Tag: nevin manimala

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021 Oct;9(5):e00844. doi: 10.1002/prp2.844.

ABSTRACT

This review aims to assess the benefits and adverse effects of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure, with a focus on important patient outcomes. A systematic review was conducted of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sacubitril/valsartan versus a reference drug, in heart failure patients with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, published in French or English. Searches were undertaken of Medline, Cochrane Central, and Embase. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and adverse events. From 2 082 articles analyzed, 5 were included. For all-cause mortality, the absolute numbers for HFrEF (2 RCTs, 4627 patients) were 16% on sacubitril/valsartan and 18% on enalapril, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.85 [CI = 0.78, 0.93], and 13% vs 14% in with HFpEF (2 RCTs, 5097 patients), with no statistical difference. Under the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the evidence for HFrEF patients was of moderate quality. For HFrEF patients, an increased risk of symptomatic hypotension and angioedema (low quality of evidence) was shown. There was no statistical difference for the risk of hyperkalemia or worsening renal function. There was a protective RR (0.50 [0.34, 0.75]) for worsening renal function for patients with HFpEF, with a high quality of evidence despite similar absolute numbers (1.4% vs. 2.8%). To keep in mind for shared decision-making, sacubitril/valsartan reduces all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients but for HFpEF further data are needed. Take into consideration the small number of studies to date to assess the risks.

PMID:34617669 | DOI:10.1002/prp2.844

Plant Genome. 2021 Oct 7:e20154. doi: 10.1002/tpg2.20154. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an annual legume species, phylogenetically close to pea (Pisum sativum L.), that may be infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop), the causal agent of fusarium wilt in peas with vast worldwide yield losses. A range of responses varying from high resistance to susceptibility to this pathogen has been reported in grass pea germplasm. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of that diversity of responses is still unknown, hampering its breeding exploitation. To identify genomic regions controlling grass pea resistance to fusarium wilt, a genome-wide association study approach was applied on a grass pea worldwide collection of accessions inoculated with Fop race 2. Disease responses were scored in this collection that was also subjected to high-throughput based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) screening through genotyping-by-sequencing. A total of 5,651 high-quality SNPs were considered for association mapping analysis, performed using mixed linear models accounting for population structure. Because of the absence of a fully assembled grass pea reference genome, SNP markers’ genomic positions were retrieved from the pea’s reference genome v1a. In total, 17 genomic regions were associated with three fusarium wilt response traits in grass pea, anticipating an oligogenic control. Seven of these regions were located on pea chromosomes 1, 6, and 7. The candidate genes underlying these regions were putatively involved in secondary and amino acid metabolism, RNA (regulation of transcription), transport, and development. This study revealed important fusarium wilt resistance favorable grass pea SNP alleles, allowing the development of molecular tools for precision disease resistance breeding.

PMID:34617677 | DOI:10.1002/tpg2.20154

Head Neck. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1002/hed.26887. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We assessed long-term patient-reported dysphagia and xerostomia outcomes following definitive surgical management with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) via a cross-sectional survey study.

METHODS: Patients with OPC managed with primary oropharyngeal surgery as definitive treatment at least 1 year ago between 2015 and 2019 were identified. The M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and Xerostomia Inventory (XI) scores were compared across treatment types (i.e., no adjuvant therapy [TORS-A] vs. adjuvant radiotherapy [TORS+RT] vs. adjuvant chemoradiotherapy [TORS+CT/RT]).

RESULTS: The sample had 62 patients (10 TORS-A, 30 TORS+RT, 22 TORS+CT/RT). TORS-A had clinically and statistically significantly better MDADI scores than TORS+RT (p = 0.03) and TORS+CT/RT (p = 0.02), but TORS+RT and TORS+CT/RT were not significantly different. TORS-A had clinically and statistically significantly less XI than TORS+RT (p < 0.01) and TORS+CT/RT (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OPC who have undergone TORS+RT or TORS+CT/RT following surgery face clinically worse dysphagia and xerostomia outcomes relative to patients who undergo TORS-A.

PMID:34617643 | DOI:10.1002/hed.26887

Microsc Res Tech. 2021 Oct 6. doi: 10.1002/jemt.23953. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different cleaning methods and resin cements on the shear bond strength (SBS) of contaminated zirconia. A total of 92 disc-shaped zirconia specimens were contaminated with different procedures. Then, the specimens were grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: no cleaning + Variolink Esthetic DC (CN_V ), no cleaning + Panavia V5 (CN_P ), sandblasted + Variolink Esthetic DC (SB_V ), sandblasted + Panavia V5 (SB_P ), Ivoclean + Variolink Esthetic DC (IC_V ), Ivoclean + Panavia V5 (IC_P ), Katana Cleaner + Variolink Esthetic DC (KC_V ), and Katana Cleaner + Panavia V5 (KC_P ). Following an aging protocol in a 37°C for 1 week, SBS analysis was performed with a universal test machine. For the surface topography and elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Significance was evaluated as p < .05 and p < .01. The highest SBS results were found in the SB_P group, showing a statistically significant difference from all other groups (p < .05). For the same cleaning method, Panavia V5 showed statistically significantly higher SBS values than Variolink Esthetic DC (p < .01), except the CN_P -CN_V (p = .880) and KC_P -KC_V (p = .082) groups. The most detected surface elements by EDS were Zr, O, C, and N, respectively. The contaminated zirconia surfaces must be cleaned for successful adhesion. The use of phosphate-containing adhesives in combination with sandblasting will increase the adhesion strength, and universal cleaning agents can be a good alternative to sandblasting.

PMID:34617647 | DOI:10.1002/jemt.23953

Aust Endod J. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1111/aej.12580. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to examine the impact of NaOCl and Irritrol solutions with/without autoclave sterilisation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc NiTi files. Seventy files in every group were separated into seven subgroups (n = 10) according to irrigation solutions and sterilisation procedures. The mean and standard deviations of the time to fracture was calculated for each group, and the data statistical analysis was performed (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance was found in Reciproc files than the other types of files. The differences between the control and other subgroups were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05), except for subgroups 5 and 7 (P ≤ 0.05). Immersing NiTi files in NaOCl or Irritrol with sterilisation for three times considerably reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of these files. Reciproc files exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison with ProTaper and WaveOne Gold files.

PMID:34617638 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12580

Aust Endod J. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1111/aej.12575. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfection of dentinal tubules with diclofenac sodium (DS), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide (CH). Contaminated dentinal blocks were divided into two control and seven experimental groups (n = 15): CH, DS, NAC, CH + 5% DS, 50% CH + 50% DS, CH + 5% NAC and 50% CH + 50% NAC. After seven days, dentine debris was obtained from two depths of 100 and 200 µm. The bacterial load was assessed by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Pure DS exhibited maximum antibacterial activity at both depths. At 200 µm, it showed statistically significant differences with all the other groups (P < 0.05). Mixing CH with either 5% or 50% of DS and NAC did not increase the antibacterial efficacy (P > 0.05). Pure DS was most effective in disinfecting dentinal tubules, and mixing CH with DS or NAC is not recommended.

PMID:34617640 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12575

Laryngoscope. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1002/lary.29896. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical features and otologic manifestations of first branchial cleft anomalies (FBCAs) and the disparity between Work’s classification, and to explore the relationships between postoperative facial paralysis and features of FBCAs.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 109 patients with FBCAs was conducted, including clinical characteristics and otologic features. Pearson chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare disparity between Work’s classification, and the impact factors of postoperative facial paralysis among 86 patients who were explored in follow-up.

RESULTS: Patients with FBCAs presented with otologic symptoms, including cysts or fistula in the external auditory canal (EAC) and periauricular (43.2%), microtia (3.7%), EAC web (1.8%), otitis media (1.8%), and otorrhea (4.6%). Eighty-five cases (78.0%) were type I FBCAs and 24 (22.0%) were type II. Compared to type I FBCAs, type II (58.3%) was more likely to be located deep to the facial nerve (FN) and to have superficial parotidectomy on them (79.2%). This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). FBCAs deep to the FN had a higher incidence of postoperative facial paralysis (P < .05).

CONCLUSION: The majority of patients (55.0%) had otologic symptoms. The FBCAs of Work type II was commonly deep to the FN and superficial parotidectomy was frequently performed. Postoperative facial paralysis was associated with FBCAs located deep to the FN, but not with Work’s type.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.

PMID:34617600 | DOI:10.1002/lary.29896

J Adv Nurs. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1111/jan.15070. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among health science students in China; associations between the number of ACE exposures and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms; and the extent to which resilience moderates the effect of ACEs on mental health outcomes.

DESIGN: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted May-August 2020.

METHODS: Five hundred and sixty-six health science students (18-38 years) from China completed online surveys measuring ACEs using the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire, depressive and anxiety symptoms and resilience. Descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc tests and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 27.

RESULTS: 88.5% of participants reported at least one ACE; 42.6% reported four or more ACEs. Higher number of ACEs was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four or more ACEs were associated with significantly worse mental health outcomes than those with no ACEs and those with one to three ACEs. Greater resilience significantly attenuated the effects of ACEs on mental health symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are highly prevalent among Chinese health science students but their impact on mental health can be buffered by higher levels of resilience.

IMPACT: Screening for ACEs and strength-based, trauma-informed interventions on fostering resilience is needed to promote mental health among Chinese young adults.

PMID:34617614 | DOI:10.1111/jan.15070

Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Oct 7:nqab342. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab342. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent observational studies have suggested that circulating phosphorus levels are positively associated with risk of prostate cancer. However, little is known about the causal direction of the association.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential causal relationship between circulating phosphorus and risk of prostate cancer, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

DESIGN: Summary statistics of prostate cancer were obtained from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consisting of 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with serum phosphorus level were selected from a GWAS of 291,408 individuals from the UK Biobank. MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with simple-median, weighted-median, maximum likelihood-based, MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO test. We also performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the associations of dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus level with risk of prostate cancer.

RESULTS: In the MR analysis, a total of 125 independent SNPs associated with serum phosphorus levels were used as instrumental variables. Genetically predicted serum phosphorus levels were associated with a 19% increased risk of prostate cancer (95% confidence interval (CI): 9%, 31%) per one SD increment of serum phosphorus by IVW (P = 1.82 × 10-4). Sensitivity analyses using alternative MR methods produced similar positive associations, and no evidence of pleiotropy was detected by MR-Egger regression (P = 0.422). For meta-analysis, eight studies for dietary phosphorus intake and four for serum phosphorus levels were included involving a total of 669,080 participants. Consistently, high dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus levels were associated with an 8% (95% CI: 4%, 12%) and 7% (95% CI: 1%, 14%) increase in prostate cancer risk, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested a potential causal relationship between circulating phosphorus and risk of prostate cancer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of phosphorus in the development of prostate cancer.

PMID:34617559 | DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab342

Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Oct 7:nqab339. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab339. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diet and physical activity (PA) are independent risk factors for obesity and chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The temporal sequence of these exposures may be used to create patterns with relationships to health status indicators.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to create clusters of joint temporal dietary and PA patterns (JTDPAPs); determine their association with health status indicators including BMI, waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, blood pressure and disease status including obesity, T2DM, and MetS in United States adults.

DESIGN: A 24-hour dietary recall and random day of accelerometer data of 1836 participants from the cross-sectional NHANES 2003-2006 data were used to create JTDPAPs clusters by constrained dynamic time warping, coupled with kernel k-means clustering algorithm. Multivariate regression models determined associations between the 4 JTDPAP clusters and health and disease status indicators, controlling for potential confounders and adjusting for multiple comparisons.

RESULT: A JTDPAP cluster with proportionally equivalent energy consumed at two main eating occasions reaching up to 1600 and 2200 kcal from 11:00 to 13:00 and 17:00 to 20:00, and the highest PA counts among 4 clusters from 8:00 to 20:00, was associated with significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.0001), WC (P = 0.0001), total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and odds of obesity (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.5) compared to a JTDPAP cluster with proportionally equivalent energy consumed reaching up to 1600 and 1800 kcal from 11:00 to 14:00 and 17:00 to 21:00, and high PA counts from 9:00 to 12:00.

CONCLUSIONS: The joint temporally patterned sequence of diet and PA can be used to cluster individuals with meaningful associations to BMI, WC, total cholesterol, and obesity. Temporal patterns hold promise for future development of lifestyle patterns that integrate additional temporal and contextual activities.

PMID:34617560 | DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab339