Tag: nevin manimala

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Jun 4;20(1):569. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05983-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effect of shoulder pathologies on glenoid bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear and can be critical in surgical treatments. It is thus useful to predict this effect and understand how it is influenced by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), in various glenoid locations.

METHODS: We developed a causal model and used do-calculus to identify the minimal adjustment set of covariate variables and developed a varying-intercept varying-slope Bayesian model. We considered two common shoulder pathologies, primary osteoarthritis (OA) and cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), and compared them with normal shoulders (CTRL). Glenoid BMD was automatically measured on computed tomography scans of 93 OA, 53 CTA, and 133 CTRL subjects.

RESULTS: OA and CTA subjects had higher BMD than CTRL in subchondral trabecular bone. This difference varied by sex, increased with age, and was stable with BMI. BMD was higher in OA than CTA, especially on the posterior side.

CONCLUSION: This causal model estimates the causal effect of pathology BMD, which could be useful for surgery planning, outcome prediction, and understanding of the associated pathophysiology.

PMID:40468434 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-05983-x

Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2025 Jun 4;20(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s13023-025-03803-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by heterogeneous motor and nonmotor manifestations. The progressive pattern of subcortical shape abnormalities and their associations with the clinical phenotypes in SCA3 remain unknown.

METHODS: Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and FSL-FIRST were used to characterize the progressive patterns of the abnormalities in white matter microstructure and subcortical shape in four subgroups of SCA3 patients stratified based on disease duration (n = 56). These were compared to matched healthy control groups (n = 59).

RESULTS: TBSS analyses revealed a clear progressive pattern of white matter microstructural abnormalities throughout the course of SCA3, as indicated by an expanding topographic distribution of fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions that originated from the cerebellar peduncle. Vertex-based shape analyses uncovered an increasing number of affected subcortical structures in symptomatic patients as the disease progressed with concurrent inward atrophy and outward inflation in subcortical structures including the bilateral thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus and brainstem. Moreover, the localized shape changes of subcortical structures correlated bidirectionally with clinical measurements including the length of CAG repeats within the ATXN3 gene, the scores on the scale of the assessment, the rating of ataxia, the instrumental activities of daily living scale, and the mini-mental state examination.

CONCLUSION: We demonstrated progressive, localized, and bidirectional changes in the shape of subcortical structures that related to diverse clinical manifestations in SCA3, highlighting the pivotal role of localized shape abnormalities in contributing to the clinical heterogeneity of this disorder.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Imaging genetics study the relationship between MJD1 gene and cognitive impairment with Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3, ChiCTR1800019901. Registered 8 December 2018 and ChiCTR2000039434. Registered 28 October 2020, http://chictr.org.cn .

PMID:40468428 | DOI:10.1186/s13023-025-03803-3

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jun 4;13(1):600. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02958-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Public speaking is a critical skill for medical professionals, yet many students experience public speaking anxiety (PSA), which negatively impacts mental well-being, academic performance, and professional growth. PSA is closely linked to self-efficacy, which serves as a protective factor against stress and anxiety. Understanding this relationship is vital, particularly in Sudan, where cultural and systemic factors may influence both PSA and self-efficacy.

METHODS: This cross-sectional based analytical study was conducted among 1130 Sudanese medical students from multiple universities, this design was well-selected considering the current circumstances of Sudan conflict. Data were collected using validated tools: the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) scale and the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale. Convenience sampling was employed, and data analysis including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models was conducted to identify factors influencing PSA.

RESULTS: Nearly half of the participants (45%) experienced moderate PSA, while 11.5% exhibited high PSA. Conversely, 87% reported high self-efficacy. PSA was significantly associated with gender, academic performance, extracurricular activities, and family income. A weak negative correlation was observed between PSA and self-efficacy (Spearman’s rho = -0.189, p < 0.001), indicating that higher self-efficacy mitigates PSA.

CONCLUSIONS: PSA is highly prevalent among Sudanese medical students, with cultural and academic factors playing a crucial role. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to build self-efficacy and reduce PSA, such as structured training, extracurricular opportunities, and culturally tailored approaches to public speaking in medical education.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

PMID:40468423 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02958-9

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jun 4;44(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00929-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with an increasing burden. Family caregivers, primarily family members, play a vital role in supporting individuals with cancer but frequently experience significant caregiver burden. This study aimed to identify and analyze the key predictors of caregiver burden among Iranian family caregivers of individuals with cancer.

METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2024. We recruited a convenience sample of 307 family caregivers of individuals with cancer. Eligibility criteria included being aged 18 years or older, providing unpaid care, and willingness to participate. In addition to caregiver-related data, patient-related data were also collected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the caregiving context. Data collection tools included an individual characteristics questionnaire, the Barthel Index to assess patient dependency, and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) to measure caregiver burden. Barthel Index and CBI questionnaire was completed by caregivers based on their observations of the patient. Descriptive statistics, Independent t-tests, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 22.

RESULTS: Most caregivers were female (74.3%) with a mean age of 43.19 ± 11.60 years, and 50.5% were unemployed. Among patients, 62.2% were female with a mean age of 56.49 ± 14.27 years. Gynecological (36.8%) and gastrointestinal (32.2%) cancers were most common. Caregivers providing over 12 h of care daily reported significantly higher burden scores compared to those who provided less than 12 h of care (P < 0.001). Caregivers with poor health or insufficient income also had higher burden scores (P = 0.016 and P = 0.011, respectively). Child/parent caregivers had higher burden scores than spouses (P = 0.023). Multivariate regression identified caregiving hours (β = – 5.553, SE = 2.231, P = 0.010 for < 6 h; β = – 5.571, SE = 1.946, P = 0.004 for 6-12 h vs. > 12 h), increased patient dependency (β = – 0.353, SE = 0.035, P < 0.001), and the absence of metastasis (β = – 4.680, SE = 1.946, P = 0.017) as key predictors of burden. Together, these variables explained 35.2% of the variance in caregiver burden (Adjusted R² = 0.352).

CONCLUSION: Caregiving hours, patient dependency, health, and financial strain are significant predictors of caregiver burden. Respite care services and financial support are critical to alleviate this burden. Future research should focus on longitudinal impacts and culturally tailored interventions to better support caregivers.

PMID:40468411 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00929-9

BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jun 4;21(1):401. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04836-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND ENTEROCYTOZOON BIENEUSI: is a cosmopolitan microsporidian that infects a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts including humans, domestic animals and wild game. In this study, we determined the prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, examined the different genotypes present, and assessed their zoonotic potential.

METHODS: This study investigate the prevalence and multilocus genotyping of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. We collected 721 fecal samples from pigs in four regions (Guigang, Nanning, Hezhou and Yulin). These samples were subsequently analyzed using nested PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs was 24.55%, ranging from 11.48 to 43.26% among four regions. The infection rates of E. bieneusi in pigs of four types (breeding pigs, piglets, nursery pigs and fattening pigs) and two feeding modes (free-range farming and intensive farming) ranged from 9.71 to 42.42%, and 16.71-34.71% respectively. The results of statistical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the prevalence of E. bieneusi in different regions, types and feeding modes (P < 0.05). Ten novel genotypes (GXP-1 to GXP-10) and 12 known genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified. Genotype EbpC and EbpA were the main prevalent genotypes in this study. All the identified E. bieneusi genotypes were clustered to zoonotic group 1 by phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-seven samples were simultaneously amplified at three microsatellite loci and one minisatellite loci, resulting in the formation of 44 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs).

CONCLUSIONS: The present study for the first time revealed the prevalence and genotypes diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, providing foundational data for the prevention and control of this parasitic disease. Moreover, the observed genotype distribution of E. bieneusi suggests a substantial risk of zoonotic transmission, highlighting the need for sustained surveillance and targeted intervention strategies.

PMID:40468405 | DOI:10.1186/s12917-025-04836-3

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jun 4;17(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01187-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. However, the relative effectiveness of different types of exercise interventions in reducing CVD risk in this population is unclear. The aim of this systematic evaluation and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), mind-body training (MBT), and combined aerobic and resistance training (AE + RT) interventions on CVD events and their associated risk factors.

METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to May 2025 were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. Studies were required to report the effect of exercise interventions on cardiovascular event metrics such as Framingham score, 10-year CVD risk, and ICVD score. Two investigators independently completed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0, and intervention effects were ranked based on Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) values.

RESULTS: A total of 6 RCTs involving 1,265 subjects were included. The results showed that RT was the most effective in reducing cardiovascular risk, showing the lowest SUCRA values for Framingham score, ICVD score, and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). This effect was statistically significant. AE + RT had the most significant advantage in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, SUCRA = 26.7%, 95% CI [0.02, 0.89]) and triglycerides (TG, SUCRA = 9.1%). MBT had the optimal effect in improving lipids, as evidenced by higher High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (SUCRA = 85.3%, 95% CI [4.05, 56.83]) and lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, both of which were statistically significant. No significant publication bias or consistency issues were identified in this study.

CONCLUSION: Different types of exercise interventions have differentiated advantages on cardiovascular risk and metabolic outcomes in prediabetic populations. RT is more suitable for controlling blood glucose and insulin resistance, AE + RT has the best effect on improving dual indexes of blood glucose and blood lipids, and MBT has a prominent role in lipid regulation. Compared with the traditional Meta-analysis, this study is the first to evaluate the relative effects of multiple exercise interventions through a network meta-analysis, which can provide a scientific basis for developing individualized and risk-oriented exercise prescriptions.

PMID:40468402 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-025-01187-2

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jun 4;13(1):601. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02646-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parental emotional adjustment refers to the degree of distress associated with the parenting role and can be correlated with increased use of negative parenting practices. Parenting programs are a critical strategy globally to help ensure children reach their full developmental potential; however, their effects on parental mental health outcomes are inconsistent.

METHODS: Cross-sectional self-report survey data from mothers, fathers, and caregivers (e.g., grandmother) from Afghanistan, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, and Uzbekistan were analysed to explore: (1) the relative contributions of parental adjustment on parenting practices as measured by the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales, and (2) differences in parenting practices across diverse contexts. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between parental adjustment and parenting generally and parental consistency, coercive parenting, positive encouragement, and behaviours supporting the parent-child relationship specifically.

RESULTS: A total of 642 participants (mean age = 33.2 years; 79% female; 89.9% partnered) from Afghanistan (n = 111), Indonesia (n = 157), Kyrgyzstan (n = 118), Malaysia (n = 103), and Uzbekistan (n = 153) completed the survey. Results showed that parental adjustment was significantly positively associated with parenting practices, explaining 5.9% of the unique variance. Specifically, better parental adjustment was significantly positively associated with the use of positive parenting practices, including praise, attention, affection, and displays of pride, but not significantly associated with negative parenting practices such as spanking, shouting, and getting angry with children. Finally, significant differences in parental consistency, coercive parenting, positive encouragement, and parenting practices supporting the parent-child relationship were found across the five LMICs.

CONCLUSIONS: A robust literature demonstrates the importance of supporting parents’ mental health and emotional adjustment to improve both parent and child outcomes. Our results highlight that better emotional adjustment is associated with more positive parenting practices, suggesting that interventions that support a parent’s ability to cope with the parenting role will increase the use of responsive and nurturing childrearing practices. However, further research is now required to understand how best to integrate mental health-related content with other key intervention material (e.g., training in responsive caregiving), including with regards to the optimal ‘dose’ of each component, to optimise effectiveness.

PMID:40468380 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02646-8

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jun 4;44(1):185. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00849-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The university period is an important period in which eating habits and lifestyles are shaped, digital addiction due to digital media use increases, and psychosocial changes are observed. During this period, in addition to changes university students eating behavior, unhealthy eating behavior trends such as increased night time eating behavior and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods can be observed. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between night eating syndrome, ultra-processed food consumption and digital addiction in university students.

METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 2512 university students with a mean age of 21.36 ± 2.04. The research data were collected by the researchers via a web-based survey form (Google form) created using the snowball sampling method, email and whatsapp. Demographic characteristics of the participants (gender, age, living space), eating behaviors (number of main and snacks), frequency of eating using visual mediaregular physical activity, daytime and nighttime sleep durations, digital media usage time, and anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) were examined. Ultra-processed food consumption was assessed with the screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) was used to measure the severity of Night Eating Syndrome and the digital addiction scale was used to measure digital addiction. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 27.0) software was used for all analyses.

RESULTS: In this study, correlations were found between the total score of the night eating scale and the total score of the Digital Addiction Scale, the total score of ultra-processed food consumption, BMI, daytime sleep duration, nighttime sleep duration and time spent on digital media (r = 0.202, r = 0.177, r = 0.101, r = 0.100, r=-0.080, r = 0.094 respectively). Digital Addiction Scale total score It was determined that it was significantly affected by possible variables such as gender, night sleep duration, Night Eating Syndrome Scale total score, digital media use and ultra processed food consumption (p < 0.001). Similarly, the total score of the Night Eating Syndrome Scale, It was found that it was significantly affected by possible variables such as gender, body mass index (BMI), night sleep time, daytime sleep time and Digital Addiction Scale total score (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a relationship between digital addiction, night eating syndrome and ultra-processed food consumption. Our study suggests that this eating disorder, Night Eating Syndrome, may be affected by possible variables such as gender, body mass index (BMI), night sleep duration, daytime sleep duration, and digital addiction. These findings offer a different perspective in developing strategies for the prevention and management of NES in university students.

PMID:40468376 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00849-8

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jun 4;25(1):838. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07218-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Over the last decade there has been a recognition of the need for better dementia education for undergraduate healthcare professionals. Time for Dementia is an innovative educational programme in the UK whereby students learn about the condition directly from a two-year longitudinal contact with a person living with dementia and their families. There is evidence that such programmes have positive outcomes for students in terms of improved attitudes and knowledge, however, students’ evaluations of these programmes are scarce.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the satisfaction of the students taking part in Time for Dementia and their perceptions of the programme.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, with Likert responses, was completed to assess overall levels of satisfaction for students enrolled in Time for Dementia. 1,225 students consented and completed the satisfaction survey at five universities in England. Factors that might predict satisfaction were explored using multiple regression analysis. A qualitative framework thematic analysis explored the best aspects of the programme and possible improvements, as recorded by student responses to open text questions.

RESULTS: 78% of students agreed or strongly agreed that Time for Dementia had increased their knowledge of psychosocial issues, and 69% enjoyed the programme. The multiple regression analysis found satisfaction was statistically significantly higher for students who completed more visits; took part after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; were of Black or Asian ethnicities (compared to White British/European); and were relatively older. The themes related to the best aspects of the programme were that Time for Dementia provides relational learning, understanding the impact of dementia on family and thinking psychosocially. Improvements include preferred programme structure, the need for clarity of expectations and addressing barriers to learning.

CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the value of Time for Dementia as assessed by students. Key considerations to ensure satisfaction include the fidelity of programme experience and clear expectations.

PMID:40468368 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07218-3

Radiat Oncol. 2025 Jun 4;20(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13014-025-02672-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This research focused on determining the optimal cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) in high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).

METHODS: The retrospective analysis was conducted on 885 patients. Potential bias was minimized by propensity score matching (PSM). Overall survival (OS) served as the primary endpoint. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, with statistical comparisons performed via the log-rank test. Prognostic determinants were identified through multivariate cox regression analysis. A nomogram model was constructed to quantify individualized prognosis.

RESULTS: Patients were divided into 2/3-cycle (IC = 2/3) and 4-cycle IC (IC = 4) groups. After PSM, 446 patients remained and were categorized into distinct risk groups according to independent predictors, including clinical stage and pre-treatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA (pre-EBV DNA). For the high-risk cohort (stage IVa with pre-EBV DNA ≥ 4000 copies/mL), the IC = 4 regimen showed higher 5-year OS (70.4% vs. 54.7%, P = 0.036) than the IC = 2/3 regimen. In the low- and middle-risk cohorts, the IC = 2/3 regimen exhibited OS comparable to the IC = 4 regimen. The established nomogram model demonstrated superior prognostic power compared to individual factors. Given the adverse effects, the IC = 4 regimen was associated with significantly higher rates of grade 3-4 neutropenia (24.6% vs. 15.5%, P = 0.017) and thrombocytopenia (8.0% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.049) compared to the IC = 2/3 regimen.

CONCLUSION: The developed nomogram offers personalized guidance on selecting individual IC cycles for LA-NPC patients.

PMID:40468367 | DOI:10.1186/s13014-025-02672-1