Tag: pubmed

J Radiol Prot. 2025 Jul 14;45(3). doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ade68e.

ABSTRACT

A recent commentary on epidemiological studies of nuclear workers notes that these studies can provide radiation risk estimates that complement those derived from the study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The author asserts that the results from some nuclear worker studies are difficult to interpret due to the fact that ERR/Gy estimates vary across subcohorts, and subcohort-specific estimates are not always equal to estimates obtained in the overall study population. We discuss settings in which it is reasonable to expect that an estimate of association in a subcohort should be similar to an estimate obtained in the full cohort and settings in which a subcohort analysis may differ from the estimate obtained in a full cohort analysis. Focusing on the INWORKS study, we describe some of the steps taken to understand variation in estimates of ERR/Gy between subgroups and upon restrictions, as well as interpretation of estimates of external dose-mortality associations in the total study population.

PMID:40654101 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6498/ade68e

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Jul;24(7):e70197. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70197.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hybrid cooperative complex hyaluronic acid (HCC HA) is a novel, widely used injectable developed using the patented NAHYCO Hybrid Technology for the treatment of the face and body, respectively.

AIM: To examine the safety profile of HCC HA from global post-marketing surveillance data.

METHODS: Post-marketing adverse events (AEs) reported for HCC HA injected to the face (Profhilo, HCC-HA_PROF, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl, Italy) from January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2023 and to the body (Profhilo Body, HCC-HA_PROF-B, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl, Italy) from January 1, 2020 to October 31, 2023 were analyzed. Patient exposure and the proportion of exposed patients with a safety complaint were also estimated.

RESULTS: The total number of patients exposed to HCC-HA_PROF and HCC-HA_PROF-B globally was projected to be 1 091 956 and 27 692, respectively. There was a total of 371 AEs recorded for HCC-HA_PROF, and 11 AEs reported for HCC-HA_PROF-B, corresponding to 0.034% and 0.040% of the patients, respectively. The most common AEs were edema, erythema, and discomfort, which are consistent with the manner and location of administration, and the AEs are frequently reported following treatment. The proportion of exposed patients with a safety complaint was low, with 0.026%-0.050% and 0%-0.013% of patients exposed to HCC-HA_PROF or HCC-HA_PROF-B experiencing a safety complaint, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Post-marketing surveillance indicated favorable safety profiles for HCC-HA_PROF and HCC-HA_PROF-, with the most common AEs expected and/or related to the method or site of administration.

PMID:40654100 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.70197

J Pediatr Orthop. 2025 Jul 14. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000003056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), full-time scoliosis braces are effective in preventing curve progression but are a source of stress for patients and families. Nighttime hypercorrective braces have minimal impact on daily life, but there is little evidence to guide prescription. It is not known how providers with expertise in scoliosis incorporate nighttime bracing into their routine clinical practice. The aim of this study is to assess provider perspectives and recommendations regarding the use of nighttime and full-time scoliosis bracing for patients with AIS.

METHODS: Providers engaged in nonoperative scoliosis management were invited to complete an online survey that included 12 scoliosis case scenarios. For each case scenario, respondents were asked to indicate their bracing recommendation and their willingness to randomize each case into a hypothetical clinical trial. The survey also queried respondents’ use of nighttime and full-time bracing in their practice. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings; a linear mixed effects model was used to determine patient characteristics related to bracing recommendations and willingness to randomize.

RESULTS: A total of 214 respondents completed the survey; most had been in practice for >15 years (58%) and dedicate the majority of their practice to pediatric spine (57%). Just over half (54%) currently prescribe nighttime braces. Across case scenarios, most respondents recommended full-time bracing (70% to 92%); recommendations varied by curve type, curve magnitude, and skeletal maturity. For providers who use nighttime braces, the most important factors that led providers to prescribe nighttime over full-time braces were patient willingness to wear the brace (58%), skeletal maturity (57%), and curve type (56%).

CONCLUSIONS: Most providers preferred to prescribe full-time over nighttime braces. Providers were more willing to recommend a nighttime brace for patients with lumbar/thoracolumbar curves and those who were at lower risk for curve progression (ie, more skeletally mature and smaller curve magnitudes). Ultimately, results provide insights into current practice and will inform eligibility criteria and feasibility for a future study comparing nighttime and full-time braces.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Expert opinion.

PMID:40654097 | DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000003056

J Clin Ultrasound. 2025 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/jcu.70009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The placenta plays a critical role in fetal development by facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic waste. It also acts as a protective barrier against infections and maintains pregnancy by producing key hormones. As the first organ to reflect pathological changes during pregnancy, placental evaluation can aid in the early detection of pregnancy complications. The primary objective of this study was to assess the correlation between placental thickness (PT) and fetal biometric parameters during the second-trimester anomaly screening, aiming to facilitate earlier detection of pregnancy outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 300 healthy pregnant women with gestational ages between 18 and 22 weeks, determined by last menstrual period or first-trimester ultrasound. Participants underwent routine biometric ultrasound assessments, including biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), estimated fetal weight (EFW), and Doppler evaluations of the umbilical and uterine arteries. PT was measured perpendicularly to the uterine wall at the site of cord insertion. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and independent t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.001.

RESULTS: The mean placental thickness (PT) was 23.45 ± 3.99 mm. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) but weak positive correlations were observed between PT and the following fetal growth parameters: estimated fetal weight (EFW) (r = 0.29), abdominal circumference (AC) (r = 0.33), head circumference (HC) (r = 0.21), biparietal diameter (BPD) (r = 0.27), and femur length (FL) (r = 0.29). Gestational age showed a weak positive correlation with PT (r = 0.32). Correlations between PT and Doppler indices, including the umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) and uterine artery PI, were trivial (r = -0.16 and r = 0.06, respectively). No significant differences in PT were observed based on fetal gender.

CONCLUSION: PT demonstrates statistically significant correlations with fetal biometric parameters and gestational age, suggesting its potential utility as a marker for fetal growth and development. However, its association with Doppler indices is trivial, indicating limited utility in vascular assessments. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into PT as a noninvasive marker for prenatal assessment, particularly in larger cohorts and during the third trimester.

PMID:40654094 | DOI:10.1002/jcu.70009

Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2025 Jul 14. doi: 10.4274/TJAR.2025.251902. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Paediatric airway management is challenging due to anatomical differences, making effective endotracheal intubation crucial during surgery. While direct laryngoscopy (DL) has been the standard method, video laryngoscopy (VL) has emerged as a promising alternative. This study compared the effectiveness of King Vision aBlade non-channeled VL with Miller/Macintosh DL for intubation in children.

METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study, 150 children aged 2-10 years undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to either Group DL (n = 75) or Group KVL (n = 75). Data was collected on intubation success, time, glottic view, external maneuvers, and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂)] at various intervals.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients was similar in both groups (P=0.15). The DL group had a higher success rate on the first attempt (P < 0.001) and shorter intubation times (9.97±3.12 sec vs. 14.35±2.99 sec, P < 0.001) compared to King Vision aBlade VL (KVL). Although KVL provided a better glottic view, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.059). Hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP) were significantly higher in the DL group post-intubation (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in HR or SpO₂ between groups. The DL group required more external maneuvers for intubation (P=0.022).

CONCLUSION: DL showed a higher success rate, faster intubation times, and greater hemodynamic stability compared to KVL. While KVL offered better glottic views, it had longer intubation times and lower success rates. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings.

PMID:40654062 | DOI:10.4274/TJAR.2025.251902

Clin Gerontol. 2025 Jul 14:1-11. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2025.2532526. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms among U.S. community-dwelling older adults and whether it varied by gender.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective population-based analysis of 3,354 adults aged 65 and older using data from the 2009 Health and Retirement Study Health and Well-Being Study. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more prescription medications. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8). Negative binomial regression models assessed associations between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms and whether the relationship varied by gender.

RESULTS: Over 40% of participants reported polypharmacy. In unadjusted models, polypharmacy was positively related to depressive symptoms (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.44, p < .01). In models adjusting for demographic and health characteristics, there was no statistically significant relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms (Adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio [AIRR] = 0.99, p > .05). There were no significant gender differences in unadjusted or adjusted models in the relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy was not related to depressive symptoms among older women or men.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Interventions to address physical health may be more salient to depression management than polypharmacy regardless of gender.

PMID:40654053 | DOI:10.1080/07317115.2025.2532526

Health Promot J Austr. 2025 Jul;36(3):e70074. doi: 10.1002/hpja.70074.

ABSTRACT

ISSUE ADDRESSED: Socioeconomic disparities in food environments significantly impact diet quality and health outcomes, yet comparative evidence between metropolitan and regional areas remains limited. We examined spatial and temporal changes in food outlet availability in Victoria, Australia from 2019 to 2023.

METHODS: Geospatial data from OpenStreetMap was used to classify food outlets into healthy, less healthy, and unhealthy categories. Outlet densities were calculated within 500 m (walkable) and 2000 m (short driving) buffers from Statistical Area Level 1 centroids. Socioeconomic disparities were assessed using the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage quintiles. Gini coefficients quantified inequality, while Kruskal-Wallis tests, Dunn’s post hoc tests, and k-means clustering identified socio-spatial patterns.

RESULTS: In metropolitan Melbourne, both highly disadvantaged (quintile 1) and affluent areas (quintiles 4-5) had significantly higher densities of food outlets (e.g., 2.3 vs. 2.7 healthy outlets per 1000 people within 500 m in 2023), while mid-range socioeconomic areas (quintiles 2-3) had notably lower availability. Regional Victoria exhibited similar trends, with mid-range areas consistently underserved. From 2019 to 2023, Melbourne’s Gini coefficients for healthy outlet access improved slightly (0.45-0.43), whereas regional areas worsened (0.52-0.55). Clustering revealed limited healthy food availability in disadvantaged rural clusters and high densities of unhealthy options in urban regional centres.

CONCLUSIONS: Food outlet availability in Victoria shows distinct non-linear socioeconomic disparities, disproportionately disadvantaging mid-range socioeconomic areas.

SO WHAT: Strategic urban planning and targeted policy interventions in underserved suburban and regional locations are essential for mitigating inequalities and promoting healthier communities.

PMID:40653608 | DOI:10.1002/hpja.70074

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 13;15(1):25325. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11289-z.

ABSTRACT

Given the high prevalence of psychological complications during pandemics such as COVID-19, it is imperative to identify effective psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of patients and community members. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention in discharged patients with infectious respiratory diseases, particularly during pandemics, has been examined in a limited number of studies. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training program in alleviating psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress among patients who have passed the acute phase of COVID-19 and have been discharged from the hospital. This was a quasi-experimental study included 70 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (29 [41.4%] men and 41 [58.6%] women) who were discharged from three teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between September 11, 2021, and January 10, 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group (35 per group). The intervention group received a 4-week online MBSR training program based on Jon Kabat-Zinn’s recommendations (2003), while the control group followed the routine hospital discharge plan. Research data were collected using the Lovibond (1995) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The results were compared before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21, employing descriptive statistics as well as paired and independent sample t-tests. Cohen’s d was used to determine effect sizes. The post-test score of stress after the online MBSR training program for 4 weeks significantly decreased in the MBSR group to 12.59 ± 6.77 compared with the control group which had a score of 22.60 ± 10.82(p < 0.001). The total anxiety score significantly decreased, with scores of 8.68 ± 6.52 for the MBSR group versus 18.16 ± 13.37 for the control group (p < 0.001). The depression score in the intervention group (8.68 ± 6.52) was significantly lower compared to the depression score in the control group (18.16 ± 13.37) after the intervention (p < 0.001). This study provides preliminary evidence that online MBSR intervention can serve as an effective measure to reduce depression, stress and anxiety during pandemics such as the COVID-19 crisis. Policymakers and healthcare managers can integrate public mindfulness-based intervention training into crisis management planning to reduce psychological complications and enhance resilience during disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Trial registration. The current study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Midwifery of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences on 10/08/2021 with the registration code IR.SBMU.PHARMACY.REC.1400. 108. In addition, the study protocol was registered with the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center on 03/06/2022 under the code IRCT20210715051896N1.

PMID:40653580 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11289-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 13;15(1):25295. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11421-z.

ABSTRACT

Study aimed to assess air pollution in Patagonia using the moss Lepyrodon lagurus. The 16 selected micro-, macro-, and trace elements: Al, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, V, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, S, Sr, P, Ni and Hg were determined using ICP-OES and direct mercury analyzer. Factor analysis (FA), enrichment factor (EF) and other pollution indicators were employed to group elements and associate them with possible sources and level of emission. Half of the elements were characterized by statistically significant variations in terms of the effect of sampling location on their concentration. Despite the observed concentrations: Co (0.947 mg/kg), Pb (1.37 mg/kg), V (4.29 mg/kg), Cr (1.68 mg/kg), Ni (1.94 mg/kg) were low concerning literature studies, but the area cannot be deemed pristine. Based on the research carried out different anthropogenic, traffic-related activities can be considered as one the main sources of air pollution in the Patagonia region based on values of FA and EF. The highest values of EF were: 14.3 for Co, 6.50 for Pb, and 6.00 for Ni. Future biomonitoring studies using mosses should be expanded to include other species to control the level of atmospheric aerosol pollution in Patagonia and also to identify the most sensitive biomonitor for this area.

PMID:40653574 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11421-z

Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Jul 14;184(8):479. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06308-0.

ABSTRACT

Adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines (physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep duration) has been associated with positive health outcomes. However, meta-analyses on overall adherence to these guidelines among children remain limited. This study aimed to report children’s adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines. Six databases were searched in November 2023, with an update conducted in April 2025. The review followed the PRISMA framework and included studies reporting the prevalence of adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines among children aged 5 to 13. A random-effects model was used to pool prevalence rates across studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted using sex, geographical region, and measurement method. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. This meta-analysis of 29 studies involving 126,129 children aged 5 to 13 revealed a low overall adherence rate of 10.4% (95% CI 8.8-12.0%) among children meeting all three 24-h Movement Guidelines. Subgroup analysis revealed lower adherence in girls (10.0%, 95% CI 6.9-13.1%) than in boys (13.2%, 95% CI 8.9-17.6%). Regarding geographical regions, South America (5.6%, 95% CI 1.3-9.9%) and Asia (6.8%, 95% CI 5.3-8.3%) showed lower adherence rates. For measurement methods, adherence was higher in device-measured (11.9%, 95% CI 8.8-14.9%) than self-reported (8.4%, 95% CI 6.5-10.3%).

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the need for sex- and region-specific strategies to promote adequate PA, reduce ST, and ensure sufficient sleep among children. Future research should consider measurement methods when designing interventions to improve adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42024552497) What is known: • Many studies have examined adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines among school-aged children. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing evidence are still lacking.

WHAT IS NEW: • Subgroup analyses by sex showed lower adherence in girls than in boys, while analyses by geographic region revealed particularly low adherence in South America and Asia. Moreover, studies using device measures yielded higher adherence estimates than those using self-reports.

PMID:40653572 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-025-06308-0