Tag: nevin manimala

Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Jul 30. doi: 10.1111/dom.16578. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the risk for impaired insulin homeostasis as a function of menopause-related factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis in non-diabetic, post-menopausal women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline data (n = 175 women) from the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES) were used, including insulin and dysglycaemia indices calculated from a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, untargeted peripheral metabolomics, targeted peripheral short chain fatty-acid levels and faecal bacterial microbiota surveyed by whole-metagenomic sequencing.

RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, menopause age <50 years and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were associated with lower Matsuda et al. insulin sensitivity index levels (β = -0.232, confidence interval (CI) = [-0.450, -0.014] and β = -0.275, CI = [-0.444, -0.107], respectively) but not pre-menopausal gynaecologic surgery. Pre-menopausal gynaecologic surgery was significantly associated with faecal microbiota beta diversity driven by a relative increase in diabetogenic Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium species and a decrease in protective Alistipes species and Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundances. A reduction in two glycerophospholipids in the plasmalogen class significantly statistically mediated an inverse association between gynaecologic surgery before menopause and insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS: Menopause age and history of HRT are more strongly associated with insulin resistance than gynaecologic surgery before menopause. However, gynaecologic surgery is associated with shifts in gut microbial composition and plasma metabolite levels with a potential to contribute to future diabetes risk.

PMID:40735808 | DOI:10.1111/dom.16578

Am J Biol Anthropol. 2025 Aug;187(4):e70105. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.70105.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study documents the prevalence and expression of localized hypoplasia of primary canine teeth (LHPC) in two groups: African American (Gullah) and Indonesian (Malay). New data for these groups clarify defect etiology. The impact of variation in tooth size on defect expression has not been studied in humans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The author analyzed dental casts of Gullah (n = 112 individuals, 466 teeth) at Ohio State University and Javanese Malay (n = 141 individuals, 582 teeth) at Gadja Mada University for primary canine hypoplasia. Scoring of enamel defects, measures of defect size, and crown size were evaluated for accuracy. Measures of intra-observer reliability are high (Kappa = 0.83, %concordance = 94.5; n = 175 teeth).

RESULTS: As expected, the prevalence of LHPC in Gullah (12.7% of teeth, 33.9% of individuals) was significantly greater than in Malay (3.1% of teeth, 11.4% of individuals). The number of teeth affected per individual is often two or less. Gullah defects were common on the cervical 1/3 of the crown and on the mesial aspect of lower canines. Large defects (> 2.0 mm, height and width) are frequent in lower canines; smaller-sized lesions appear often in upper and lower canines. Differences in mean tooth size of individuals with and without defects vary by group and sex.

DISCUSSION: Inter-group differences reaffirm the impact of socio-economic factors in LHPC etiology. Defect location is preferentially cervical, implying post-natal stress, and mesial in lower canines. Malay tooth crown size is not a factor in defect etiology, yet Gullah females with LHPC have larger crown size.

PMID:40735801 | DOI:10.1002/ajpa.70105

Emerg Med Australas. 2025 Aug;37(4):e70108. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.70108.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Quality improvement activities targeting low-value care are important to ensure that scarce healthcare resources are used responsibly. However, there has been little systematic research into what diagnostic testing is considered by emergency department (ED) clinicians to be at risk of unwarranted variation or potentially low value.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the views of ED clinicians on which diagnostic tests are highest risk for variation and/or low-value care.

METHODS: A voluntary electronic survey was distributed to emergency clinicians across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Respondents were asked to identify which investigations were high risk for unwarranted variation and/or low value.

RESULTS: There were 184 responses (75 doctors, 82 nurses, and 27 other) analysed. Investigations identified included D-dimer (42%), venous blood gas (VBG) (39%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (35%), and plain x-rays of the abdomen (35%). Compared to nursing staff, medical staff perceived CRP (51% vs. 24%), urine drug screening (55% vs. 21%), clotting profile (48% vs. 24%), salicylate level (29% vs. 7%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (41% vs. 10%), and abdominal x-ray (67% vs. 16%) at higher risk. D-dimer and VBG were seen to be high risk by both groups. Routinely ordered tests (e.g., full blood examination) were considered relatively low risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Several commonly used investigations are perceived to be at high risk of unwarranted variation or low-value care. These risks are perceived differently by different groups of emergency clinicians. Potential future directions include understanding the reasons for variation and efforts to reduce variation, including audit and feedback.

PMID:40735798 | DOI:10.1111/1742-6723.70108

J Integr Complement Med. 2025 Jul 30. doi: 10.1177/27683605251362035. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Nonpharmacologic interventions have known benefits for managing chronic pain, particularly for conditions such as fibromyalgia, and are included in clinical guidelines. However, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has not been established as a routine clinical practice for pain management. Objective: To systematically review the efficacy of EMDR for managing chronic pain. Methods: A search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies by using the keywords “EMDR” and “chronic pain.” Information was collected on the study population, EMDR protocol, methods for pain assessment, and outcomes. Risk of bias was evaluated, and intervention effect sizes were determined by calculating Hedges g values for long-term follow-up data in RCTs. Results: A total of nine studies, including seven RCTs, were reviewed. The studies used various diverse pain measurement tools and EMDR protocols. All reported significant improvements in pain symptoms with EMDR. Most of the studies reported statistically significant improvements in associated mental health issues, notably in psychological distress (four out of four studies), anxiety (three out of three studies), and depression (three out of four studies). Effect sizes varied among the studies, with three RCTs reporting large effects, two RCTs reporting moderate effects, and one RCT reporting small or nonsignificant effects. Conclusion: EMDR shows promise for managing chronic pain and addressing associated mental health symptoms. Despite study differences and limitations, the findings of this systematic review support the potential use of EMDR for chronic pain management.

PMID:40735790 | DOI:10.1177/27683605251362035

Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2025 Jul 30. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a001035. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Changes in the Psychiatric Prevalence and Stress Level Among Clients of Residential Youth Care Centers in Switzerland? An Evaluation of the Routine Diagnostics of a Swiss Youth Home Abstract: Objective: The sharp rise in inpatient admissions of adolescents poses a challenge for both psychiatric care and policymakers. Residential facilities within the youth welfare system are becoming increasingly burdened at the care interfaces. However, we cannot determine the extent of the problem because of the broad lack of studies on the prevalence of mental disorders and their severity in residential youth homes – especially in light of the lack of long-term studies of their presumed increase. An analysis of data from the Burghof Pestalozzi-Jugendstätte – an institution of the youth welfare system in German-speaking Switzerland providing comprehensive psychiatric and psychological care – should result in better information. Method: We analyzed the frequency of ICD-10 diagnosis categories, the global psychosocial functioning level according to MAS Axis VI, a so-called dissocialization index, and other variables statistically using systematically documented retrospective data on all 448 admissions between 2008 and 2022. Results: The prevalence of mental disorders was very high at 80-90 %. It was both cumulatively comorbid, with a shift from mainly externalizing to increasingly internalizing symptoms, a deterioration in the level of psychosocial functioning and performance on socialization pathways, and a decrease in age at admission. Conclusions: Increasing the pressure to address the psychiatric care needs of young people is becoming more and more noticeable in residential youth care facilities, which are confronted with a growing responsibility for psychiatric care tasks. Because the demands on social and vocational integration remain unchanged, these facilities must be able to respond by increasing both their effectiveness and their capacity.

PMID:40735768 | DOI:10.1024/1422-4917/a001035

Indian J Nucl Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;40(2):62-66. doi: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_142_24. Epub 2025 Jun 27.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and CT performance in guiding percutaneous biopsies with histologic confirmation of lung lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 50 patients, of whom 25 underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy and 25 underwent CT-guided biopsy. The pathology results, diagnostic performance, procedure duration, and complications in the two groups were evaluated.

RESULTS: Of the 25 biopsies with PET/CT guidance, histology demonstrated a mean diagnostic accuracy of 97.62%. In the CT-guided group, the mean diagnostic accuracy was 85%. The t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.00001).

CONCLUSION: PET/CT-guided biopsy of lung lesions led to fewer inconclusive biopsies than CT-guided biopsy, with similar complication rates. This study highlights that PET-CT-guided lung biopsies, especially when robot-assisted, provide superior diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, PET-CT-guided biopsies exhibit a high sensitivity and low complication rates, making them a reliable and safe option for biopsy procedures. However, limitations related to study design, procedural learning curves, and radiation exposure should be carefully considered.

PMID:40735763 | PMC:PMC12303205 | DOI:10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_142_24

Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jul 25;20:9369-9387. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S525646. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to synthesize bioactive dental adhesives using Camellia sinensis (green tea) extracts (GTE) incorporated into innovative semipermeable nanocapsules as active ingredient to stabilize the bond to human dentin.

METHODS: Nanocapsules and all components of the experimental adhesives were synthesized individually, and the success of the synthesis was verified. Experimental adhesives with varying GTE levels and the current gold-standard adhesive were tested for shear bond strength (SBS) after 24-hours and 6-month aging. Bond morphology was characterized by SEM, nano-IR imaging, and fractography. The composition of the nanocapsules was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid-chromatography. Phenol release was evaluated using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney-U, multiple t-tests, and Weibull analysis.

RESULTS: The incorporation and release of polyphenols from the experimental adhesives is confirmed. A similar or slightly higher SBS was measured in the control adhesive. Aging does not have a significant impact on SBS, but the bonding reliability of the experimental adhesives remained stable over time, while the reliability of the gold-standard adhesive experienced a decline.

CONCLUSION: The integration of GTE-nanocapsules into an experimental adhesive proved to be a promising concept for maintaining bond strength and reliability during aging. In addition, the used combination of vibrational spectroscopy and high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy proved to be helpful in closing a nano-analytical diagnostic gap in the molecular spectroscopy of dental nanomaterials.

PMID:40735745 | PMC:PMC12306576 | DOI:10.2147/IJN.S525646

One Health. 2025 Jul 17;21:101145. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101145. eCollection 2025 Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages continue to evolve, driving recurrent infection waves since 2022 through immune escape in populations with diverse immunological histories. Understanding cross-variant neutralization capacity, especially against emerging variants like JN.1, is critical for optimizing protection strategies.

METHODS: We conducted genomic surveillance in Jiangsu Province (December 2022-February 2024) to identify circulating variants and stratified 150 participants into six cohorts based on immune histories (BA.5/XBB breakthrough infections, JN.1 infections, and sequential exposures). Pseudovirus neutralization assays were employed to evaluate serum responses against ancestral (WT), early Omicron (BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1), recombinant (XBB/XBB.1.5/XBB.1.22/EG.5.1), and JN.1 variants.

RESULTS: Sera from BA.5/XBB breakthrough infections showed significantly reduced neutralization against JN.1 and EG.5.1 (vs. WT). In contrast, recent JN.1 infection induced broad-spectrum neutralization, with cross-protection comparable across variants. Sequential Omicron exposures (e.g., BA.5 → JN.1/XBB) enhanced cross-neutralization versus single infections, notably generating potent, broad antibodies even during acute phases-a previously unreported finding.

CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous immune backgrounds necessitate vigilant monitoring of emerging variants, and sequential Omicron exposures confer robust cross-protection that can guide vaccine design and long-term public health strategies-all within a One Health framework that integrates human serosurveillance with animal and environmental monitoring to preempt cross-species transmission and future zoonotic spillover.

PMID:40735742 | PMC:PMC12305720 | DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101145

Ophthalmol Sci. 2025 Jun 19;5(6):100860. doi: 10.1016/j.xops.2025.100860. eCollection 2025 Nov-Dec.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate age-related changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) and investigate its relationship with other ocular parameters in community-dwelling Japanese adults through an 8-year longitudinal analysis.

DESIGN: A population-based, prospective longitudinal cohort study with baseline measurements from 1997 to 2000 and follow-up from 2006 to 2008.

SUBJECTS: A total of 631 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 40 to 79 years (mean age: 55.7 ± 9.7 years) were enrolled from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. We excluded participants with corneal pathologies, contact lens use, glaucoma medication, or missing endothelial cell density measurements.

METHODS: Central corneal thickness was measured using calibrated specular microscopy (SP-2000; Topcon Corporation) at 2 time points approximately 8 years apart. Secondary measurements included corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation in cell size, and corneal curvature. Mixed-effects models analyzed CCT changes, adjusting for sex, season, corneal endothelial cell density, and systemic health factors.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-related changes in CCT, annual rate of CCT change across different age decades, and correlations between CCT changes and ocular/systemic parameters.

RESULTS: At baseline, adjusted CCT measurements were 520.2 ± 2.1 (standard error [SE]) μm, 514.1 ± 2.2 μm, 518.0 ± 2.5 μm, and 514.7 ± 3.7 μm for participants in their 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s, respectively. Longitudinal analysis revealed a significant increase in CCT over time across all age groups (β = 0.7; SE = 0.1; P < 0.001). The annual CCT increase showed age-dependent slowing: 0.68 ± 0.08 μm for 40s, 0.62 ± 0.08 μm for 50s, 0.46 ± 0.09 μm for 60s, and 0.20 ± 0.14 μm for 70s with a statistically significant difference between 40s and 70s groups (β = -0.5; SE = 0.2′ P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal analysis demonstrates that CCT increases over time in all age groups, with the rate of increase significantly slowing in older age groups. These findings contrast with previous cross-sectional studies suggesting CCT decreases with age, emphasizing the importance of longitudinal observations. These results have important implications for glaucoma diagnosis and refractive surgery safety evaluations in aging populations.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

PMID:40735738 | PMC:PMC12304667 | DOI:10.1016/j.xops.2025.100860

Sage Open Pediatr. 2025 Jul 28;12:30502225251357145. doi: 10.1177/30502225251357145. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune disease that affects children.

OBJECTIVES: The meta-analysis aimed to establish pooled prevalence values and heterogeneity in the prevalence values.

METHODS: The study’s published articles were searched using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science.

RESULTS: The pooled total sample size was 386, 875 and the mean (SD) of the pooled sample size was 15 475 ± 24 765.988 at 95% intervals. The analysis revealed an estimated overall prevalence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in Africa of 1% under both the common and random effects models. The between-study variance (τ²) was 2.5043, and the I² statistics- representing the percentage of total variability attributable to heterogeneity was extremely high at 98.2%.

CONCLUSION: There is a clear statistical difference in prevalence rates and a high degree of heterogeneity in individual studies.

PMID:40735677 | PMC:PMC12304603 | DOI:10.1177/30502225251357145