Tag: nevin manimala

Nutr Metab (Lond). 2025 Jan 6;22(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12986-024-00885-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intermittent fasting (IF) can be an effective dietary therapy for weight loss and improving cardiometabolic health. However, there is scant evidence regarding the role of IF on indicators of liver function, particularly in adults with metabolic disorders. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders.

METHODS: Three primary electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched from inception to September 2024 to identify original studies that used IF interventions with or without control groups in adults with metabolic disorders. Inclusion criteria were (1) studies of human participants with metabolic diseases, (2) interventions that evaluated the effects of IF, (3) with or without a control group, and (4) measured liver fat, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis, or liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as primary outcomes. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s Q statistic and I-squared statistic (I²). Publication bias was assessed using the visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s tests. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale and the NIH quality assessment tool.

RESULTS: A total 21 studies involving 1,226 participants with metabolic disorders were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, IF effectively decreased liver fat with a large effect size [SMD: -1.22 (95% CI: -1.63 to -0.80), p = 0.001], liver steatosis with a medium effect size [SMD: -0.73 (95% CI: -1.12 to -0.35), p = 0.001], ALT with a small effect size [SMD: -0.44 (95% CI: -0.58 to -0.30), p = 0.001], and AST with a small effect size [SMD: -0.30 (95% CI: -0.49 to -0.11), p = 0.001], but not liver fibrosis [SMD: -0.28 (95% CI: -0.59 to 0.02), p = 0.07]. Subgroup analyses showed that IF decreased liver fat and ALT significantly, independent of IF mode, participant age, health status, weight status, and intervention duration. IF significantly decreased liver fibrosis in those with obesity; and decreased AST following 5:2 diets, in middle-aged adults, adults with obesity, and regardless of health status or intervention duration.

CONCLUSIONS: IF seems to be an effective dietary therapy for improving liver function in adults with metabolic disorders, and many of liver function-related benefits occur regardless of IF mode, intervention duration, or participant health status.

LIMITATIONS: Significant heterogeneity, small numbers of studies and inclusion of non-randomized trials or single-group pre-post trials were the main limitation of our meta-analysis. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders.

PMID:39762987 | DOI:10.1186/s12986-024-00885-x

Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025 Jan 6;17(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13195-024-01664-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The success of selecting high risk or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease individuals for the delivery of clinical trials depends on the design and the appropriate recruitment of participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) show potential for identifying individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our study comprehensively examines AD PRS utility using various methods and models.

METHODS: We compared the PRS prediction accuracy in ADNI (N = 568) and BioFINDER (N = 766) cohorts using five disease risk modelling approaches, three PRS derivation methods, two AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics and two sets of SNPs: the whole genome and microglia-selective regions only.

RESULTS: The best prediction accuracy was achieved when modelling genetic risk by using two predictors: APOE and remaining PRS (AUC = 0.72-0.76). Microglial PRS showed comparable accuracy to the whole genome (AUC = 0.71-0.74). The individuals’ risk scores differed substantially, with the largest discrepancies (up to 70%) attributable to the GWAS statistics used.

CONCLUSIONS: Our work benchmarks the best PRS derivation and modelling strategies for AD genetic prediction.

PMID:39762974 | DOI:10.1186/s13195-024-01664-9

Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Jan 6. doi: 10.1111/dom.16159. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To explore the relationship between weight loss and insulin sensitivity in response to tirzepatide or semaglutide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a post hoc exploratory analysis of a 28-week, double-blind, randomized trial in people with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, randomized to tirzepatide 15 mg, semaglutide 1 mg or placebo. We evaluated the relationship between change in body weight and change in insulin sensitivity determined from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (M value), or from mixed-meal tolerance testing (Matsuda index).

RESULTS: Tirzepatide was associated with a greater improvement than semaglutide in insulin sensitivity assessed using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps (p < 0.001). With tirzepatide, improvements in insulin sensitivity were associated with percent change in weight (R = -0.656, p < 0.0001). With semaglutide, change in insulin sensitivity was less strongly correlated with percent change in weight (R = -0.268, p = 0.0820; p = 0.0242 vs. tirzepatide). In regression analyses, the slope of the relationship between change in M value and change in weight was statistically different between semaglutide and tirzepatide (p = 0.0461). These relationships were also assessed using the Matsuda index as the metric of insulin sensitivity, and using change in fat mass as the determinant of change in insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in insulin sensitivity was proportional to weight and fat loss, with greater strength of association with tirzepatide. In regression analysis, tirzepatide was associated with greater improvement in insulin sensitivity per unit weight loss than semaglutide. The greater improvement in insulin sensitivity following treatment with tirzepatide was not simply attributable to greater weight or fat loss.

PMID:39762971 | DOI:10.1111/dom.16159

Crit Care. 2025 Jan 6;29(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-05235-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is considered a beneficial treatment for improving outcomes in patients with OHCA due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The comparative benefits of hypothermic TTM (32-34°C) versus normothermic TTM (35-36°C) are unclear. This study compares these TTM strategies in improving neurological outcomes and survival rates in OHCA patients with ACS.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (JAAM-OHCA) registry, encompassing 68,110 OHCA patients between June 2014 and December 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,217 adult patients with ACS who received TTM were eligible for the study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their TTM strategy: hypothermic TTM (32-34°C) and normothermic TTM (35-36°C). The primary outcome was 30-day favorable neurological outcome, defined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale (CPC 1-2). Secondary outcomes included 30-day survival and adverse event incidence. Statistical analysis involved multivariable logistic regression and propensity score adjustments with inverse probability weighting (IPW) to account for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Of the 1,217 patients, 369 received normothermic TTM and 848 received hypothermic TTM. In both groups, most patients were male, with a median age in the 60s. Approximately 70% had a shockable rhythm at the scene, one-third had a shockable rhythm in-hospital, around 70% had ST segment elevation, and about half received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The proportions of patients with 30-day favorable neurological outcomes were 36.6% (135) in the normothermic group and 36.6% (310) in the hypothermic group. No difference in neurological outcomes was observed in the multivariable regression analysis (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.84-1.54), and the result was consistent in the IPW analysis (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.84-1.47). Other outcomes also showed no significant differences.

CONCLUSION: In this nationwide, retrospective study using the JAAM-OHCA registry, we found no significant differences in 30-day favorable neurological outcome, 30-day survival, and adverse event incidences between hypothermic TTM (32-34°C) and normothermic TTM (35-36°C) in adult patients with OHCA due to ACS.

PMID:39762968 | DOI:10.1186/s13054-024-05235-0

J Ovarian Res. 2025 Jan 6;18(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13048-024-01585-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A significant overlap in the pathophysiological features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported; and insulin resistance is considered a central driver in both. The expression and hepatic clearance of insulin and subsequent glucose homeostasis are mediated by TCF7L2 via Wnt signaling. Studies have persistently associated TCF7L2 genetic variations with T2DM, however, its results on PCOS are sparse and inconsistent.

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature review of the data published till June 2024, on rs7903146, rs12255372, and PCOS in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between these genetic variations and the PCOS risk. Using a random effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI) were computed using STATA statistical software.

RESULTS: The genotypic data from 3052 controls and 2291 women with PCOS from ten published studies were analysed. The results indicated no cumulative association between the rs7903146 variant and PCOS risk in either the allelic (C vs. T: OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.96-1.47, p > 0.05) or genotypic models (CC vs. CT + TT: OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.90-1.23, p > 0.05). Similarly, the genetic variant rs12255372 was not associated with PCOS risk both in the allelic and the dominant inheritance model(p > 0.05). Unlike East Asians (MAF < 0.025), both variants are highly frequent across other global populations including America, South Asia, and Europe (MAF ≥ 0.19).

CONCLUSION: Unlike T2DM, our results showed that rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants of the TCF7L2 gene do not modulate the PCOS risk. However, the role of other TCF7L2 variants remains to be studied in future studies.

PMID:39762965 | DOI:10.1186/s13048-024-01585-z

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jan 6;13(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02329-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This research focuses on examining and comparing the aggression levels of prisoners incarcerated for intentional injury and amateur combat athletes. The study aims to explore the differences in aggression levels among these groups to understand the impact of incarceration and sports participation on aggression.

METHODS: The participants included in the analysis consist of prisoners (n = 363) housed in Marmara No. 7 and No. 3 Type L Closed Penal Institutions, who have been incarcerated for intentional injury, with an average age of 36.64 ± 10.30 years and an average custody period of 980.47 ± 1335.27 days. Amateur combat athletes (n = 203) with an average age of 25.17 ± 10.09 years have been actively engaged in sports for an average of 11.83 ± 9.53 years. The control group (n = 329) has an average age of 32.65 ± 7.56 years. Data collection instruments included a personal information form and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Analysis of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire scores revealed that the aggression levels of prisoners incarcerated for intentional injury were statistically significantly lower than those of both amateur combat athletes and control group participants (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant reduction in overall aggression scores was observed among prisoners as the number of days in custody increased (p = 0.045). No significant differences were found among amateur combat athletes concerning the discipline variable, and no meaningful relationship was identified between years of active sports participation and aggression scores.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that educational, social, and sports activities organized in correctional facilities can be effective in reducing aggression levels among inmates. Systematic planning, professional implementation, and continuous evaluation of such programs can make significant contributions to the rehabilitation of prisoners and their successful reintegration into society.

PMID:39762961 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-02329-w

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025 Jan 6;33(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13049-024-01314-x.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for contacting the emergency medical services (EMS). It is difficult for EMS personnel to distinguish between patients suffering from a high-risk condition in need of prompt hospital care and patients suitable for non-conveyance. A vast majority of patients with chest pain are therefore transported to the emergency department (ED) for further investigation even if hospital care is not necessary. Improved prehospital assessment and risk stratification, thus accurately and safely identifying patients suitable for non-conveyance, could prevent unnecessary transport to the ED. This would reduce ED crowding and overburdening sparse EMS resources. It would thus also probably reduce healthcare costs. Little is known about the prehospital use of the 5th generation, i.e. high-sensitivity troponin analyses. The aim of this project is to develop an EMS decision support tool using high-sensitivity troponin I for risk assessment of chest pain patients.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study including adult unselected EMS patients with chest pain. Data is being collected from 20 May 2023 to 31 December 2025, aiming to include at least 2,000 patients. High-sensitivity troponin I is being analysed bedside using Siemens Healthineers Atellica VTLi. In addition to prehospital troponin I, data is being collected on patient medical history, onset, vital signs, symptoms, ECG and diagnosis at hospital discharge. Several statistical analyses (random forest, logistic regression, gradient boosting) will be conducted to identify the best model for identifying patients with low-risk conditions suitable for non-conveyance.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-01066-01 and 2022-06846-02). Patients are being informed about the study both orally and in writing. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and/or international conferences.

REGISTRATION DETAILS: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05767619).

PMID:39762958 | DOI:10.1186/s13049-024-01314-x

Diagn Progn Res. 2025 Jan 7;9(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s41512-024-00183-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The initial theme of the PROGRESS framework for prognosis research is termed overall prognosis research. Its aim is to describe the most likely course of health conditions in the context of current care. These average group-level prognoses may be used to inform patients, health policies, trial designs, or further prognosis research. Acquired brain injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury or encephalopathy, is a major cause of disability and functional limitations, worldwide. Rehabilitation aims to maximize independent functioning and meaningful participation in society post-injury. While some observational studies can allow for an inference of the overall prognosis of the level of independent functioning, the context for the provision of rehabilitation is rarely described. The aim of this protocol is to provide a detailed account of the clinical context to aid the interpretation of our upcoming overall prognosis study.

METHODS: The study will occur at a Danish post-acute inpatient rehabilitation facility providing specialised inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with moderate to severe acquired brain injury. Routinely collected electronic health data will be extracted from the healthcare provider’s database and deterministically linked on an individual level to construct the study cohort. The study period spans from March 2011 to December 2022. Four outcomes will measure the level of functioning. Rehabilitation needs will also be described. Outcomes and rehabilitation needs will be described for the entire cohort, across rehabilitation complexity levels and stratified for relevant demographic and clinical parameters. Descriptive statistics will be used to estimate average prognoses for the level of functioning at discharge from post-acute rehabilitation. The patterns of missing data will be investigated.

DISCUSSION: This protocol is intended to provide transparency in our upcoming study based on routinely collected clinical data. It will aid in the interpretation of the overall prognosis estimates within the context of our current clinical practice and the assessment of potential sources of bias independently.

PMID:39762957 | DOI:10.1186/s41512-024-00183-3

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jan 6;17(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-01038-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: “Active” heat acclimation (exercise-in-the-heat) can improve exercise performance but the efficacy of “passive” heat acclimation using post-exercise heat exposure is unclear. Therefore, we synthesised a systematic review and meta-analysis to answer whether post-exercise heat exposure improves exercise performance.

METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify studies including: (i) healthy adults; (ii) an exercise training intervention with post-exercise heat exposure via sauna or hot water immersion (treatment group); (iii) a non-heat exposure control group completing the same training; and (iv) outcomes measuring exercise performance in the heat (primary outcome), or performance in thermoneutral conditions, V̇O₂max, lactate threshold, economy, heart rate, RPE, core temperature, sweat rate, and thermal sensations. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. To determine the effect of post-exercise heat exposure, between-group ratio of means or standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each outcome and weighted by the inverse of their variance to calculate an overall effect estimate (ratio of mean or Hedges’g) in a random effects meta-analysis, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI). Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.

RESULTS: Ten studies (199 participants: 156 male, 43 female, age 20-32 years) were included. The effect of post-exercise heat exposure on performance in hot conditions (33-40 °C) was trivial (ratio of means = 1.04) with poor precision (95%CI 0.94-1.15, P = 0.46) and low predictive certainty (95%PI 0.81-1.33). There were also trivial effects on performance in thermoneutral conditions (18-24 °C) and speed at lactate threshold, small effects on V̇O₂max, heart rate, core temperature, and sweat rate, and a moderate effect on thermal sensations. However, the certainty in the effect estimates was graded as low to very low across all outcomes due to small sample sizes, high risk of bias, risk of publication bias, imprecision in the effect estimates, and low statistical power.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of post-exercise heat exposure for improving exercise performance is uncertain. Further high-quality trials are needed to make firm conclusions.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Foundation ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/256XZ ).

PMID:39762944 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-024-01038-6

Anim Microbiome. 2025 Jan 6;7(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s42523-024-00368-7.

ABSTRACT

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in host health and disease in dogs, but the knowledge regarding the mucosal associated microbiota along the GI tract is limited in dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the phylogeny and predicted functional capacity of microbiota residing on the gut mucosa across five GI regions of healthy young adult and geriatric dogs fed different diets. Twelve weanling (8 weeks old) and 12 senior (11.1 years old) beagles were randomly assigned to be fed an animal product-based diet or plant product-based diet for 12 months. At that time, mucosal samples from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and mid-colon were collected. DNA was extracted and the hypervariable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified to assess microbiota using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1. and Statistical Analyses of Metagenomic Profiles software 2.1.3. Gene predictions were made using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Taxonomic assessment revealed a greater (p < 0.05) species richness in the mid-colon compared with other segments. Principal coordinates analysis of weighted UniFrac distances demonstrated distinct clusters of stomach, ileum, and mid-colon samples, indicating the presence of unique microbial communities in these regions. The predominant phyla in all five segments were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, but their relative abundances varied between segments. Proteobacteria had a decreasing relative abundance from the stomach to mid-colon (q < 0.05). The ileum had the highest while the stomach had the lowest relative abundance of Firmicutes (q < 0.05). The duodenum had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes than the stomach and ileum (q < 0.05). The mid-colon had a higher Fusobacteria relative abundance than other regions (q < 0.05). The predicted functional capacities of the microbiota in the stomach differed from those in the other segments. Age and diet of dog did not significantly impact the taxonomy or predicted functional capacities of the mucosal microbiota. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate distinct characteristics of the mucosal microbiota across various segments of canine GI tract.

PMID:39762940 | DOI:10.1186/s42523-024-00368-7