Tag: pubmed

BMC Psychol. 2025 Apr 2;13(1):325. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02641-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parenting styles have been identified as significant factors influencing children’s social behaviors, particularly in their peer interactions. However, the specific mechanisms through which different parenting styles affect these behaviors, particularly among children aged 3-6, remain understudied.

OBJECTIVE: Applying the theoretical frameworks of SLT and SRT, this study aimed to explore how authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles affect peer interactions in 3- and 6-year-old children, focusing on the mediating role of self-control and emotion management skills.

METHODOLOGY: A survey was conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method, with 2,397 participants recruited from 16 kindergartens in 10 provinces and 7 regions across the country. The study employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrap method to examine the relationships between parenting styles, self-control, emotion management skills, and peer interactions.

RESULTS: Authoritarian parenting style is negatively and strongly correlated with children’s peer interactions ( β = -0.57, p > 0.05); self-control fully mediated this relationship, accounting for 32.79%, and emotion management skills partially mediated 16.39%. Authoritative parenting had a direct effect on peer interactions ( β = 0.07, p < 0.05); self-control partially mediated 26.47% and emotion management skills 35.29% of the total effect; individual self-control (stable psychological traits) and emotion management skills (dynamic psychological processes) are important bridges through which family parenting practices influence the socialization process of children, and are also essential internal resources for achieving positive social adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the differing effects of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles on children’s peer interactions, while highlighting the crucial roles of self-control and emotion management skills in these relationships. The findings offer practical implications for parents and educators in Chinese families, suggesting effective parenting strategies that promote positive social development among young children.

PMID:40176199 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02641-z

Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025 Apr 2;17(1):70. doi: 10.1186/s13195-025-01705-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although interactions between amyloid-beta and tau proteins have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the precise mechanisms by which these interactions contribute to disease progression are not yet fully understood. Moreover, despite the growing application of deep learning in various biomedical fields, its application in integrating networks to analyze disease mechanisms in AD research remains limited. In this study, we employed BIONIC, a deep learning-based network integration method, to integrate proteomics and protein-protein interaction data, with an aim to uncover factors that moderate the effects of the Aβ-tau interaction on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage AD.

METHODS: Proteomic data from the ROSMAP cohort were integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) data using a Deep Learning-based model. Linear regression analysis was applied to histopathological and gene expression data, and mutual information was used to detect moderating factors. Statistical significance was determined using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Our results suggested that astrocytes and GPNMB + microglia moderate the Aβ-tau interaction. Based on linear regression with histopathological and gene expression data, GFAP and IBA1 levels and GPNMB gene expression positively contributed to the interaction of tau with Aβ in non-dementia cases, replicating the results of the network analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that GPNMB + microglia moderate the Aβ-tau interaction in early AD and therefore are a novel therapeutic target. To facilitate further research, we have made the integrated network available as a visualization tool for the scientific community (URL: https://igcore.cloud/GerOmics/AlzPPMap ).

PMID:40176187 | DOI:10.1186/s13195-025-01705-x

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Apr 2;44(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00843-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (CBE) are two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary calcium intake and the risk of CBE.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 was used to define airflow obstruction. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of dietary calcium intake on CBE and airflow obstruction. Dietary calcium intake was divided into quartiles, with the lowest quartile set as the reference group. Linear regression models were applied to explore the association between dietary calcium intake and lung function.

RESULTS: A total of 10,143 participants were enrolled in the study, including 594 CBE and 9549 non-CBE individuals. The average dietary calcium intake was 908.5 ± 636.1 mg/day in the CBE group and 951.9 ± 599.7 mg/day in the non-CBE group. When using the lowest quartile of dietary calcium intake as a reference, the second, third, and fourth quartiles reduced the risk of CBE by 0.803 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.802-0.804; P < 0.001], 0.659 (95% CI: 0.659-0.660; P < 0.001) and 0.644 (95% CI: 0.643-0.644; P < 0.001) times, respectively. Increased dietary calcium intake was correlated with reduced risk of airflow obstruction. Dietary calcium intake positively predicts FEV1 (β = 0.225, P < 0.001) and FVC (β = 0.232, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Increased intake of dietary calcium may contribute to higher lung function, a lower risk of CBE and airflow obstruction. Since the cross-sectional design makes it difficult to determine a causal relationship, further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.

PMID:40176178 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00843-0

Trials. 2025 Apr 2;26(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-08797-8.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40176167 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-025-08797-8

Trop Med Health. 2025 Apr 2;53(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s41182-025-00691-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever remains a significant public health challenge in Bangladesh. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profiles of confirmed dengue cases during the 2024 outbreak in Bangladesh.

METHODS: This observational study was conducted from June to September 2024 in four tertiary care hospitals across Bangladesh located in four administrative divisions. A total of 401 laboratory-confirmed (NS1- or IgM-positive) dengue patients aged ≥ 12 years were included. Demographic data, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings were collected through face‒to-face interviews. The revised WHO 2009 dengue case classification was used for severity assessment of dengue patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the results.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients with dengue fever was 29.81 ± 11.64 (SD) years, with 7.2% of the patients being adolescents (aged 12-17 years). A clear male predominance (88.3%) was observed. Overall, 65.6% of patients had dengue with warning signs, and 9% had severe dengue. Fever (94.3%), headache (70.3%), myalgia (66.1%), and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea (49.9%) and abdominal pain (43.9%) were common symptoms. The median in-hospital stay of both non-severe and severe cases were 4 & 5 days, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.75%, which was significantly higher among severe dengue patients (5.6%).

CONCLUSION: The 2024 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh predominantly affected young adult males, with a notable prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms alongside classic dengue manifestations.

PMID:40176164 | DOI:10.1186/s41182-025-00691-y

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Apr 2;30(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02477-8.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have investigated variables that predict mortality and complications following severe trauma. These studies, however, mainly focus on admission values or a single variable. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive quality of multiple routine clinical measurements (at admission and in the ICU).

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of severely injured patients treated at one Level 1 academic trauma centre.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: severe injury (ISS ≥ 16 points), primary admission and complete data set. Exclusion criteria end-of-life treatment based on advanced directive, secondary transferred patients.

PRIMARY OUTCOME: mortality, pneumonia, sepsis. Routine clinical parameters were stratified based on measurement timepoint into Group TB (Trauma Bay, admission) and into Group intensive care unit (ICU, 72 h after admission). Prediction of complications and mortality were calculated using two prediction methods: adaptive boosting (AdaBoost, artificial intelligence, AI) and LASSO regression analysis.

RESULTS: Inclusion of 3668 cases. Overall mean age 45.5 ± 20 years, mean ISS 28.2 ± 15.1 points, incidence pneumonia 19.0%, sepsis 14.9%, death from haemorrhagic shock 4.1%, death from multiple organ failure 1.9%, overall mortality rate 26.8%. Highest predictive value for complications for Group TB include abbreviated injury scale (AIS), new injury severity score (NISS) and systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) score. Highest predictive quality for complications for Group ICU include late lactate values, haematocrit, leukocytes, and CRP. Sensitivity and specificity of late prediction models using a 25% cutoff were 73.61% and 76.24%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The predictive quality of routine clinical measurements strongly depends on the timepoint of the measurement. Upon admission, the injury severity and affected anatomical regions are more predictive, while during the ICU stay, laboratory parameters are better predictor of adverse outcomes. Therefore, the dynamics of pathophysiologic responses should be taken into consideration, especially during decision making of secondary definitive surgical interventions.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III (retrospective cohort study).

PMID:40176162 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-02477-8

Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2025 Apr 2;13(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s40478-025-01991-4.

ABSTRACT

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (pDMG) are devastating diseases without durable and curative options. Although targeted immunotherapy has shown promise, the field lacks immunocompetent animal models to study these processes in detail. To achieve this, we developed a fully immunocompetent, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for pDMG and pHGG that incorporates the glioma-associated antigen, interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2). Utilizing the RCAS-Tva delivery system in Nestin-Tva mice, we induced gliomagenesis by overexpressing PDGFB and deleting p53 (p53^fl/fl) or both p53 and PTEN (p53^fl/fl PTEN^fl/fl), with or without IL13RA2 in neonatal mice. De novo tumors developed in models with and without IL13RA2, showing no statistical difference in onset (n = 33, 38 days, p = 0.62). The p53^fl/fl PTEN^fl/fl tumors displayed more aggressive characteristics (n = 12, 31 days). Tumors exhibited features typical of high-grade glioma, including infiltration, pseudopalisading necrosis, and microvascular proliferation. They also showed a high Ki-67 index, variable IL13RA2 expression, a high frequency of CD11b + macrophages, and a low proportion of CD3 + T cells. The model proved effective for evaluating IL13RA2-targeted immunotherapies, with a significant response to CAR T-cell treatment that extended survival (46 days vs. 28 days control; p < 0.0001) and achieved 25% long-term survival in mice. This model facilitates the preclinical assessment of IL13RA2-directed therapies and holds potential for clinical application.

PMID:40176156 | DOI:10.1186/s40478-025-01991-4

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Apr 2;44(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00803-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight are widespread among individuals in both developed and emerging nations. Obesity is a global health issue, and its prevalence has been increasing in Egypt for several decades. The health belief model (HBM) is a comprehensive framework model that has an important role in preventing disease and promoting health.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students in the faculty of medicine at Ain Shams University and to determine the effect of nutritional educational program on body mass index and health belief model scales among them.

METHODS: This study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University among medical students in 2 phases: phase 1, a descriptive cross-sectional study to calculate the prevalence of the disease; and phase 2, an intervention study that included a sample of 100 medical students whose body mass index was greater than or equal to 25. The study tool is a self-administered questionnaire based on the health belief model for weight control behavior that is tested by the participants before and after the intervention program.

RESULTS: Most participants had a normal BMI, while 40% were overweight or obese. There was a statistically significant difference in the HBM scores before and after the intervention sessions. The mean BMI before the intervention was 29 ± 0.25 and had improved after the intervention session to 29, where there was a highly statistically significant difference (p-value < 0. 001).

CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional education sessions based on the health belief model help in improving the knowledge and habits of high-risk medical students for weight gain. There were substantial changes between before and after the nutrition program interventions.

PMID:40176154 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00803-8

Int J Retina Vitreous. 2025 Apr 2;11(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40942-025-00666-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To evaluate methods of preoperative axial length (AL) estimation for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). These methods included optical biometry, A-scan biometry, and novel decision algorithms.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted at a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. Preoperative and postoperative AL measurements were obtained using optical biometry (IOL Master 700, Zeiss, Germany) and A-scan biometry (VuMAX, Sonomed, USA). The primary outcome was the mean absolute prediction error (MAE) between postoperative AL and preoperative estimates generated by five methods, including two novel algorithms.

RESULTS: The study included 56 patients (56 eyes). The lowest MAE was achieved using the simple algorithm (0.31 ± 0.55 mm), followed by the AL of the fellow eye measured via IOL Master (0.34 ± 0.60 mm), and the advanced algorithm (0.36 ± 0.62 mm). A Kruskal-Wallis H test found no statistically significant difference in MAE across the five methods (P = 0.118). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated good agreement between preoperative and postoperative AL measurements obtained with the IOL Master.

CONCLUSION: For patients undergoing phacovitrectomy for macula-off RRD, the simple algorithm provides accurate AL estimation for IOL power calculation. In cases where AL measurement of the affected eye is not feasible using the IOL Master, the fellow eye’s AL is a reliable alternative.

PMID:40176153 | DOI:10.1186/s40942-025-00666-5

Int Breastfeed J. 2025 Apr 2;20(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13006-025-00716-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first 6 months and breastfeeding up to 24 months in all mothers, regardless of HIV status, in high HIV prevalence settings of South Africa is not frequently evaluated. This study aimed to describe practices of EBF and breastfeeding beyond 12 months, compare these between HIV exposed (HE(s)) and unexposed infants (HU(s)), and determine associated factors.

METHODS: A secondary objective analysis of data from a cross-sectional study conducted during September-December-2019 in a rural South African district, was performed. Mothers living with HIV (MLHIV) paired with their infants in the following age groups: 0 to 3, > 3 to 6, > 6 to 12, and > 12 to 24 months; and mother-infant pairs without HIV with infants aged > 3 to 6 months and > 12 to 24 months, were enrolled. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable binomial regression were used for analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 771 mother-infant pairs, 62% being MLHIV, were enrolled. Among HEs (including 10 living with HIV), the prevalence of EBF was 41.0% and 16.7% in 0-3, and, 3-6 months age-groups, respectively, and breastfeeding prevalence was 19% in 12-24 months age-group. Among HUs, the prevalence of EBF was 7.9% among 3-6 months old and breastfeeding prevalence was 38.0% among > 12-24 months old. Overall, 79.8% and 45.5% HUs and HEs aged 3-6 months were still breastfeeding, respectively. HEs were more likely to exclusively breastfeed at 3-6 months age compared to HUs (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55, 9.53). Breastfeeding practice at 12-24 months age was significantly less likely among HEs (versus HUs) and in infants with unmarried/non-cohabiting mothers (versus married/co-habiting) (aPR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27, 0.63 and aPR 0.66; 95% CI 0.47, 0.92), respectively). Among HEs, breastfeeding beyond 6 months was more likely among MLHIV with known HIV-negative male partners (versus known HIV concordant relationships).

CONCLUSION: In this study population, EBF was comparably more likely among HEs while breastfeeding beyond 12 months was more likely among HUs. Maternal marital status, frequency of antenatal care attendance and male partner’s HIV status also influenced breastfeeding practice. Overall, there is still room for improvement regardless of infant HIV status, requiring continued client-sensitive strengthening of the implementation of the recommended breastfeeding practices.

PMID:40176139 | DOI:10.1186/s13006-025-00716-6