Tag: nevin manimala

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021 May 13. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003153. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To advance our understanding of monogenic forms of intrahepatic cholestasis.

METHODS: Analyses included participants with pathogenic biallelic mutations in ABCB11 (bile salt export pump; BSEP) or ATP8B1 (familial intrahepatic cholestasis; FIC1), or those with monoallelic or biallelic mutations in ABCB4 (multidrug resistance; MDR3), prospectively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Causes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis (LOGIC; NCT00571272) between 11/2007-12/2013. Summary statistics were calculated to describe baseline demographics, history, anthropometrics, laboratory values, and mutation data.

RESULTS: Ninety-eight participants with FIC1 (n = 26), BSEP (n = 53, including 8 with biallelic truncating mutations [severe] and 10 with p.E297G or p.D482G [mild]), or MDR3 (n = 19, including 4 monoallelic) deficiency were analyzed. Thirty-five had surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (sEHC), including 10 who underwent liver transplant (LT) after sEHC. Onset of symptoms occurred by age 2 years in most with FIC1 and BSEP deficiency, but was later and more variable for MDR3. Pruritus was nearly universal in FIC1 and BSEP deficiency. In participants with native liver, failure to thrive was common in FIC1 deficiency, high ALT was common in BSEP deficiency, and thrombocytopenia was common in MDR3 deficiency. sEHC was successful after more than 1 year in 7 of 19 participants with FIC1 and BSEP deficiency. History of LT was most common in BSEP deficiency. Of 102 mutations identified, 43 were not previously reported.

CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, BSEP deficiency appears to be correlated with a more severe disease course. Genotype-phenotype correlations in these diseases are not straightforward and will require study of larger cohorts.

An infographic is available for this article at: http://links.lww.com/MPG/C343.

PMID:34016879 | DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000003153

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021 May 11. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003167. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: While the use of telemedicine has accelerated significantly with the recent pandemic, it has also magnified disparities in access to telemedicine. This study aims to look at telemedicine utilization patterns within a large pediatric gastroenterology practice.

METHODS: A retrospective study of ambulatory care visits within Yale-New Haven Hospital’s pediatric gastroenterology practice during the peak expansion of the telemedicine program was conducted. Zip code level socioeconomic data was obtained using the Distressed Community Index (DCI). A multivariate logistic regression to evaluate disparities between the use of video versus telephone visits was computed, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were obtained.

RESULTS: 1273 clinic visits were included in analysis. The majority of patients listed English as their preferred language, had private insurance, and identified as non-Hispanic White. When adjusting for co-variates, having public insurance/Medicaid was associated with decreased odds of having video over telephone visits (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 – 0.80). Those whose primary language was not English continued to have a statistically significant decreased odds of using video visits (Spanish aOR 0.24; 95% CI 0.13 – 0.44; Other aOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12 – 0.72). However, within the adjusted multivariate logistic regression, race/ethnicity and SES were no longer found to have a statistically significant decreased odds of video visits.

CONCLUSIONS: The accelerated implementation of telemedicine within pediatric gastroenterology has given rise to disparities in its use. Further studies are needed to understand these disparities and develop interventions to lessen this gap in usage.

An infographic is available for this article at:http://links.lww.com/MPG/C356.

PMID:34016884 | DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000003167

J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2021 May 19. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000964. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of screen time (ST) and its associated effects, including emotional and behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, and physical activity levels, in children aged 2 to 5 years.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 400 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years in Chandigarh, North India. We used a validated, pretested, semistructured digital-screen exposure and physical activity questionnaire; an abbreviated standard Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire; and a standard Preschool Child Behavior Checklist. We considered ST as excessive if it was more than 1 hour per day as per the American Academy of Pediatrics 2016 guidelines. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 25.0, was used to perform linear regression model analysis and stepwise binary multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS: Approximately 59.5% of children (mean age 3.5 ± 0.9 years) had excessive ST. ST was higher on weekdays (58.5%) compared with the weekends (56.8%). Higher ST correlated positively with the mother’s level of education (r = +0.219) and higher per capita family income (r = +0.227). Screen time was also positively correlated with attending daycare centers (adjusted odd’s ratio [aOR] = 1.82, confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-2.81), caregivers ST of more than 2 hours (aOR = 1.68, CI = 1.12-2.56), and the absence of digital-media rules at home (aOR = 3.3, CI = 0.92-11.65). It was negatively correlated (i.e., protective) with lower mother’s education (i.e., up to middle school) (aOR = 0.62, CI = 0.41-0.96) and watching educational digital-media content (aOR = 0.53, CI = 0.33-0.87).

CONCLUSION: We observed a high prevalence of excessive ST among children aged 2 to 5 years. Screen time was significantly associated with being in daycare centers, higher caregivers’ ST, lower mothers’ educational status, and educational digital content.

PMID:34016828 | DOI:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000964

J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021 May 19. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000821. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Frailty is a syndrome characterized by increased vulnerability and reduced ability to maintain homeostasis after stressful events that results in an increased risk for poor outcomes. Frailty screening could potentially be valuable in cardiac surgery risk assessment. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature linking multicomponent frailty assessment and invasive cardiac surgery outcomes.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL; 1887 articles met the search criteria, and each was independently reviewed by 2 reviewers.

RESULTS: The 19 eligible studies assessed 52 291 subjects using 17 different frailty measurements. The most commonly used instruments were the Fried Frailty Phenotype and the Clinical Frailty Scale. Between 9% and 61% of participants were found to be frail in each study. All 19 studies included mortality as an outcome, 12 included surgical complications, 12 included hospital length of stay, 3 included quality of life, and 2 included functional status. Nine found statistically significant differences in survival between frail and nonfrail patients, 6 of 12 found that frail patients had a longer length of stay, 4 of 12 found that frail patients were more likely to experience major complications, and 2 of 2 found that frail patients were more likely to have a decrease in functional status.

CONCLUSION: Although some studies lacked power, the majority confirmed that frail patients are more likely to experience poor outcomes. Further research is needed to determine which frailty measure provides the best predictive validity and to identify interventions to mitigate the risks that major cardiac surgery poses to frail patients.

PMID:34016838 | DOI:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000821

J Dr Nurs Pract. 2021 May 20:JDNP-D-20-00036. doi: 10.1891/JDNP-D-20-00036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Quality improvement (QI) projects comprise the majority of University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON) Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) projects.

METHODS: An online survey was completed by 51% (n = 38) of faculty, who teach or mentor DNP students, and was analyzed using quantitative and descriptive methods.

RESULTS: Faculty were somewhat or not familiar with developing a QI charter 68.4%, human error theory and error proofing 63.2%, driver diagrams 60.5%, characteristics of high-reliability organizations 60.5%, and Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines 55.3%. The faculty were most interested in learning more about (n = 97 responses) were human error theory and error proofing (28.9%), SQUIRE guidelines (26.3%), statistical process control (21.1%), and implementation strategies and tactics (21.1%). The most commonly identified challenges included identifying QI projects (24%), project time constraints (16%), keeping up-to-date on QI concepts, methods, and tools (12%), and balancing professional workload (10%).

CONCLUSIONS: Gaps in self-reported QI knowledge indicate there is a need for further development of DNP and PhD prepared faculty at the UMSON.

PMID:34016785 | DOI:10.1891/JDNP-D-20-00036

Indian Pediatr. 2021 May 20:S097475591600330. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the serum vitamin D levels in neonatal seizures and vitamin D status of the mothers whose babies had vitamin D deficiency.

METHODS: For this case-control study, vitamin D levels were studied in term and late preterm neonates admitted to NICU with seizures in a tertiary care center in South India. Controls were term and late preterm healthy neonates admitted in the postnatal ward with the mothers in the same center.

RESULT: 30 cases and 30 controls were enrolled. The mean (SD) serum vitamin D was 19.33 (7.76) ng/mL among cases and 16.83 (6.74) ng/mL among controls (P=0.18). We tested maternal vitamin D levels in babies with seizures and low vitamin D levels. The mean (SD) serum vitamin D level among these mothers (n=11) was 13.25 (6.17) ng/mL.

CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant association between serum vitamin D levels and seizures among neonates in our study. However, we found low vitamin D levels in lactating mothers and newborn population of this region.

PMID:34016803

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021 May 18. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000702. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3 formula, with and without direct measurements of total corneal power, using a heteroscedastic statistical method for analysis.

SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series.

METHODS: Records of consecutive patients who underwent routine cataract surgery between February 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The prediction accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3.0 formula was compared to the Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0 (EVO), Haigis, HILL-RBF 2.0, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Kane, Olsen, and SRK/T formulas, based on biometry measurements by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with standard keratometry )K(, SS-OCT with total keratometry (TK), and an optical low-coherence reflectometer (OLCR). Statistical analysis was applied according to a heteroscedastic statistical method with a standard deviation (SD) of prediction errors as the main parameter for formula performance.

RESULTS: The study included 153 eyes of 153 patients. The SD values that were obtained by HILL-RBF 3.0 (0.266-0.285D) were significantly lower compared to Hill-RBF 2.0 (0.290-0.309D), Hoffer Q (0.387-0.407D), Holladay 1 (0.367-0.385D), Holladay 2 (0.386-0.401D), and SRK/T (0.377-0.399D) formulas, P < .036. The prediction accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3.0 was similar across the SS-OCT (K), SS-OCT (TK), and OLCR methods of measurement (P > .51).

CONCLUSIONS: HILL-RBF 3.0 was more accurate than Hill-RBF 2.0 and older generation formulas and had similar prediction accuracy compared to new generation formulas. The use of total keratometry did not provide significant improvement to its prediction accuracy.

PMID:34016821 | DOI:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000702

J Nucl Med. 2021 May 20:jnumed.121.262009. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To compare breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thoracal MRI, thoracal ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET)/MRI and axillary sonography for the detection of axillary lymph node metastases in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This prospective double-center study included patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between March 2018 and December 2019. Patients underwent thoracal (¹⁸F-FDG PET/)MRI, axillary sonography, and dedicated prone breast MRI. Datasets were evaluated separately regarding nodal status (nodal+ vs. nodal-). Histopathology served as reference standard in all patients. The diagnostic performance of breast MRI, thoracal MRI, thoracal PET/MRI and axillary sonography in detecting nodal positive patients was tested by creating receiver-operating-characteristic curves (ROC) with a calculated area under the curve (AUC). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for all four modalities. A McNemar test was used to assess differences. Results: 112 female patients (mean age 53.04 ± 12.6 years) were evaluated. Thoracal PET/MRI showed the highest ROC-AUC with a value of 0.892. The AUC for breast MRI, thoracal MRI and sonography were 0.782, 0.814 and 0.834, respectively. Differences between thoracal PET/MRI and axillary sonography, thoracal MRI and breast MRI were statistically significant (PET/MRI vs. axillary sonography, P = 0.01; PET/MRI vs. thoracal MRI, P = 0.02; PET/MRI vs. breast MRI, P = 0.03). PET/MRI showed the highest sensitivity (81.8%, 36/44) (95%-CI: 67.29-91.81%) while axillary sonography had the highest specificity (98.5%, 65/66), 95%-CI: 91.84-99.96%). Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI outperforms axillary sonography, breast MRI and thoracal MRI in determining the axillary lymph node status. In a clinical setting, the combination of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI and axillary sonography might be considered to provide even more accuracy in diagnosis.

PMID:34016726 | DOI:10.2967/jnumed.121.262009

J Nucl Med. 2021 May 20:jnumed.120.261545. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261545. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The assessment of gliomas by ¹⁸F-FDOPA PET imaging in adjunct to MRI showed high performance by combining static and dynamic features to non-invasively predict the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and the 1p/19q co-deletion, which the World Health Organization classified as significant parameters in 2016. The current study evaluates whether other ¹⁸F-FDOPA PET radiomics features further improve performance and the contributions of each of these features to performance. Methods: Our study included seventy-two, retrospectively selected, newly diagnosed, glioma patients with ¹⁸F-FDOPA PET dynamic acquisitions. A set of 114 features, including conventional static features and dynamic features as well as other radiomics features were extracted and machine-learning models trained to predict IDH mutations and the 1p/19q co-deletion. Models were based on a machine-learning algorithm built from stable, relevant, and uncorrelated features selected by hierarchical clustering followed by a bootstrapped feature selection process. Models were assessed by comparing area under the curve (AUC) using a nested cross-validation approach. Feature importance was assessed using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. Results: The best models were able to predict IDH mutations (logistic regression with L2 regularization) and the 1p/19q co-deletion (support vector machine with radial basis function kernel) with an AUC of 0.831[0.790;0.873] and 0.724[0.669;0.782] respectively. For the prediction of IDH mutations, dynamic features were the most important features in the model (TTP: 35.5%). In contrast, other radiomics features were the most useful for predicting the 1p/19q co-deletion (up to 14.5% of importance for the small zone low grey level emphasis) . Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDOPA PET is an effective tool for the non-invasive prediction of glioma molecular parameters using a full set of amino-acid PET radiomics features. The contribution of each feature set shows the importance of systematically integrating dynamic acquisition for the prediction of the IDH mutations as well as developing the use of radiomics features in routine practice for the prediction the 1p/19q co-deletion.

PMID:34016731 | DOI:10.2967/jnumed.120.261545

Science. 2021 May 21;372(6544):860-864. doi: 10.1126/science.abg1685.

ABSTRACT

Global vegetation over the past 18,000 years has been transformed first by the climate changes that accompanied the last deglaciation and again by increasing human pressures; however, the magnitude and patterns of rates of vegetation change are poorly understood globally. Using a compilation of 1181 fossil pollen sequences and newly developed statistical methods, we detect a worldwide acceleration in the rates of vegetation compositional change beginning between 4.6 and 2.9 thousand years ago that is globally unprecedented over the past 18,000 years in both magnitude and extent. Late Holocene rates of change equal or exceed the deglacial rates for all continents, which suggests that the scale of human effects on terrestrial ecosystems exceeds even the climate-driven transformations of the last deglaciation. The acceleration of biodiversity change demonstrated in ecological datasets from the past century began millennia ago.

PMID:34016781 | DOI:10.1126/science.abg1685