Tag: nevin manimala

Syst Rev. 2025 Jan 28;14(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13643-025-02768-5.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are devastating, thus imposing a negative impact on the appearance of an individual as well as vital activities such as eating, swallowing, speaking, and breathing. Therefore, HNC patients undergo distress, while their caregivers become overburdened. Religion and spirituality can be helpful for patients and their caregivers from diverse cultural backgrounds to cope with cancer. Though well established in palliative care, religion and spirituality are rarely incorporated into usual early oncological care. Despite the availability of heterogeneous literature examining the influence of religion and spirituality on cancer patients, there is notably limited research on this topic across the HNC trajectory. Therefore, this scoping review attempts to answer “What is the influence of religion or spirituality on HNC patients and their caregivers in different contexts?” and will map the evidence on the influence of religion and spirituality on HNC patients and their caregivers in different contexts including geographical areas, cultures, health care systems, and different study settings.

METHODS: This scoping review was formulated using the guidelines of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual for evidence synthesis: scoping reviews and will be reported confirming to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR checklist). A comprehensive search strategy will include Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and APA PsycINFO. The OPENGREU.EU and Google Scholar will be used as gray literature sources complimented by manual searches. Our eligibility criteria follow the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework. Patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with HNC and their informal, nonpaid caregivers aged > 18 years will be included. The data will be extracted using piloted data extraction form on sociodemographic, disease-related, and treatment-related factors and outcomes, and the data will be analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results will be narratively synthesized.

CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION: This review will aim to explore existing literature and summarize the findings of studies that examine the influence of religion and spirituality among HNC patients and their caregivers and vice versa over a range of physical, psychological, and social outcomes including quality of life. We also aim to identify existing research gaps. The findings of this review would generate evidence to better inform health care providers in countries and cultures in the management of patients diagnosed with HNC in usual oncological care with due consideration to caregivers.

PMID:39875944 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-025-02768-5

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Jan 28;51(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01859-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Severe pulmonary infection is the primary cause of death in children aged < 5 years. The early identification of pathogenic bacteria and targeted anti-infective therapies can significantly improve the prognosis of children with severe infections. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics at an early stage in children with severe pulmonary infections.

METHODS: A retrospective, single-center longitudinal study included children with severe pulmonary infections between January 2017 and December 2022 by obtaining their bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

RESULTS: This study included 4080 samples. The age of onset for severe pulmonary infection increased annually. The proportion of severe pulmonary infections across the different age groups and years was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among children with severe pulmonary infections, bacilli were the most prevalent, followed by cocci and fungi. The predominant bacilli were Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The predominant cocci identified in this study were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The primary fungi included Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, which showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The incidence of drug-resistant bacteria has gradually declined, with infection rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases consistently decreasing annually. For carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the infection rates peaked in 2018, with statistical significance (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Severe pulmonary infections in children are significantly associated with age and types of infectious pathogens. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary cause of severe pulmonary infections in children. Clinicians should rationally use antibiotics according to the local distribution and drug resistance of pathogens, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

PMID:39875941 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01859-2

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 28;25(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05499-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish a three-dimensional finite element (FE) hydraulic pressure technique model and compare the biomechanical characteristics of the osteotome technique and the hydraulic pressure technique using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).

METHODS: Three FE models were created: the hydraulic pressure technique (M1), the osteotome technique with a Ø 1.6-mm osteotome (M2), and the osteotome technique with a Ø 3.0-mm osteotome (M3) models. Three models were simulated via computer-aided design software, with the sinus membrane elevated to 1, 3 and 5 mm, after which the required loading force was recorded. Stress distribution, including the equivalent von Mises stress, tensile stress, compressive stress, shear stress, as well as strain (i.e., sinus membrane displacement in horizontal dimensions) of the three models were subsequently examined and statistically compared.

RESULTS: Overall, the required loading force, stress and strain increased as the elevation height increased. The loading force required to elevate the sinus membrane to 1,3 and 5 mm in M1 was 24.9 kPa, 77.1 kPa and 130 kPa, comparing 32.5 kPa, 112. 9 kPa and 200.8 kPa in M2 as well as 54.5 kPa, 160.6 kPa and 273.2 kPa in M3. Under the same elevation height, M1 exhibited the least von Mises stress (P<0.001), as well as the largest horizontal sinus membrane displacement (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: It can be seen from the FEA results that the hydraulic pressure technique enables a greater portion of the sinus membrane to detach from the sinus floor while exerting less stress on the mucosa when the sinus membrane is elevated up to 5 mm. Based on this study, the hydraulic pressure technique was found to be safer and more effective than the osteotome technique under the same elevation height.

PMID:39875935 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-05499-0

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Jan 29;51(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01843-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex disease that negatively impacts the social and academic/occupational activities of children and is more common in boys than in girls.

METHODS: This case-control study aimed to assess the association between some environmental risk factors and ADHD among children in Alexandria, Egypt. It was carried out at the outpatient clinics of El Shatby Pediatric University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt, with 252 children (126 cases and 126 controls). Hair samples were collected for analysis of lead and manganese levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A pre-designed interview questionnaire was used to determine the important environmental risk factors that may be related to ADHD.

RESULTS: Children from parents with low levels of education, living in crowded houses, and occupational exposure to chemical agents were found to be risk factors for ADHD. The mean ± SD hair lead level in ADHD children was 2.58 ± 1.95, while in controls was 1.87 ± 0.92, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean ± SD hair manganese level in ADHD children was 2.10 ± 1.54, while in controls was 1.11 ± 0.69, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The logistic regression model revealed that six factors had a significant association with ADHD: using of newspapers to wrap food 3 or more times a week (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 105.11, 95% CI: 11.18-988.26), daily TV watching by child for more than 5 h (AOR = 63.96, 95% CI: 2.56-1601.32), child’s eating commercially packed noodles 3 times or more per week (AOR = 57.73, 95% CI: 3.77-593.93), using unpackaged flour in cooking (AOR = 44.47, 95% CI: 1.83-629.80), eating sweets daily by child (AOR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.23-37.94), and lastly elevated hair Manganese level (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.24-10.29).

CONCLUSIONS: ADHD is a multi-factorial disorder, where many environmental risk factors contribute to its development. Future efforts to determine the best preventive strategy in Egypt must be based on a better knowledge of the role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of the disorder. Eliminating non-essential uses of lead and providing public education regarding the importance of safe disposal of lead-acid batteries and computers are necessary.

PMID:39875928 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01843-w

BMC Pediatr. 2025 Jan 28;25(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05431-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early and continuous exposure to painful stimuli in premature infants leads to short-and long-term complications. Listening to white noise is an accessible and inexpensive non-invasive method that can be used as a safe nursing intervention in hospitals. This study aimed to assess white noise’s effect on premature Infants’ physiological parameters during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion.

METHODS: The present experimental study was conducted on 40 premature Infants. From 5 min before Indwelling catheters to 10 min after, white noise was played through headphones to infants at a controlled volume in the test group. Using a monitor, physiological parameters were recorded from 10 min before to 30 min after the Indwelling catheter. Statistical analysis was done through the SPSS version 27 software program.

RESULTS: Regarding respiratory rate, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the first, second, and sixth stages (p < 0.05). However, in the third, fourth, and fifth stages, RR in the control group was significantly higher than the test group (p ≤ 0.05). In terms of mean arterial blood pressure, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of the stages (p < 0.05). In terms of heart rate, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the first, second, and sixth stages (p < 0.05). However, in the third, fourth, and fifth stages, HR in the control group was significantly higher than the test group (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding oxygen saturation percentage, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the first, second, third, and sixth stages (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the fourth and fifth stages, the oxygen saturation percentage in the test group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Although in both groups the painful procedure led to an increase in physiological variables (respiratory rate, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure) and a decrease in blood oxygen saturation, in the test group these variables approached their initial state more quickly within half an hour after exposure to white noise. This confirms that the effect of white noise on the improvement of physiological variables is gradual.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:39875927 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-025-05431-z

Lipids Health Dis. 2025 Jan 28;24(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12944-025-02439-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) is a recently identified index for evaluating visceral fat, also referred to as abdominal obesity. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) serves as a critical measure for assessing muscle mass and sarcopenia. Both obesity and the reduction of muscle mass can significantly affect human health. However, research exploring the relationship between METS-VF and SMI remains limited. This study aims to investigate whether a association exists between these two indices, and if so, to elucidate the nature of their interactions.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the NHANES database, focusing on U.S. adults aged 20 years and older from 2013 to 2018. Controlling for relevant covariables, we primarily investigated the association between METS-VF and SMI values utilizing weighted multivariable linear regression models. Additionally, we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of METS-VF for sarcopenia.

RESULTS: A total of 3,594 participants were included in this study for analysis. The final adjusted model from the weighted multivariable linear regression indicated that METS-VF was negatively associated with SMI, with a coefficient of β = -0.13 (95% CI: -0.14, -0.12; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that this negative association was consistent across different populations. Notably, the negative association varied significantly between diabetic and nondiabetic population, as well as among populations classified by different BMI categories. Additionally, threshold effect analysis identified a significant inflection knot at 6.33. The characteristic curves of the subjects’ work illustrated that, compared to other indicators, METS-VF exhibited excellent diagnostic efficacy for sarcopenia, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825.

CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that METS-VF is negatively correlated with SMI among adults in the United States, suggesting that visceral obesity exerts a detrimental effect on muscle mass. Furthermore, METS-VF shows potential as a valuable indicator for assessing SMI and sarcopenia. These findings underscore the importance of considering lipid metabolism disorders in the context of muscle health and highlight the potential for developing prevention strategies for sarcopenia.

PMID:39875924 | DOI:10.1186/s12944-025-02439-3

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 28;25(1):357. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21613-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s economy has experienced rapid growth, resulting in a steady improvement in its citizens’ living standards. However, alongside the emergence of modern civilization-related health issues, the overall physical fitness of the population has been declining. In the final year of 2019, a global COVID-19 pandemic emerged and persisted for three years, causing a significant diminution in human physical well-being. This article aims to delve into the changes in the physical fitness of college students over the past decade and anticipates future trends.

METHODS: A total of 58,472 university students aged 16-23 from 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui province were recruited for this study. Total ten physical fitness indicators were tested: body height, body weight, vital capacity, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 50-m dash, 1000 m run and pull-up (for boys), and 800 m run and sit-ups (for girls).The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, LSD tests, and Pearson’s correlations.

RESULTS: The overall physical fitness scores of college students ranged from 68.71 (2023) to 71.13 (2019) during the last decade, with girls consistently demonstrating superior performance in physical tests. There was a statistically significant difference in physical fitness scores between the periods of 2015-2022 and 2023 (p < 0.05). When dividing the total physical fitness scores into four levels, a noteworthy downward trend was observed in the pass grade, while the other three grades exhibited an increasing trend year by year. Compared to the year of 2019, there has been a substantial decline in the physical fitness levels of college students, along with a notable uptick of “failed” candidates, in the year of 2020.In terms of individual physical fitness, boys outperformed girls in all physical testing items except for sit-and-reach, and significant differences were observed in most years for both boys and girls. Additionally, a consistent downward trend was observed in the proportion of underweight and normal weight students, while the proportion of overweight (increased by 2.1 times) and obese (increased by 4.4 times) students showed a marked upward trend from 2014 to 2023.

CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative to allocate special focus to the profound ramifications of the three-year COVIE-19 pandemic on the physical well-being of college students. In 2024, it is anticipated that the proportion of overweight and obese college students will increase, along with a continued increase in body height and vital capacity. However, there will be a notable increase in the time taken to complete the 50-meter dash and the 1000-meter/800-meter run. Conversely, a decline is forecasted for the performance in standing long jump, sit-and-reach, and pull-ups/sit-ups exercises, with an accelerating rate of deterioration. It is crucial to promptly identify the underlying reasons for the deteriorating physical fitness among college students, particularly in relation to obesity, and to implement effective measures promptly to address this issue.

PMID:39875921 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21613-x

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2025 Jan 17;102:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2025.01.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The incidence of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is rising globally, significantly burdening healthcare resources. Treatment options include medical treatment, non-invasive procedures, and surgery, each associated with their distinct benefits and risks. With advanced treatment, the procedures become increasingly invasive for the patients and expensive for the society. This nationwide cohort study examined the current surgical treatment trends for KC, including factors influencing the likelihood of undergoing reconstructive surgery. We retrieved data on all first-time incidences of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that were treated at a Danish hospital in the calendar years 2007-2021, corresponding to 34,205 patients with BCC and 17,625 patients with SCC. Descriptive statistics were used to study the development of reconstructive surgery, and the associations between demographic factors, tumor-related factors, and comorbidity, and the use of reconstructive procedures were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Among the patients, 26% with BCC and 35% with SCC received reconstructive surgery as part of their surgical treatment. The volume of surgical treatment increased with time, but the proportion of reconstructive procedures for surgically treated KC decreased in the study period. The likelihood of undergoing reconstructive surgery was higher for men and increased with age. Patients with BCC and high comorbidity burden or those who stayed in assisted living facilities were less likely to undergo reconstructive surgery. This was not the case for patients with SCC. The rapid increase in surgical treatment for KC at Danish hospitals, with a notable increase in reconstructive procedures, reflects the global development in KC cases and highlights the continued need for tailored management strategies.

PMID:39874622 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2025.01.012

Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2025 Jan 28. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-111523-121252. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world, second only to water. Six main types of teas are produced globally: green, white, black, oolong, yellow, and Pu-erh. Each type has a distinctive taste, quality, and cultural significance. The health-promoting effects of tea are attributed to the complex metabolite compositions present in tea leaves. These metabolite compositions vary in response to different factors. In addition to manufacturing processes in processed tea, the primary factors influencing variations of fresh tea leaf metabolites include genetics, cultivation management, and environmental conditions. Metabolomics approaches, coupled with high-throughput statistical analysis, offer promising tools for the comprehensive identification and characterization of tea leaf metabolites according to growing conditions, cultivation practices, manufacturing processes, seasonality, climate, cultivars, and geography. This review highlights the distinctive variations in fresh tea leaf metabolites, which change in response to various factors, using a metabolomics approach, which are also extended to various processed teas.

PMID:39874609 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-food-111523-121252

ACS Sens. 2025 Jan 28. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03209. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract, making their identification crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and disease management. We present a label-free diagnostic platform integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with deep learning for rapid, quantitative detection of respiratory virus coinfections. Using sensitive silica-coated silver nanorod array substrates, over 1.2 million SERS spectra are collected from 11 viruses, nine two-virus mixtures, and four three-virus mixtures at various concentrations in saliva. A deep learning model, MultiplexCR, is developed to simultaneously predict virus species and concentrations from SERS spectra. It achieves an impressive 98.6% accuracy in classifying virus coinfections and a mean absolute error of 0.028 for concentration regression. In blind tests, the model demonstrates consistent high accuracy and precise concentration predictions. This SERS-MultiplexCR platform completes the entire detection process in just 15 min, offering significant potential for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics in infection detection, as well as applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.

PMID:39874586 | DOI:10.1021/acssensors.4c03209