Tag: nevin manimala

Biomark Med. 2021 Apr 15. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0615. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim: The study sought to determine the patterns of N-glycan profiles among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over a 6-month period. Materials & methods: Biochemical and clinical data were obtained from 253 T2DM patients at baseline and follow-up. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and statistical methods were applied for N-glycan profiling. Results: The coefficients of variation were 28% and 29% at baseline and follow-up, respectively, whereas the range of N-glycan variability was from 11% to 56%. Apart from GP1 (FA2) and GP29 (FA3G3S [3,3,3]3), the intra-individual variations of N-glycan peaks were not statistically significant. Conclusion: N-glycan profiles were stable over 6-month period in T2DM patients and could be used to monitor biochemical changes in relation with T2DM comorbidities.

PMID:33856266 | DOI:10.2217/bmm-2020-0615

Leuk Lymphoma. 2021 Apr 15:1-16. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1907371. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is difficult to cure; non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL have worse outcomes than GCB DLBCL. Ibrutinib and lenalidomide are synergistic in vitro in ABC DLBCL and may augment salvage chemotherapy. In part 1 of this phase 1b/2 study (NCT02142049), patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL received ibrutinib 560 mg and escalating doses of lenalidomide on Days 1-7 with DA-EPOCH-R (Days 1-5) in 21-day cycles. In part 1 (N = 15), the maximum tolerated dose was not reached with lenalidomide 25 mg (recommended part 2 dose [RP2D]); most common grade ≥3 adverse events were anemia (73%) and febrile neutropenia (47%); the overall response rate (ORR) was 40%. At the RP2D (n = 26), ORR was 71% in non-GCB and 64% in ABC. Ibrutinib and lenalidomide with DA-EPOCH-R had a manageable safety profile and antitumor activity in relapsed/refractory DLBCL, especially the non-GCB subtype.

PMID:33856277 | DOI:10.1080/10428194.2021.1907371

Prosthet Orthot Int. 2021 Mar 25. doi: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The medical community demands evidence for the benefits of medical devices such as bone-anchored prostheses (BAPs). MedTech20 is a novel instrument aiming to address general benefits of medical devices.

OBJECTIVE: To describe general patient-reported benefits of BAPs measured with MedTech20.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey.

METHODS: Patients treated in Sweden who had used a BAP for >1 year were mailed the MedTech20 Questionnaire. Responses to each attribute were described, and the MedTech20 Index (0-1), in which a higher figure represents larger benefits from the product, was calculated. Index values were compared based on demographic variables (sex, unilateral or bilateral transfemoral amputation (TFA), and those having experienced any complication of implant parts or the prosthetic connection device).

RESULTS: The response rate was 72%. The 62 participants (41 men and 21 women; mean age 57 years) had 11 ± 6.9 mean years of BAP experience. Single attributes stated as highly relevant and with high benefit for BAPs included perceived reliability, perceived safety, sense of control of the disability, facilitation of movement outside home, no discomfort at use, and ease of use. Attributes with less relevance included aid to remember tasks, reduction of barriers to a good sleep, and reduced sense of compromised integrity. The MedTech20 Index was 0.655 ± 0.188 and was not statistically significantly different based on any of the demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS: By using a general measure on attributes of medical devices, this study provides new insights strengthening the evidence regarding the benefits that BAPs provide for patients with TFA who had difficulties with socket-suspended prostheses.

PMID:33856153 | DOI:10.1097/PXR.0000000000000008

Prosthet Orthot Int. 2021 Mar 23. doi: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are alternative transfemoral (TF) socket interface designs that have not been compared with the standard of care, ischial ramus containment (IRC). The interface directly affects performance.

OBJECTIVES: To compare 3 TF interface designs, IRC, dynamic socket (DS), and subischial (Sub-I), regarding gait, balance, mobility, and preference. The authors hypothesized that these more active users may experience gait, mobility, and preference benefits from the less intrusive DS and Sub-I interface designs.

STUDY DESIGN: Single-blind, repeated-measures, 3-period randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

METHODS: People with unilateral TF amputation with 1 year or longer prosthesis use experience, independent community ambulatory status, 18 to 60 years of age, of any race or ethnicity, with a body mass of 45 to 125 kg, and with a self-reported ability to walk for 20 minutes continuously were included in the study. Each participant was fit in all 3 interface designs.

RESULTS: Thirteen participants completed the clinical trial. Velocity, cadence, mobility, and balance were not statistically different between the 3 socket conditions. The DS demonstrated significantly greater symmetry in swing, stance, single support percentage, and toe angle compared with IRC and Sub-I. Sixty days after study completion, 7 participants changed interfaces, trending away from IRC.

CONCLUSIONS: Large differences were not observed. Small differences in spatiotemporal gait measures combined with patient preference may make a meaningful difference to individual patients and should be considered.

PMID:33856157 | DOI:10.1097/PXR.0000000000000013

Am Fam Physician. 2021 Apr 15;103(8):453.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33856175

Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Apr 15. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25423. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Machine-learning approaches have enabled promising results in efforts to simplify the diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A comprehensive review and analysis of such studies increase the confidence level of practitioners and healthcare providers in the implementation of these methodologies in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of machine-learning- based methods to detect pediatric OSA.

DATA SOURCES: Two researchers conducted an electronic search on the Web of Science and Scopus using term, and studies were reviewed along with their bibliographic references.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles or reviews (year 2000 onwards) that applied machine learning to detect pediatric OSA; reported data included information enabling derivation of true positive, false negative, true negative, and false positive cases; polysomnography served as diagnostic standard.

APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Pooled sensitivities and specificities were computed for three apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) thresholds: 1 event/hour (e/h), 5 e/h, and 10 e/h. Random-effect models were assumed. Summary receiver-operating characteristics (SROC) analyses were also conducted. Heterogeneity (I ² ) was evaluated, and publication bias was corrected (trim and fill).

RESULTS: Nineteen studies were finally retained, involving 4,767 different pediatric sleep studies. Machine learning improved diagnostic performance as OSA severity criteria increased reaching optimal values for AHI=10 e/h (0.652 sensitivity; 0.931 specificity; and 0.940 area under the SROC curve). Publication bias correction had minor effect on summary statistics, but high heterogeneity was observed among the studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning can reliably detect severe OSA. However, further steps are needed to improve diagnostic performance for less severe pediatric OSA, and thus increase the confidence levels when using these approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:33856128 | DOI:10.1002/ppul.25423

J Perinat Med. 2021 Apr 14. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Antenatal exposure to organic pollutants is a leading public health problem. Meconium is a unique matrix to perform prenatal studies because it enables us to retrospectively evaluate fetal exposure accumulated during the second and third trimester. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between organic pollutant levels in meconium and birth weight in NW Spain.

METHODS: In this study, we quantify the concentrations of 50 organic pollutants together with the total values of the most important chemical groups in meconium using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS: Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were detected with the highest levels in meconium from small for gestational age newborns. It was estimated that several congeners were statistically significant (p<0.05). However, organophosphorus pesticides attained higher concentrations in newborns with an appropriate weight.

CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of transplacental transfer can be confirmed. Prenatal exposure to organic pollutants was associated with a decrease in birth weight and, therefore, organic pollutants could have an impact on fetal growth. Nevertheless, these results need validation in larger sample sized studies.

PMID:33856139 | DOI:10.1515/jpm-2020-0324

Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino). 2021 Apr 15. doi: 10.23736/S2724-5985.21.02826-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There have been long debates on the introduction of proton pump inhibitors into acute pancreatitis therapy as standard treatment.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The aim of the study was to assess endoscopic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis.

METHODS AND MATERIAL: We carried out a prospective analysis of patients hospitalized in one surgical centre who had an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination performed during the first 48 hours of hospitalization.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: We performed analysis of basic descriptive statistics along with the Shapiro-Wilk test, logistic order regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and Student’s t-test for independent trials.

RESULTS: From January 2016 to December 2019, 476 patients were hospitalized because of acute pancreatitis. The upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination was performed in 85 patients (n) in the first 48 hours. From the examined group 45 patients (52.94%) developed mild acute pancreatitis, 28 (32.94%) – moderate pancreatitis and 12 (14.12%) – severe pancreatitis. Lesions in the endoscopic imaging were observed in 80 patients (94.12%).

CONCLUSIONS: A very high percentage of patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis present lesions in the endoscopic imaging of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The standard treatment of AP is the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which themselves can cause gastric and duodenal mucosal defects. All these factors indicate the need for standard use of proton pump inhibitors in patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis.

PMID:33856142 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-5985.21.02826-9

Mol Ecol. 2021 Apr 14. doi: 10.1111/mec.15920. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Much of what we know about the genetic basis of herbicide resistance has come from detailed investigations of monogenic adaptation at known target-sites, despite the increasingly recognized importance of polygenic resistance. Little work has been done to characterize the broader genomic basis of herbicide resistance, including the number and distribution of genes involved, their effect sizes, allele frequencies, and signatures of selection. In this work, we implemented genome-wide association (GWA) and population genomic approaches to examine the genetic architecture of glyphosate (Round-up^® ) resistance in the problematic agricultural weed, Amaranthus tuberculatus. A GWA was able to correctly identify the known target-gene but statistically controlling for two causal target-site mechanisms revealed an additional 250 genes across all 16 chromosomes associated with non-target-site resistance (NTSR). The encoded proteins had functions that have been linked to NTSR, the most significant of which is response to chemicals, but also showed pleiotropic roles in reproduction and growth. The architecture of NTSR was enriched for large effect sizes and low allele frequencies, suggesting the role of pleiotropic constraints on its evolution. The enrichment of rare alleles also suggested that the genetic architecture of NTSR may be population-specific and heterogeneous across the range. Despite their rarity, we found signals of recent positive selection on NTSR-alleles by both window- and haplotype-based statistics, and an enrichment of amino-acid changing variants. In our samples, genome-wide SNPs explain a comparable amount of the total variation in glyphosate resistance to monogenic mechanisms, even in a collection of individuals where 80% of resistant individuals have large-effect TSR mutations, indicating an underappreciated polygenic contribution to the evolution of herbicide resistance in weed populations.

PMID:33853196 | DOI:10.1111/mec.15920

Stat Med. 2021 Apr 14. doi: 10.1002/sim.8982. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is of great practical importance to compare and combine data from different studies in order to carry out appropriate and more powerful statistical inference. We propose a partition based measure to quantify the compatibility of two datasets using their respective posterior distributions. We further propose an information gain measure to quantify the information increase (or decrease) in combining two datasets. These measures are well calibrated and efficient computational algorithms are provided for their calculations. We use examples in a benchmark dose toxicology study, a six cities pollution data and a melanoma clinical trial to illustrate how these two measures are useful in combining current data with historical data and missing data.

PMID:33853200 | DOI:10.1002/sim.8982