Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jul 23;25(1):1100. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07485-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pelvic Anatomy is an integral part of the educational objectives in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residency. As a surgical subspecialty, mastering pelvic anatomy is imperative in performing successful surgical procedures, reducing surgical complications, and improving surgical outcomes. The objective of this study was to conduct a national survey to examine the OBGYN resident perspective on their residency’s pelvic anatomy curriculum.

METHODS: After Institutional Review Board at the Mount Sinai Hospital approval, an 18-question survey was distributed to all 241 ACGME program coordinators to distribute to their residents. The survey was circulated electronically using SurveyMonkey tool and on four different dates including: 11/18/2021, 2/24/2022, 4/11/22, and 5/2/22. All demographic information, training environment and perspective on pelvic anatomy was collected anonymous through the survey. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS 2.0.

RESULTS: Out of 241 programs, we received responses from 28 programs with a total of 582 possible residents in their respective programs. A total of 180 residents responded to our survey which is a 31.0% response rate. Out of all the residents, 46 (25.84%) were PGY1, 40 (22.47%) were PGY2, 43 (24.16%) were PGY3 and 49 (27.53%) were PGY4. The majority of residents, 172 (95.5%), were between the ages 25-34, and 155 (86.1%) identified as female. The majority, 125 (69.4%), of residency programs were considered academic and 99 (55.0%) of the respondents considered the location of their residency as urban. All ACOG districts were represented in our survey. Throughout their residency training, 104 (58.10%) residents experienced formal education on pelvic anatomy in their residency and 75 (41.90%) did not. In terms of surgical curriculum, 138 (77.53%) participated in a formal surgical simulation curriculum and 40 (22.47%) did not. There were 159 (88.83%) who had protected lecture time that focused on pelvic surgical anatomy, but only 100 (62.9%) residents felt that these lectures were helpful for their education. When residents were asked if they felt that their OBGYN program should have formal time in an anatomy lab from a scale of 1-10, the average answer was 7.5. When the residents were asked if they felt that formal training in anatomy lab would help them become a better surgeon, the average answer was 9.0. For our primary outcome, when ranking their own program from a scale of 1-10, residents felt that their program trained them in all aspects of OBGYN on average of an 8. On multivariable analysis, residents who had formal education on pelvic anatomy as well as those residents who had a surgical simulation curriculum as part of their OBGYN residency felt that their residency program was more likely to adequately train them in all aspects of OBGYN (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic anatomy education is an important topic for residents during their OBGYN training. Only 60% of programs have a formal pelvic anatomy curriculum and 89% had formal lectures on pelvic anatomy, with majority of residents finding pelvic anatomy lectures to be unhelpful for their education. Residency programs should consider adding hands-on, formal anatomy education to their curriculum to adequately train their residents in the field of OBGYN.

PMID:40702535 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07485-0

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 23;13(1):821. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03173-2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the mediating role of sport commitment in the relationships between basic psychological needs, exercise motivation, social support, and college students’ sports participation, providing both theoretical and practical empirical support for enhancing sports participation among college students.

METHODS: This study employed a random sampling method to conduct an online survey with 653 students from three universities in Anhui province, assessing the factors that influence their sports participation. The questionnaire included the Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale, Sports Motivation Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Sport Commitment Scale, and Sports Participation Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 27 software and Model 4 in the PROCESS 4.0 plugin to explore the mediating role of sport commitment in the relationships between basic psychological needs, exercise motivation, social support, and sports participation.

RESULTS: Basic psychological needs, exercise motivation, and social support all significantly and positively influence sports participation, and indirectly promote the level of sports participation among college students by enhancing their sport commitment.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals the positive impact of basic psychological needs, exercise motivation, and social support on college students’ sports participation and clarifies the mediating role of sport commitment in this process. The findings suggest that enhancing sport commitment can effectively increase college students’ level of sports participation. Therefore, universities should focus on fulfilling students’ basic psychological needs, stimulating exercise motivation, and providing social support to strengthen their sport commitment, thereby promoting sports participation.

PMID:40702522 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03173-2

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jul 23;44(1):264. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00873-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a global public health problem characterised by the inability of individuals and households to regularly access sufficient, safe and nutritious food. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in the adult population.

METHODS: A total of 536 individuals (357 females, 179 males) with an average age of 30.1 ± 10.2 years were involved. Questionnaire consisted of two sections including socio-demographic characteristics and FIES. For the adaptation of the scale to Turkish, the translation-back translation method was employed, involving expert translators for both English-to-Turkish and Turkish-to-English translations. The validation process included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the model fit. Data were analyzed using fit indices, descriptive statistics, and CFA for model validation.

RESULTS: The Cronbach’s alpha for the FIES was 0.85, indicating good reliability. In the fit index results, excellent fit was obtained for all indices ​​except the SRMR value, which showed a good fit. The outcomes of the excellence of fit indices were as follows: CMIN/df = 1.261, AFGI = 0.985, GFI = 0.991, IFI = 0.995, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.031, SRMR = 0.069.

CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Turkish version of FIES has structural validity and reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity and reliability in assessing food insecurity in Turkish adult population. The strong psychometric properties of the scale suggest that it can be used in research and policy development processes related to food insecurity. Future studies can further strengthen the findings by evaluating the applicability of the FIES across different socioeconomic groups.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40702520 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00873-8

BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Jul 23;25(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-02007-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remains a growing global health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and both the presence and severity of DR. Special attention was given to the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), a novel composite index of immune response, whose association with DR remains underexplored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 310 patients with T2DM, grouped based on the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale (ICDR): no DR (NDR, n = 100), non-proliferative DR (NPDR, n = 100), and proliferative DR (PDR, n = 110). Clinical and laboratory data-including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (NHR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and PIV-were analyzed. Statistical methods included ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.

RESULTS: PDR patients had significantly elevated NLR (p = 0.005), MLR (p < 0.001), NHR (p = 0.016), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (p < 0.001), and PIV (p = 0.002) levels. In NPDR, PLR (p = 0.012) and SII (p = 0.005) were significantly higher than in the other groups. NLR showed the highest predictive performance in ROC analysis (sensitivity: 84.8%), followed by SII (78.1%), PLR (76.2%), and PIV (53.3%).

CONCLUSION: Among patients with T2DM, inflammatory markers-particularly NLR, PLR, SII, and PIV-suggested potential relevance in identifying DR and its progression. PLR and SII may have utility in the early identification of NPDR, while PIV appears to be a potentially valuable inflammatory marker. These cost-effective and easily accessible indices may contribute to the screening and monitoring of DR in clinical settings.

PMID:40702514 | DOI:10.1186/s12902-025-02007-x

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Jul 23;20(1):696. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06077-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramedullary nails (IMNs) in tibial-talocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) for treating Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN).

METHODS: A comprehensive search for relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and SinoMed databases, covering studies from 2014 to October 30, 2024. The inclusion criteria were based on the PICOS framework: the study population consisted of CN patients, the intervention was TTCA with IMNs, and the outcomes assessed included bone union rate, complication rate, and limb salvage rate. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Literature quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies and case series. This systematic review was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42025644983).

RESULTS: A total of seven studies involving 147 patients with a mean follow-up of one year were included. The meta-analysis revealed a combined standardized mean difference (SMD) of -4.99 (95% CI: -6.70 to -3.28) for the AOFAS score, with high heterogeneity (I2 = 90.7%). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the results. The combined estimate for the bone nonunion rate was 3.3% (95% CI: 0.1% to 8.9%), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 33.2%). The combined estimate for the infection rate was 12.9% (95% CI: 2.0% to 29.2%). A comparison of preoperative and postoperative scores showed significant improvements in patients’ function and quality of life, highlighting the critical role of the TTCA procedure in improving prognosis.

CONCLUSION: IMNs in TTCA demonstrate high efficacy for CN, with significant functional improvement, low nonunion rates, and favorable limb salvage outcomes. However, infection risks and heterogeneity across studies highlight the need for standardized protocols and larger controlled trials to optimize patient selection and postoperative management.

PMID:40702500 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-06077-4

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Jul 23;18(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07392-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the correlation between pre-operative hospital stay, patient characteristics, clinical variables, and the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients undergoing major surgeries at An-Najah National University Hospital in Palestine. The data presented stem from a dedicated retrospective cohort review and are not part of a larger research project.

RESULTS: Out of 200 surgical patients, 7% developed SSIs. Most participants were male (66%), over 50 years old (48%), and underwent elective surgery (88.5%). Significant factors associated with SSIs included smoking, surgical urgency, wound classification, low pre-operative hemoglobin, blood transfusion, type of surgery, hospital stay duration, and use of pre-operative antibiotics. Specifically, smoking was associated with a higher infection risk (p = 0.02), though it only showed borderline significance in multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio 5.49; 95% CI 0.96-31.25; p = 0.06). Wound types and other variables did not retain statistical significance after adjustment. These findings suggest the importance of addressing modifiable factors like smoking and optimizing surgical care pathways to reduce infection risk.

PMID:40702496 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07392-z

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 23;25(1):2533. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23728-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals adopt particular health-related practices according to what is structurally possible for them. Given that many health-related practices and obesity are patterned by socioeconomic position (SEP) and strongly linked with mortality, they may represent mechanisms through which SEP becomes biologically embedded and influences mortality risk. This study quantified whether and to what extent health-related practices (current/former smoking, physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable intake, excess alcohol intake) and obesity mediate associations between SEP and all-cause and cancer mortality in a nationally representative cohort of adults in Canada.

METHODS: This was a prospective, population-based cohort study of adults (≥ 35 years; n = 308,635) who participated in the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey. Data from eight survey cycles (2000/2001-2011) were linked to mortality records in the Canadian Mortality Database (2000-2013). Household income adequacy and educational attainment were used to generate a latent variable representing SEP at baseline. Participants also self-reported smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol intake and BMI at baseline. Generalized Structural Equation Modeling was performed to evaluate pathways linking SEP with all-cause and cancer mortality mediated by health-related practices (current/former smoking, physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable intake, excess alcohol intake) and obesity in males and females.

RESULTS: Health-related practices and obesity did not collectively mediate associations between lower SEP and all-cause or cancer mortality in males or females. However, current/former smoking mediated associations between lower SEP and all-cause (males: HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.12; females: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99) and cancer mortality (males: HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.12; females: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99) in males and females, and physical inactivity mediated associations between lower SEP and all-cause mortality in females (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21). Low fruit and vegetable intake, excess alcohol intake and obesity did not mediate associations between lower SEP and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and physical activity may represent mechanisms through which SEP becomes biologically embedded and shapes the risk of mortality among adults in Canada. However, most of the associations between SEP and mortality remained unexplained; thus, additional studies are needed to understand other pathways of biological embedding.

PMID:40702492 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23728-7

Parasit Vectors. 2025 Jul 23;18(1):293. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06870-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatozoon spp. are apicomplexan parasites with a heteroxenous life cycles, involving vertebrate intermediate hosts and invertebrate definitive hosts. These parasites infect a wide variety of wild and domestic vertebrates causing subclinical infection or mild-to-severe clinical manifestations, depending on the parasite species and vertebrate host. Interestingly, each Hepatozoon spp. have a specific host range, suggesting a close host-parasite coevolutionary relationship.

METHODS: Hepatozoon sequences deposited between 2013 and 2023 were mined from GenBank to test which was the most employed marker for this parasite. We reconstructed the host and parasite phylogenies using 18S rDNA and cytB sequences, respectively. Subsequent analyses were stratified according to host vertebrate orders (Carnivora, Rodentia, and Squamata), and the corresponding sequences of their Hepatozoon parasites. Then, Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny (PACo) and ParaFit were employed to assess their global cophylogenetic relationships. In addition, eMPRess was used to estimate the most probable co-evolutionary events, such as host switch, duplication, sorting, or cospeciation, accounting for the shared evolutionary history of Hepatozoon spp. and their vertebrate hosts.

RESULTS: Global assessments of congruence between phylogenies of carnivore, rodent, and squamate hosts and those of their Hepatozoon parasites were significant (PACo: all m²_XY < 0.655, all P < 0.001; ParaFit: all ParaFitGlobal Statistics < 72.992, all P < 0.007, all Procrustes R² > 0.25), but not for the association between Hepatozoon spp. and invertebrates (PACo m²_XY = 0.632, P < 0.001; ParaFitGlobal Statistic = 8.810, P = 0.124, R² = 0.37). The most significant links occurred between Hepatozoon felis and felid hosts or Hepatozoon canis and canid hosts, but not between Hepatozoon americanum and domestic dogs or coyotes. Moreover, eMPRess showed that the coevolutionary history between Hepatozoon spp. and vertebrate host phylogenies was mainly explained by host switching and less frequently by cospeciation events.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the ability of Hepatozoon spp. associated to certain vertebrate orders to infect those with a close phylogenetic relationship. This in turn helps to understand how hepatozoonosis can emerge in susceptible hosts within specific geographical areas by spillover events.

PMID:40702483 | DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06870-4

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jul 23;25(1):1101. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07691-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Developing critical thinking, research, and presentation skills is essential for healthcare professionals. Structured educational activities, such as Journal Clubs, provide valuable opportunities to enhance these competencies. These skills are particularly important in preparing for future pharmacists and providing them with up-to-date information. This study evaluates the learning outcomes, perceptions, and feedback of undergraduate pharmacy students participating in a Journal Club activity, focusing on differences between 3rd and 5th -year students.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 207 undergraduate pharmacy students from the 3rd and 5th years at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Students were paired, provided with structured guidelines, and tasked with analyzing and presenting research articles. Emphasis was placed on research related to the topics covered in the pharmacology or hospital pharmacy courses the students were taking in that semester. Data was collected via a validated survey covering general experience, learning outcomes, perceptions, and feedback. Statistical analyses included Fisher’s Exact Test, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Cronbach’s alpha, using RStudio (version 2024.9.1.394, Boston, MA, USA) with R version 4.4.2.

RESULTS: A majority (89.4%) reported acquiring new knowledge, and 77.7% noted increased confidence in critically evaluating research. Fifth-year students reported higher critical thinking (58.4% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.031) and presentation skills (72.7% vs. 50.8%, p = 0.002). Strong correlations were observed between learning outcomes and perceptions (R = 0.743, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The Journal Club effectively promoted critical thinking, research, and presentation skills. Differences between academic years highlight the need to adapt activities to student levels.

PMID:40702482 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07691-w

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Jul 23;25(1):971. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12980-7.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction reflects the discrepancy between anticipated and actual healthcare service delivery, serving as a pivotal metric for strategic healthcare decision-making. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the magnitude of patient satisfaction with pharmacy services and its determinants in Ethiopia.

METHODS: A systematic search was performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Hinari, Semantic Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify both published and unpublished relevant studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools and in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 17.

RESULTS: In total, 19 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 were selected for the quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in Ethiopia was 56% (95% CI: 50-62), with significant associations observed with sociodemographic, socioeconomic, provider communication, and healthcare facility-related factors.

CONCLUSION: Approximately 40% of patients expressed dissatisfaction with pharmacy services, underscoring significant systemic deficiencies. To improve healthcare quality, policymakers and healthcare administrators should prioritize the optimization of pharmacy service delivery by implementing evidence-based interventions targeting the key contributing factors identified in this study.

PMID:40702479 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12980-7