METHODS: A total of 154 patients with AUD were included in the study. Platelet serotonin concentrations were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotype of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction-based method.

RESULTS: We did not establish a statistically significant main effect of serotonin transporter polymorphism on platelet serotonin concentration after four weeks of abstinence.

CONCLUSION: Aforementioned finding is in line with previous research suggesting a complex relationship between serotonin transporter gene and platelet serotonin levels, and congruent with the well-established genotype interaction with numerous other factors, such as sex, ethnicity, education level, and stressful life events.

PMID:34032190 | DOI:10.1080/10550887.2021.1926882

Inquiry. 2021 Jan-Dec;58:469580211018285. doi: 10.1177/00469580211018285.

ABSTRACT

Hospital readmission of stroke elderly remains a need for detecting preventable risks. This study aims to develop a Readmission Stroke Screening Tool or RRST. The mixed research design was employed, phase1; systematic reviews from 193 articles extracting to be 14 articles, 9 experts’ consensus, and try out the RRST Internal consistency; IOC = .93, ICC = between .93 and .56, phase 2; Data collecting 150 of strokes patients in the stroke units during 2019 to 2020; 30 nurses employed the RRST to screen stroke elderly before discharge. Statistical analysis, Exploring Principal Factor Analysis to test the best predictor factor, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test the model identity were employed. Results: The multi-domain RRST; 4 factors: Intra, inter, and external factors of patients can predict the hospital readmission of Stroke elderly at a high level in 28 days. The ADL: Activities in the Daily life domain was the highest level of predicting (Eigen Value = 6.76, 1.15, Variances = 79.19%) significantly. 53.3% of user nurses reflected; the RRST tool’s effectiveness was achievable in usefulness, benefit, accuracy, and easy to use; however, the rest users identified to improve the RRST easier and quicker. Conclusion; The new RRST; can predict the high-risk readmission effectively = 92.5%. User nurses satisfied the RRST predicted quality. the multi-domain RRST could be detecting the Thai Stroke’s high-risk group for reducing avoidable risks, suggestion; more effort will be investigated prospectively in readmission by expanded volume of the Asian’ Stroke elderly for increasing accuracy predicting and extended tool quality utilized standard scored correctly.

PMID:34032150 | DOI:10.1177/00469580211018285

J Comp Eff Res. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.2217/cer-2021-0026. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In 2008, the Programa Rede Farmácia de Minas (RFM, literally translated: ‘Minas Gerais Pharmacy Network’ program) was created as a strategy to expand access to medicines. Aim: Measure access to medicines in public pharmacies through comparison between municipalities that joined or not the RFM. Materials & methods: Cross-sectional, evaluative study, gathering information from a representative sample of the municipalities in Minas Gerais between July 2014 and May 2015. The Poisson regression results were obtained by calculating the prevalence ratios. Results: Adequate access to medicines in Minas Gerais was 69.9%, being 75.8% in municipalities with and 69.2% without the RFM. The municipalities with the RFM showed statistically higher percentages in the Availability, Adequacy/Accommodation, and Acceptability dimensions. Conclusion: RFM appears an efficient strategy for promoting access to medicines.

PMID:34032143 | DOI:10.2217/cer-2021-0026

Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2021 May 25:10556656211012858. doi: 10.1177/10556656211012858. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Utilize 3-dimensional (3D) photography to evaluate the nasolabial changes in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and primary reconstructive surgery.

DESIGN: This is a retrospective serial longitudinal study of consecutively enrolled infants from September 2012 to July 2016 with BCLP who underwent NAM before primary lip and nose reconstructive surgery. It included infants who had digital 3dMD stereophotogrammetry records at initial presentation (T1), completion of NAM (T2), and 3 weeks following primary repair (T3). Twelve infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 3dMD Vultus software was used to orient images and plot 16 nasolabial points with x, y, z coordinates to obtain the linear and angular measurements. Nasal form changes were measured and analyzed between T1 (0.5 months old), T2 (5 months old), and T3 (6 months old). Intraclass correlation coefficient was performed for intrarater reliability. Averaged data from the 3D images was statistically analyzed from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3 with Wilcoxon tests. Unaffected infant norms from the Farkas publication were used as a control sample.

RESULTS: After NAM therapy, statistically significant changes in the position of subnasale and labius superius improved nasolabial symmetry. Both retruded after NAM were displaced downward after NAM and surgical correction with respect to soft tissue nasion. The nasal tip’s projection was maintained with NAM and surgical correction. The columella lengthened from 1.4 to 4.71 mm following NAM.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant improvement in the nasolabial anatomy after NAM, and this was further enhanced after primary reconstructive surgery.

PMID:34032145 | DOI:10.1177/10556656211012858