Tag: nevin manimala

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42569. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042569.

ABSTRACT

The maxillofacial region consists of soft and hard tissues that form the face and extend from the frontal bone superiorly to the mandible inferiorly. Because the face is the most exposed part of the body, it is especially vulnerable to trauma. Trauma to the maxillofacial regions is a major public health problem worldwide. Nearly 5% to 10% of trauma patients have facial fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures among patients who visited Jimma Medical Center (JMC) dental clinic, Southwest Ethiopia. Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 331 patients (279 males and 52 females with a mean age of 26.23 ± 13.51 years) with maxillofacial fractures who visited JMC dental clinic from January 2018 to December 2020. To collect data first charts of the patients were found using their medical record numbers. Then information like socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of fractures, and causes of fractures, was collected using a structured and pretested checklist from the chart. Data was entered into the Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done and presented by the use of tables, bar graphs and pie chart. The leading cause of fracture was road traffic accidents (45%), followed by assault (33.2%) and accidental fall (11.8%). Head (51.6%) injuries were the most common associated injuries. Surgical site infection (52.2%) was the most common posttreatment complication. The study’s findings can be used to guide public health activities, healthcare professional training, and resource allocation in Ethiopia in order to enhance maxillofacial fracture prevention, management, and outcomes.

PMID:40489882 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042569

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42658. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042658.

ABSTRACT

The genetic prediction of the causal relationship between enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study that used published data from genome-wide association studies on ICH and PVS. We primarily utilized the inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median and weighted mode method. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO global test and leave-one-out analysis. IVW analysis showed no statistical association between genetically predicted enlargement of hippocampal PVS (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.23-2.35, P = .605), basal ganglia PVS (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.64-3.95, P = .318), or white matter PVS (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.64-3.95, P = .318) with the risk of ICH. The results of MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median, and Weighted Mode methods were consistent with those of the IVW method. The sensitivity analyses did not reveal any pleiotropy or heterogeneity. The leave-one-out plots did not found any single mutation that might influence the results. Our findings indicate that there is no causal relationship between PVS enlargement and the development of ICH at the genetic level. Using PVS as a diagnostic marker might lack specificity, needed for the planning of timely diagnostic procedures in the risk populations.

PMID:40489879 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042658

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42591. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042591.

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a recognized risk factor for VTE in both children and adults. However, the causal relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of VTE in adulthood remains unclear. This study conducted a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study data to explore this association. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method, along with weighted median and MR-Egger approaches, was employed to assess causality, while linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) evaluated genetic correlations. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochran Q statistics, the MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, ensured the robustness of the findings. In the forward MR analysis, the IVW analysis identified a significant causal association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and UBK_VTE (OR: 1.005, 95% CI: 1.000-1.008, P = .002), FinnGen_VTE (OR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.175-1.446, P < .001), FinnGen_pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR: 1.265, 95% CI: 1.079-1.484, P = .004) and FinnGen_deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR: 1.345, 95% CI: 1.145-1.58, P < .001). The results remained consistent across different MR methods, with no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Reverse MR analysis showed that VTE, including PE and DVT, had no causal effect on childhood obesity. LDSC analysis further confirmed significant genetic correlations between childhood BMI and VTE outcomes (FinnGen_VTE [rg = 0.28, P = 2.21 × 10-7], FinnGen_PE [rg = 0.24, P = 8.62 × 10-5], and FinnGen_DVT [rg = 0.27, P = 1.79 × 10-5]). In conclusion, these findings provide genetic evidence that childhood obesity increases the risk of developing VTE in adulthood, emphasizing the need for early prevention and weight management strategies. Further studies are required to explore underlying biological mechanisms and assess the impact of obesity interventions on VTE risk reduction.

PMID:40489873 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042591

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42641. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042641.

ABSTRACT

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an interventional procedure that is often performed under sedation anesthesia and that is used in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of hypnosis in conjunction with sedoanalgesia and sedoanalgesia alone in the context of outpatient anesthesia prior to ERCP. Patients undergoing ERCP in the endoscopy unit between March and May 2021 were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1 received hypnosis and sedoanalgesia, and group 2 received sedoanalgesia alone. Both groups were administered 0.5 to 0.6 mg/kg intravenous pethidine hydrochloride (HCl), 1 to 3 mg intravenous midazolam, and 1 to 2 mg/kg intravenous propofol. The first group also received hypnotic induction before the procedure and anesthetic agents. In the event of patients exhibiting movement during the procedure, an anesthesiologist was unaware of the patient’s allocation and administered additional propofol and/or pethidine HCl. A statistical comparison was conducted between the 2 groups regarding demographic data, vital parameters, medication requirements, and satisfaction scales. Thirty patients were included in both groups. Following the procedure, the administration of propofol and pethidine HCl was reduced in group 1 (P = .031 and P = .009, respectively). The 5-minute heart rate, baseline peripheral oxygen saturation at 3 and 10 minutes were lower in group 2 (P = .008, P = .011, P = .017, and P = .031, respectively). Although the dose of anesthetic drugs were lower, no significant difference was observed neither in the patient satisfaction scores, nor in patient movements. The use of hypnosis during ERCP enhances the efficacy of sedoanalgesia. Hypnotic anesthesia may be employed as an alternative method in cases where high-dose administration of these agents is contraindicated.

PMID:40489869 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042641

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42642. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042642.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between cytokines and oral cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and publicly available datasets, we conducted a bidirectional 2-sample MR analysis. The study design employed single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic instruments to investigate the link between cytokines and oral cancer. The analysis was based on data from 2 cohorts with total 132 cytokines: 41 cytokines from comprehensive GWAS meta-analysis data, 91 cytokines from GWAS summary statistics for circulating inflammatory cytokines. Oral cancer genetic association data was sourced from the FinGen R10 datasets. To discern the causal relationship between cytokines and oral cancer, 5 MR methodologies, including inverse variance weighted and MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were applied. The MR analysis revealed nominal associations between certain cytokines and the risk of oral cancer. Specifically, increased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (odd ratios [OR] = 0.760, 0.600-0.962, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.600-0.962, P = .023), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.32-0.99, P = .046), and TNF related activation induced cytokine (OR = 0.792, 95% CI 0.630-0.994, P = .044) were associated with a reduced risk of oral cancer, while higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (OR = 1.164, 95% CI 1.001-1.353, P = .048) and CC motif chemokine 25 (OR = 1.434, 95% CI 1.106-1.858, P = .006) were linked to an increased risk. The reverse analysis suggested a possible effect of oral cancer on the level of circulating cytokines, particularly Fractalkine (OR = 0.942, 95% CI 0.897-0.990, P = .019). No evidence of heterogeneity or significant pleiotropy was detected, validating the instrumental variables used. The findings support a causal relationship between specific cytokines and the risk of oral cancer, highlighting the complex interplay between inflammatory mediators and cancer development. These results underscore the importance of individualized immune profiling in treating oral cancer patients and pave the way for future research into targeted therapies based on cytokine profiles.

PMID:40489865 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042642

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42449. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042449.

ABSTRACT

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality and healthcare burden, necessitating improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Observational studies suggest that hyperoxemia may improve postoperative sepsis outcomes, but evidence remains limited. This study aims to explore the optimal range of oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) in postsurgical sepsis patients and its impact on prognosis. Clinical data of adult sepsis patients were extracted from the medical information mart for intensive care-IV database. Patients were categorized into control (PaO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg) and hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mm Hg) groups. Primary outcome was 90-day mortality, while secondary outcomes included 1-year mortality, intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital length of stay, and invasive ventilation duration. Restricted cubic spline analysis stratified postsurgical PaO2 into normal (≤128.7 mm Hg), mild hyperoxemia (128.7-162.1 mm Hg), and severe hyperoxemia (≥162.1 mm Hg). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate regression were conducted. Among 1220 patients, hyperoxemia patients were younger, had lower disease severity, and received more aggressive treatment. They had lower rates of acute respiratory failure and acute kidney injury. After cubic spline-based classification, mild hyperoxemia was associated with lower 90-day mortality (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.86, P = .010), while severe hyperoxemia showed no significant effect (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.30-1.20, P = .147). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly improved long-term survival for mild hyperoxemia patients. Mild hyperoxemia in postsurgical sepsis patients is associated with reduced 90-day mortality, suggesting a potential optimal oxygenation range for better outcomes.

PMID:40489846 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042449

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42691. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042691.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the incidence and risk factors associated with the reinsertion of urinary catheters in post-cardiac surgery patients. Conducted at the Cardiac Surgery Ward of a university-affiliated hospital in Nanning, China, from July to December 2021, this cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years and older undergoing cardiac surgery. Excluded were individuals with genitourinary issues, prostate surgery history, urostomy, cognitive impairment, mental illness, chronic indwelling catheter requirements, hemodialysis, or undergoing interventional surgery. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected to perform multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for urinary catheter reinsertion. In our study of 254 cardiac surgery patients, 21 (8.26%) required urinary catheter reinsertion. Notable differences were not seen in age, gender, or body mass index between the reinsertion and no reinsertion groups. However, diabetes was significantly more prevalent in the reinsertion group (19%) compared to the no reinsertion group (3%) (P = .001), with diabetic patients also experiencing longer operative times and older age. The median urinary catheter duration was significantly shorter in the reinsertion group (35.03 hours) versus 60.65 hours for those without reinsertion (P = .034). Early catheter removal within the first postoperative day notably increased reinsertion rates, with 52.4% of early removals requiring reinsertion compared to 23.2% of later removals (P = .003). Multivariable logistic regression highlighted key risk factors: each additional year of age increased reinsertion risk by 3.6% (OR = 1.036, P = .023), and diabetic patients were approximately 8.8 times more likely to require reinsertion (OR = 8.755, P = .004). Early catheter removal was associated with an 8.6-fold increase in reinsertion likelihood (OR = 8.570, P = .001). Our findings emphasize the need for personalized management strategies to prevent urinary catheter reinsertion in cardiac surgery patients, particularly among older individuals, those with diabetes, or whose catheters are removed early post-surgery. These insights are crucial for enhancing postoperative care and minimizing complications associated with urinary catheterization.

PMID:40489845 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042691

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42804. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042804.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management and outcomes of adult cardiac arrest patients by assessing the incidence, patient outcomes, and influence of comorbidities during the pandemic. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical data of 500 patients who experienced cardiac arrest in the Emergency Department of Esenyurt Necmi Kadioğlu State Hospital between September 1, 2018, and August 31, 2024. Patient data were obtained from the hospital’s electronic records and included variables such as age, sex, arrest location, etiology, initial rhythm, intervention time, and outcomes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables, while independent sample t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for continuous data. The incidence of cardiac arrest increased during the pandemic. COVID-19-positive patients had a lower return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates (30%) compared with negative patients (50%) and suspected cases (40%). Mortality was higher in COVID-19-positive patients (70%) and their discharge rates were lower (20%). Ventricular fibrillation as the initial rhythm was associated with better ROSC rates. Comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and heart failure were associated with lower ROSC rates and higher mortality rates. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the number of cardiac arrest cases and worsened patient outcomes. Comorbidities significantly affected the prognosis. Future preparedness should focus on reducing intervention time, optimizing resource management, and implementing targeted care plans for high-risk patient groups.

PMID:40489834 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042804

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e41997. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041997.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate risk factors for readmission within 6 months after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to develop a multifactorial predictive model. A total of 151 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to December 2023, were included in this retrospective analysis. Data on baseline characteristics, medical history, lung function, lifestyle, comorbidities, inflammatory markers, and treatment adherence were obtained from electronic medical records to identify risk factors associated with readmission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors, construct a predictive model, and assess its predictive efficacy using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Patients in the readmission group were older (69.8 ± 9.5 years vs 65.2 ± 8.4 years, P = .048), had a higher proportion of males (76.4% vs 59.5%, P = .032), higher body mass index (25.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 23.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, P = .018), more frequent exacerbations (3.2 ± 1.0 episodes vs 1.5 ± 0.8 episodes, P = .009), longer disease duration (12.1 ± 7.3 years vs 8.4 ± 5.7 years, P = .043), and higher GOLD classification (70% in stages III-IV vs 50%, P = .043) and BODE index (5.1 ± 1.4 vs 3.8 ± 1.2, P = .022). Additionally, they had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities (55.6% vs 31.6%, P = .015), lower FEV1 levels (45.3 ± 10.1% vs 52.7 ± 8.5%, P = .033), higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (15.2 ± 6.5 mg/L vs 10.4 ± 4.9 mg/L, P = .005), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (32.5 ± 10.4 ppb vs 26.7 ± 8.9 ppb, P = .03), and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) (40.1 ± 6.3 mm Hg vs 36.2 ± 5.7 mm Hg, P = .028), all of which were significant independent risk factors for readmission. The area under the ROC curve for the multivariate regression model was 0.801, indicating good predictive efficacy. This study evaluates multiple factors affecting readmission risk after acute exacerbation of COPD, highlighting the importance of early identification of high-risk patients and constructing an effective predictive model. Further large-sample, multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings and explore personalized interventions to reduce readmission rates and improve the quality of life for COPD patients.

PMID:40489832 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000041997

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42639. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042639.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the characteristics of baseline data and the correlation between autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) from Southwest China. A total of 346 patients diagnosed with SSc between 2021 and 2023 were included. Clinical data and laboratory data were collected to analyze the relationship between autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes. The prevalence of hypertension and osteoporosis in female patients with SSc was significantly higher than that in male patients. Anti-Scl-70 antibody was positively correlated with Raynaud phenomenon, facial or acral swelling and interstitial lung disease. Anti-Ro52 antibody is positively correlated with pulmonary hypertension. Anti-Scl-70, anti-U1-nrNP, anti-SSA, and anti-Ro52 were associated with overlap syndrome of SSc and systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-SSA and anti-Ro52 are associated with overlap syndrome of SSc and Sjogren syndrome. Anti-Scl-70 was found to be statistically different in platelet count (PLT), C3, C4, albumin, and C-reactive protein, as was anti-U1-nRNP in hemoglobin, immunoglobulin G, C3, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, as was anti-SSA in hemoglobin, immunoglobulin G and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as was anti-ro52 in white blood cell count (WBC) and IgG, and anti-CENP B in PLT. Our study showed that autoantibodies anti-Scl-70 and anti-Ro52 in SSc patients were associated with the clinical phenotypes of Raynaud phenomenon, facial or acral swelling, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension.

PMID:40489831 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042639