Tag: pubmed

Acta Parasitol. 2026 Apr 6;71(2):81. doi: 10.1007/s11686-026-01260-x.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Bats harbor a diverse spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites, including trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths in bats from cave and wetland environments in northern Iran, where bat parasitology remains largely unexplored. The research seeks to expand the regional records of bat parasites and establish a parasitological baseline for future ecological and epidemiological studies.

METHODS: A parasitological survey was conducted on 13 individuals from three bat species (Miniopterus pallidus, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Pipistrellus kuhlii) collected across Guilan Province. Recovered helminths were morphologically examined using statistical measurements, photography, and line drawings. For trematode specimens, molecular characterization was performed by sequencing the 28 S rDNA gene. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian analysis to assess the taxonomic placement of the obtained sequences.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 61.5%. Morphological and molecular analyses revealed the presence of three trematode species belonging to the family Lecithodendriidae (Pycnoporus heteroporus, Pycnoporus sp., and an undetermined species) and one species from Plagiorchiidae, Plagiorchis koreanus. Two additional specimens were tentatively identified as Plagiorchis sp. based on morphology. Two nematode species, Molinostrongylus ornatus and Litomosa chiropterorum, were also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement of the sequenced trematodes, with one sequence clustering with Plagiorchis koreanus and the others forming a distinct clade within the genus Pycnoporus.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals a high prevalence and diversity of helminth parasites in bats from northern Iran, documenting several species not previously reported in the region. These findings provide crucial baseline data on bat-helminth associations in Iran and contribute to broader ecological and parasitological knowledge of bats as hosts. Further surveys across different regions and seasons are recommended to explore host-parasite dynamics and potential zoonotic implications.

PMID:41941035 | DOI:10.1007/s11686-026-01260-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Apr 6;198(5):408. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15258-5.

ABSTRACT

This study presents a statistical analysis of trace elements in dried apricot samples, focusing on health risk assessment using data from packaged and unpackaged products. The mean concentrations of essential metals obtained were as follows: aluminum 5.518 mg/kg, boron 3.892 mg/kg, iron 3.247 mg/kg, and zinc 1.162 mg/kg. Analysis of toxic metal concentrations showed a mean level of 0.209 mg/kg for nickel, followed by lead at 0.083 mg/kg. Arsenic and cadmium were present at lower concentrations (0.005 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively), while vanadium and mercury showed the lowest mean concentrations, at 0.0005 and 0.0004 mg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that the highest concentration among the measured elements was related to aluminum, and the lowest concentration was related to mercury. These findings have implications for Monte Carlo simulations to quantify potential health risks and emphasize the need to monitor toxic metal levels in dried fruit products. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the dietary exposure to toxic metals from dried apricots posed no significant health risk. The calculated target hazard quotients (THQ) were below 1, indicating negligible noncarcinogenic risk, while the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) fell within the acceptable range (< 1 × 10⁻⁴) for both adults and children. In conclusion, dried apricots provide safe nutritional benefits of essential metals with minimal toxic risks at moderate intake, which requires ongoing monitoring and sustainable practices for optimal health safety.

PMID:41941027 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15258-5

Int Ophthalmol. 2026 Apr 6;46(1):191. doi: 10.1007/s10792-026-04057-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Yamane technique for sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens (YTSFIOL) implantation is an established option for visual rehabilitation in eyes without capsular support. However, evidence on ultra-short-term refractive outcomes and the influence of different vitreous management strategies remains limited.

METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included consecutive adult patients who underwent YTSFIOL implantation by a single surgeon at a tertiary centre. Ultra-short-term outcomes were defined as visual and refractive outcomes assessed at six weeks postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalence (SE), refractive astigmatism, and corneal astigmatism were analysed and compared between eyes that underwent anterior vitrectomy (AV) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes of 30 patients were included. Mean BCVA improved significantly from 0.25 ± 0.24 logMAR preoperatively to 0.14 ± 0.10 logMAR at six weeks postoperatively (p = 0.041). Mean SE improved from + 4.83 ± 7.39 D to – 0.70 ± 0.90 D (p < 0.001). Both refractive and corneal astigmatism increased significantly at six weeks. No statistically significant differences were observed between AV and PPV groups in postoperative BCVA, SE, refractive astigmatism, corneal astigmatism, or SE prediction error (all p > 0.05). Early postoperative complication rates were comparable between groups (p = 0.335).

CONCLUSION: YTSFIOL implantation provides significant improvement in visual acuity and predictable refractive outcomes as early as six weeks postoperatively, irrespective of vitreous management strategy.

PMID:41941014 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-026-04057-z

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Apr 6;198(5):409. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15293-2.

ABSTRACT

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution of reclamation soils is becoming an important issue in coal mining subsidence areas due to its impacts on environment and human health. To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution, pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation, ecological and health risk of the soils under different reclamation modes in coal mining subsidence areas, 126 soil samples and 42 crop samples were collected and analyzed from coal gangue filling areas (CG), lake sediment filling areas (LS) and land leveling areas (LL). While the results showed that PTEs concentrations were lower than the soil environment quality risk control standard-indicating a low risk of soil pollution for this agricultural land-the levels of heavy metals in the three reclamation areas all exceeded, to varying degrees, the background values for Jiangsu Province. This exceedance of the background levels still poses an ecological risk. The distributions in the soil profile of PTEs had no obvious regularity and the PTEs concentrations also fluctuated irregularly with the extension of the reclamation time. The Cd and Hg were in “moderate pollution” while other analyzed metals were in “no pollution to medium pollution” based on the mean values of I_geo. Soil PTEs pollution status followed the sequence of CG (PLI = 1.85) > LS (PLI = 1.55) > LL (PLI = 0.97). Meanwhile, the results of the RI revealed that the CG, LS, and LL area were ecologically in “considerable risk” (RI: 535.97 to 314.57), “moderate risk” (RI: 218.90 to 51.71), and “low risk” (RI: 126.33 to 59.11). In addition, crops had a strong enrichment capacity for Cd, and Hg in the CG, LS, and LL areas. Health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risks were not expected for adults while the children were prone to non-carcinogenic health risks. The new exploration can provide some insight into the contamination characteristics, ecological and human health risk of soil PTEs under different reclamation modes, which is useful for soil pollution prevention and reclamation planning.

PMID:41941010 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15293-2

Eur J Pediatr. 2026 Apr 6;185(5):237. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-06809-6.

ABSTRACT

A novel evaluation of the acceptability of screening and mass screening for celiac disease (CD) in young children at the Preventive Youth Health Care Centres (YHCCs) in the Netherlands. Children aged 1-4 years attending the YHCC Kennemerland region were screened for CD-related symptoms. Symptomatic children were offered a point-of-care (POC) test for CD antibodies. Parents of both symptomatic and asymptomatic children received tailored questionnaires assessing opinions on case finding and mass screening and about distress and anxiety. Parents of POC-positive children received follow-up questionnaires during diagnosis. Questionnaires were completed for 1070 asymptomatic children, 1095 symptomatic participants, and 653 symptomatic non-participants. Sixty-one children tested POC-positive; 39 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Reported distress and anxiety were mild, mainly after a positive POC result. Among parents who refused testing, 32% (80/248) cited practical obstacles. Of those who accepted, 88% would participate again in the future. Overall, 87% considered mass screening a good idea, but only 68% (2125/3111) would allow participation of their asymptomatic child.Conclusion: Active case finding and mass screening for CD is well accepted in the Dutch population, with limited distress for parents and children. Reducing practical barriers is essential for successful implementation.

PMID:41940984 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-026-06809-6

Clin Exp Med. 2026 Apr 6. doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02119-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41940982 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-026-02119-1

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2026 Apr 6. doi: 10.1007/s00261-026-05494-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) at 40 keV improves iodine attenuation in colon cancer CT but is constrained by severe image noise. Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) may address this limitation, but its effect on anatomical edge preservation across multiple targets requires investigation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of DLIR on objective and subjective image quality of 40-keV VMIs in colon adenocarcinoma, with emphasis on the trade-off between noise reduction and edge definition.

METHODS: In this completed retrospective study (patient enrollment window: May 2024 to February 2025), 60 patients (mean age, 62.8 years ± 15.1; 34 men) with confirmed colon adenocarcinoma underwent dual-energy CT using a low-iodine protocol (1.0 mL/kg). Portal venous phase data were reconstructed at 40 keV using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) 50%, medium-strength DLIR (DLIR-M), and high-strength DLIR (DLIR-H). Objective metrics, including contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge rise distance (ERD), and edge rise slope (ERS), were measured. Two radiologists independently scored five qualitative categories, including regional lymph node visualization, using a 5-point Likert scale.

RESULTS: DLIR-H yielded the lowest image noise and highest CNR across all anatomical targets compared with DLIR-M and ASIR-V 50% (all P < 0.001). For colon tumors, the CNR of DLIR-H (5.4 ± 2.2) was 80% higher than that of ASIR-V 50% (3.0 ± 1.1, P < 0.001). Although ASIR-V 50% maintained a higher ERS than DLIR-H (median, 108.3 vs. 101.5 HU/mm; P < 0.001), the ERD remained highly stable across all algorithms (median, 2.5 mm; pairwise P > 0.05). Subjectively, DLIR-H received the highest scores for overall image quality and regional lymph node visualization (median, 5.0 and 4.5, respectively, vs. 3.0 for both in ASIR-V 50%; all P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In 40-keV virtual monoenergetic CT of colon cancer, DLIR-H significantly improves objective and subjective image quality for tumors, vessels, and lymph nodes. While a minor objective edge-smoothing effect exists, DLIR-H provides an optimal balance between robust noise suppression and anatomical clarity. Although these findings suggest the potential to facilitate low-iodine spectral protocols, future diagnostic accuracy trials are required to confirm their true clinical impact.

PMID:41940980 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-026-05494-1

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 6. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12428-4. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41940959 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12428-4

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.

METHODS: To comprehensively understand the pathogenic mechanisms and improve the performance of clinical early, precise diagnosis, this study proposed a data-driven approach for biomarker discovery based on U-centered distance correlation network (DCN) to investigate NSCLC metabolism-related reactions. In DCN, changes in molecular relationships during NSCLC initiation and progression are measured using the t-statistics of U-centered distance correlation for network construction, in which prospective warning signals representing NSCLC onset can be identified without human intervention. Additionally, the network construction criterion in DCN can precisely and effectively capture both linear and nonlinear molecular relationships in simple and biologically relevant manners.

RESULTS: DCN was successfully employed to analyze NSCLC metabolism-related metabolomics and genomics datasets. Statistical analyses confirmed that compared with other algorithms, the gene and metabolite biomarker panels identified by DCN provided more reliable diagnostic capabilities for clinical NSCLC detection. Biological analyses revealed that disturbed energy metabolism and lipid metabolism occurred during tumor cell proliferation and growth in NSCLC patients.

DISCUSSION: The gene ASPA and metabolite aspartic acid were significantly decreased in NSCLC samples, suggesting that the corresponding amino acid metabolic activities were intricately linked to NSCLC progression.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that DCN can further facilitate NSCLC studies to improve clinical outcomes in patients.

PMID:41937706 | DOI:10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109

Anim Genet. 2026 Apr;57(2):e70092. doi: 10.1002/age.70092.

ABSTRACT

Oyster pompano (Trachinotus anak) is a commercially valuable marine species widely farmed in Southeast Asia, yet growth heterogeneity remains a persistent challenge in cage aquaculture. To investigate whether body weight influences the intestinal microbiota of this species, we compared the gut microbial communities of small and large T. anak using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) and Mycoplasmatota, together accounting for nearly 80% of total sequences, with additional contributions from minor phyla such as Spirochaetota, Thermodesulfo bacteriota, and Bacteroidota. While alpha- and beta-diversity analyses revealed no significant differences between groups, community composition and structure varied. Smaller fish harbored a more heterogeneous assemblage at the class level and a broader suite of core taxa, including Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bdellovibrio, and Comamonas. In contrast, larger fish were dominated by fewer classes, with Photobacterium and Brevinema emerging as distinctive core members. LEfSe analysis identified discriminant taxa between groups, although these trends were not statistically significant after multiple-testing correction. Network analysis highlighted striking differences in microbial interactions: smaller fish exhibited highly modular, densely connected networks with potential keystone taxa such as Paracidovorax and Ensifer, whereas larger fish displayed simpler, less structured networks indicative of reduced ecological stability. Together, these findings demonstrate that body weight is associated with subtle but ecologically meaningful shifts in microbiota composition, core membership, and interaction networks in cage-cultured T. anak. This work underscores the potential of microbiome-informed management strategies to mitigate growth variability and enhance the sustainability of marine aquaculture.

PMID:41937700 | DOI:10.1002/age.70092