Tag: pubmed

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11517. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96592-5.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the prognostic value of the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) combined with the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) for postoperative survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and developed a nomogram for survival prediction. A total of 650 CRC patients who underwent radical surgery were included, with data from one institution used as the training set. The optimal cut-off values for PIV (426.8) and AGR (1.4) were determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the low-PIV group had significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS) compared to the high-PIV group, while those in the high-AGR group had better 5-year OS than those in the low-AGR group. Multivariate analysis identified age, N stage, degree of differentiation, PIV, and AGR as independent prognostic factors for OS. A nomogram for OS was developed and validated, demonstrating robust predictive performance. This study highlights the value of PIV and AGR as reliable indicators for predicting OS in CRC patients, with high PIV and low AGR associated with worse prognosis. Timely interventions may improve patient outcomes.

PMID:40181140 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96592-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96394-9.

ABSTRACT

Analyzing the trend and identifying the factors influencing the utilization of modern contraceptives is essential for designing effective measures to improve reproductive health and economic development to ensure universal access to family planning services. This study aimed to investigate the trends in modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia and the factors influencing these trends. Data from the 2014 to 2019 Performance Monitoring and Accountability/Action Survey datasets were analyzed, with 4422 women in 2014, 5113 in 2015, 5071 in 2016, 4927 in 2017, 4981 in 2018, and 6117 in 2019 included. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 16.0 statistical software. Given the sample disproportionality, survey design considerations were taken into account by applying probability weights. The sample weight was utilized with weighting factors provided in the PMA data to address the complex survey design. The ‘svy’ Stata command was applied to consider the clustering effect before descriptive statistical analysis. The trend was examined based on selected characteristics, with the primary statistical parameter being the trend of modern contraceptive utilization. The trends of modern contraceptive utilization for each year from 2014 to 2019 were calculated. Then, logit-based decomposition analysis was used to identify the factors driving changes in modern contraceptive utilization. Statistical significance was determined at a P value of less than 0.05, and results were presented as decomposition coefficients and percentages. Additionally, we conducted data smoothing to predict the future trend of modern contraceptive utilization and did not visually observe a distinct trend. We explored different time-series models such as linear, quadratic, exponential, and exponential smoothing. The results showed that the exponential smoothing trend model provided the most accurate fit, with the lowest standard error of estimate, sum square error, and highest adjusted R² value. The modern contraceptive utilization trend increased from 32.5% in 2014 to 37% in 2019, with 5.94% and 94.06% attributed to changes in composition and behavior, respectively. Changes in composition were influenced by factors such as women’s age, marital status, education level, community lifestyle, and number of children. Meanwhile, changes in behavior among educated women, those aged 35-49, with a certain number of children, and living an agrarian lifestyle contributed to the change in modern contraceptive use. The most significant increase in modern contraceptive methods mix during this timeframe was noted in the adoption of implants. The future trend in modern contraceptive use can be described by the formula: modern contraceptive utilization = 32.5 + 1.3 (coded year) – 0.099 (squared coded year), with an adjusted R² value of 0.99 and a P value of 0.027. It suggests that the exponential smoothing trend can explain nearly 99% of the variation in modern contraceptive utilization. Over the past 6 years, population composition and behavior changes have driven a noticeable increase in modern contraceptive utilization. In Ethiopia, it is essential to target interventions toward advancing-age women, those women with no children, and women belonging to pastoralist communities to enhance contraceptive utilization rates further. Further, focusing on behavioral interventions and education to increase modern contraceptive use rather than solely targeting demographic changes is imperative.

PMID:40181136 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96394-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11430. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94783-8.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across different categories of steatotic liver disease (SLD). Using a health examination database between 2009 and 2012, this study included 2,480,880 patients. Participants were categorized into five groups based on hepatic steatosis (fatty liver index ≥ 60), cardiometabolic risk factors, and alcohol consumption. Cox regression analyses were performed. The metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) group showed an increased risk of new-onset AF (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.11). The MASLD with other combined group demonstrated increased AF development (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.26). In metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related steatotic liver disease (MetALD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) with metabolic groups, heavy to excessive alcohol consumption increased the risk of AF incidence, with the highest aHR associated with greater alcohol intake (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22-1.29, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41-1.55). MASLD increased the risk of AF in patients with T2DM, with a higher risk observed when accompanied by other liver diseases. Alcohol consumption was associated with proportional increase in the risk of AF, with excessive alcohol consumption associated with the highest risk of AF.

PMID:40181094 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-94783-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11420. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96182-5.

ABSTRACT

How do we interact with our environment and make decisions about the world around us? Empirical research using psychophysical tasks has demonstrated that our perceptual decisions are influenced by past choices, a phenomenon known as the “choice history bias” effect. This decision-making process suggests that the brain adapts to environmental uncertainties based on history. However, single-subject experiment task design is prevalent across the work on choice history bias, thus limiting the implications of the empirical evidence to individual decisions. Here, we explore the choice history bias effect using a dual-participant approach, where dyads perform a shared perceptual decision-making task. We first propose two competing hypotheses: the participants equally weigh their own and their partner’s decision history, or the participants do not weigh equally their own and their partner’s decision history. We then use a statistical modeling approach to fit generalized linear models to the choice data in a series of steps and arrive at a model that best fits the observed data. Our results indicated that the own and partner’s trial history cannot be treated independently. The findings suggest an interaction of actor and decision at 1-back, leading to a choice alternation bias after a partner’s decision in contrast to a choice repetition bias after an own decision. A similar effect is observed at 2-back, in addition to an additive choice repetition bias of similar size. The effects of actor and decision at 2-back do not depend on the properties of the 1-back trial. Together, these findings support the idea that the participants do not ignore their partner’s decisions but treat these qualitatively differently from their own.

PMID:40181067 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96182-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96043-1.

ABSTRACT

Accurate estimation techniques are crucial in statistical modeling and reliability analysis, which have significant applications across various industries. The three-parameter Weibull distribution is a widely used tool in this context, but traditional estimation methods often struggle with outliers, resulting in unreliable parameter estimates. To address this issue, our study introduces a robust estimation technique for the three-parameter Weibull distribution, leveraging the probability integral transform and specifically employing the Weibull survival function for the transformation, with a focus on complete data. This method is designed to enhance robustness while maintaining computational simplicity, making it easy to implement. Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness and resilience of our proposed estimator in the presence of outliers. The findings indicate that this new technique significantly improves the accuracy of Weibull parameter estimates, thereby expanding the toolkit available to researchers and practitioners in reliability data analysis. Furthermore, we apply the proposed method to real-world reliability datasets, confirming its practical utility and effectiveness in overcoming the limitations of existing estimation methodologies in the presence of outliers.

PMID:40181061 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96043-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95640-4.

ABSTRACT

The potential of the sequence in Coronary Angiography (CA) frames for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) has been largely overlooked. Our study aims to reveal the “Sequence Value” embedded within these frames and to explore methods for its application in diagnostics. We conduct a survey via Amazon Mturk (Mechanical Turk) to evaluate the effectiveness of Sequence Restoration Capability in indicating CAD. Furthermore, we develop a self-supervised deep learning model to automatically assess this capability. Additionally, we ensure the robustness of our results by differently selecting coronary angiographies/modules for statistical analysis. Our self-supervised deep learning model achieves an average AUC of 80.1% across five-fold validation, demonstrating robustness against static data noise and efficiency, with calculations completed within 30 s. This study uncovers significant insights into CAD diagnosis through the sequence value in coronary angiography. We successfully illustrate methodologies for harnessing this potential, contributing valuable knowledge to the field.

PMID:40181050 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-95640-4

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11426. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94482-4.

ABSTRACT

Greenwashing-the deliberate exaggeration or fabrication of environmental claims-undermines trust, disrupts transparency, and poses a significant barrier to genuine progress toward sustainability. This scenario-based experimental study examines whether purchasing managers, key stakeholders in organizational procurement, can reliably differentiate between greenwashed and certified sustainable products. Using three carefully designed purchasing scenarios-laptops, safety gloves, and copy paper-responses were collected from 465 purchasing managers across the EU, a region notable for its regulatory emphasis on eco-certifications. The findings reveal no statistically significant differences in willingness to pay (WTP) for products with greenwashed claims versus those backed by stringent certifications, with average WTP values varying only slightly between groups. These findings highlight a critical vulnerability to greenwashing, even among experienced professionals, raising concerns about the credibility of sustainability claims in influencing procurement decisions. The study underscores the need for systemic reforms, including the standardization of certification systems and enhanced decision-making tools, to mitigate greenwashing’s pervasive impact and foster authentic corporate sustainability.

PMID:40181012 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-94482-4

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11400. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90987-0.

ABSTRACT

The role of sodium supplements and sex in the occurrence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) remains controversial. This study investigated hydration status in ultrarunners (19 males and 9 females) who completed seven marathons over seven consecutive days. Due to the limited number of female participants, no statistical comparison between sexes was performed. Plasma sodium concentration ([Na⁺]) and multiple hydration markers were assessed before, during, and after the race. Reported sodium supplement consumption showed no association with plasma [Na⁺]. An overall decline in plasma [Na⁺] was observed in females (regression slope = -1.278, p = 0.02) across the event, whereas no significant change was detected in males (slope = -0.325, p = 0.57). Additionally, no significant associations were found between plasma [Na⁺] and other monitored variables, including sodium supplement intake, pre-race hydration strategy, body mass, total body water, plasma osmolality, hematocrit, hemoglobin, urine specific gravity, urinary [Na⁺], thirst rating, or fluid intake reported pre-, during, and post-stage. No cases of symptomatic or asymptomatic hyponatremia were identified, suggesting that total fluid and sodium intake were adequate to maintain fluid-electrolyte balance and prevent EAH in both sexes.

PMID:40181011 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-90987-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89744-0.

ABSTRACT

The use of multimodal analgesia is a common practice in clinical settings, where a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action is used to enhance the effectiveness of an analgesic and reduce its adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol with alternate administration in the management of postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. A single-center, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial involved 56 patients undergoing scheduled surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients were randomly assigned to either Group A (Control), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg together every 8 h for 48 h, or Group B (Study), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg alternatively every 4 h for 48 h. The primary outcome measure was the intensity of postoperative pain, which was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome measure was the timing of the onset of the analgesic effect, the duration of pain relief, the frequency of rescue drug administration, and the time interval between taking the recommended medication and the need for rescue medication. Investigators involved in analyzing the patients’ responses were blinded to the pain control regime used by the participants. Pain intensity during the first 48 h after the extractions showed that most participants experienced “some pain,” including 50% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. The percentage of patients reporting “no pain” was higher in group B than in group A, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.495). More than half of the participants (53%) in group A reported needing an extra dose in the 48-hour follow-up period, while 85% in group B reported pain relief (p = 0.002). When correlating the mean pain score to the complexity level, in patients with moderate complexity of extraction, higher pain scores were recorded in group B. The findings of this study show that the combination of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen are well-tolerated and effective option for post operative pain after surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Use of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen alternatively in the first 48 h showed a more effective pain control compared to concurrent use of these medications. However given the small sample size and patients recruited from a single center, multicenter studies with a bigger sample size and stratified complexity groups would enhance the generalizability of the findings.This trial protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT06514222 dated 23/07/2024).

PMID:40181005 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-89744-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94591-0.

ABSTRACT

To explore whether Methamphetamine-related disorders (MRDs) will cause the risk of cardiomyopathy in the future. This study used Taiwan’s Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database (LGTD) to conduct a 1:4 paired analysis of sex, age, and inclusion year. 17,071 patients with MRDs and 153 patients with cardiomyopathy were selected; 68,264 patients without MRDs and 274 patients with cardiomyopathy were also selected. This study used SPSS 22 statistical software to conduct Cox regression analysis. Patients with MRDs had a 3.421-folds higher risk of cardiomyopathy than patients without MRDs. Men have a 0.735-fold lower risk of developing cardiomyopathy than women. In terms of age group, aged 50-64 and ≧ 65 have a 1.145- and 1.332-folds higher risk of cardiomyopathy, respectively, compared to those aged 20-49. For each one-point increase in Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the risk of cardiomyopathy rises by 58.3%. Specifically, for three types of Methamphetamines (Methamphetamine and other psychostimulant dependence, Methamphetamine or related acting sympathomimetic abuse, Methamphetamine psychosis), the HR for cardiomyopathy in patients with MRDs was 3.864 (p < 0.001), 2.916 (p < 0.001), and 2.295 (p = 0.016) times higher, respectively, compared to patients without MRDs. The Kaplan-Meier log-rank test was used to calculate the cumulative risk of MRDs, showing a significant difference in the cumulative cardiomyopathy incidence between the MRDs and non-MRDs groups (long-rank test, p < 0.001). MRDs will increase the risk of cardiomyopathy. Women are more susceptible to cardiomyopathy than men, and the risk escalates for individuals aged 50-64 and those 65 years or older, compared to the 20-49-year age group. Additionally, an increase in the CCI correlates with a heightened risk of cardiomyopathy. There are important differences between these groups in terms of duration, frequency, and severity of use, with longer exposure and more frequent use increasing the risk of dependence and psychosis, but individual susceptibility, dose, and use patterns also play key roles.

PMID:40180980 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-94591-0