Tag: pubmed

Odontology. 2025 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01253-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comprising 90% of oral malignancies, poses a global health challenge due to late detection and aggressive progression. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), detectable via liquid biopsy, offers a non-invasive alternative for monitoring, prognosis, and treatment response in OSCC. To evaluate ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in OSCC, the levels of ctDNA with tumor stage, treatment response, survival rates, and demographic characteristics were monitored. A 3-year follow-up study recruited 94 OSCC patients from four hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected at four time intervals i.e., diagnosis, post-surgery, post-treatment, and during follow-up. ctDNA was extracted and quantified. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards model, were conducted to assess the association of ctDNA levels with clinical and demographic variables and treatment response. The mean ctDNA level of the whole cohort was highest before surgery (37.52 ± 8.71 ng/ml) and decreased significantly after surgery (31.93 ± 8.46 ng/ml), post-treatment (25.89 ± 8.38 ng/ml), and at follow-up (20.37 ± 10.31 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Overall survival of patients with high ctDNA levels had poorer survival (median: 15 months) compared to those with low levels (median: 25 months; p = 0.025). Cox regression analysis showed low ctDNA levels were associated with a 66% reduced risk of mortality (HR: 0.34, p = 0.031). ctDNA levels correlated significantly with metastasis and treatment type, but not with tumor grade, stage, or demographics. We believe this study is the largest cohort of OSCC patients from Pakistan with follow-up and treatment data. ctDNA serves as a valuable non-invasive prognostic biomarker for monitoring tumor burden, assessing treatment response, and predicting survival in OSCC patients.

PMID:41217672 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01253-8

Geroscience. 2025 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01990-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Epigenetic clocks are increasingly proposed as surrogate endpoints in aging trials, yet their short-term behavior in healthy older adults is not well characterized. We analyzed DNA methylation at baseline, year 1, and year 2 in 899 COSMOS-Blood participants (mean age 70.0; 50% women), deriving Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge clocks (original and principal component [PC] versions) and DunedinPACE. Epigenetic age acceleration was computed by regressing each clock on chronological age. Chronological age was independent of epigenetic age acceleration and DunedinPACE. PC clocks exhibited substantially smaller 2-year change variance than original clocks, indicating greater measurement stability. Linear mixed-effects models showed statistically detectable but numerically small annual epigenetic age acceleration increases for several PC clocks (e.g., PC Horvath + 0.14 year/year; PC GrimAge + 0.16 year/year), whereas DunedinPACE did not change significantly. Baseline values strongly predicted the same measure at years 1 and 2 (R² ≈ 0.71-0.88 for PC clocks). Tertile trajectories were largely stable, and first-year increases tended to be followed by second-year decreases, consistent with regression to the mean. Overall, current epigenetic measures, particularly PC clocks, appear stable on average and highly predictable over 2 years in generally healthy older adults, implying limited sensitivity to short-term change. These empirical SDs and strong baseline-follow-up correlations support ANCOVA-based analytic methods for future trials, and the study provides information for the power calculation.

PMID:41217671 | DOI:10.1007/s11357-025-01990-2

J Robot Surg. 2025 Nov 11;20(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02960-8.

ABSTRACT

Intraoperative hypothermia (IOH) is a prevalent perioperative complication.Although the use of robotic surgery in addressing colorectal cancer has seen a notable upward trend in recent clinical practice, its particularity increases the risk of IOH. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the relationship between robotic colorectal cancer surgery (RCRC) and IOH. We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent RCRC at Jiangsu North People’s Hospital from October 2019 to February 2025. Data regarding intraoperative core temperature and potential influencing factors was collected to probe into the risk factors of IOH in patients undergoing RCRC surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using weighted logistic regression and linear models, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) adopted to detect possible non-linear associations, and subgroup analyses carried out as well. A total of 452 patients were included; IOH was observed in 218 patients (incidence rate, 0.48). Results from univariate and multivariate analyses showed that higher BMI and preoperative body temperature were protective factors against IOH (OR = 0.834, 95% CI: 0.657-0.952, P = 0.012; OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.432-0.858, P = 0.018). ASA physical status and operative time were risk factors for IOH (OR = 5.359, 95% CI: 1.680-9.378, P = 0.044; OR = 2.132, 95% CI: 1.123-6.230, P = 0.038). Upon analyzing preoperative body temperature through quartiles, a significant negative correlation was identified between preoperative body temperature and IOH in Quartile 4 (36.6-37.5 ℃). The odds ratio (OR) values were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.97), 0.64 ((95% CI: 0.53-0.83), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55-0.85) for Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with corresponding P-values of 0.024, 0.028, and 0.018. RCS highlighted a significant negative non-linear association (nonlinear test P = 0.017, consistent with the described P = 0.019). Below 36.5 ℃, for every 0.1 ℃ decrease, the risk of IOH increased by 13.5% (OR = 1.365, 95% CI: 1.021-1.430). No significant interaction phenomena were detected in any of the subgroups. In the present study focusing on patients who underwent RCRC surgery, there was an L-shaped non-linear relationship between preoperative body temperature and IOH, with the inflection point approaching 36.5 ℃. The integration of RCS and subgroup analyses enhances the depth of our findings, providing valuable insights for preventing perioperative IOH in patients undergoing RCRC.

PMID:41217660 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-02960-8

Methods Mol Biol. 2025 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/7651_2025_676. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

High-throughput drug testing combined with synergy evaluation in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) represents a robust methodological approach to identify effective therapeutic combinations. PDOs retain tumor heterogeneity and the three-dimensional microenvironment, offering a physiologically relevant platform for rational drug testing. In this chapter, we provide a methodological guide to synergy testing in PDOs, including experimental design, statistical frameworks, and troubleshooting strategies. Emphasis is placed on practical aspects of drug combination screening, interpretation of synergy scores, and considerations for reproducibility. This practical guide aims to support researchers in applying organoid-based synergy assays as a translational tool in oncology.

PMID:41217623 | DOI:10.1007/7651_2025_676

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2025 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s10557-025-07807-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Anemia is common among women undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), yet remains under-addressed in contemporary ACC/AHA guidelines. We evaluated the association between baseline anemia and short- and long-term outcomes after PCI.

METHODS: Using the TriNetX federated electronic health record network, we identified women undergoing first-time elective PCI and compared anemic vs. non-anemic patients. One-to-one propensity score matching yielded N = 1,153 per group, balancing demographics, comorbidities, medications, and labs. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 7 days, 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months, and included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute kidney injury (AKI), stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, transfusion requirements, all-cause hospitalization, in-stent restenosis, stent thrombosis, and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: At 7 days post-procedure, baseline anemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI (HR 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.5; p = 0.03), major bleeding events (HR 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.5; p < 0.01), and transfusion requirements (HR 9.1; 95% CI, 2.1-39.2; p < 0.01). Notably, all 7-day mortality events occurred in the anemic cohort (0.9% vs. 0.0%). By 30 days, patients with anemia continued to demonstrate higher rates of AKI, major bleeding, and transfusion needs. At 12 months, these risks persisted and, in some cases, widened. Anemia was independently associated with increased rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (HR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; p = 0.01), AKI (HR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.5; p < 0.01), all-cause hospitalization (HR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (HR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8; p < 0.01). Differences in stroke or TIA rates were not statistically significant, and the incidence of stent thrombosis or restenosis was comparable between anemic and non-anemic groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Among women undergoing elective PCI, baseline anemia emerged as a strong predictor of adverse outcomes, spanning early kidney/bleeding complications and sustained increases in MACE, hospitalizations, and mortality over one year, without clear differences in stent-related events. These data support integrating anemia into pre-PCI risk assessment and motivate randomized trials of pre-procedural anemia optimization.

PMID:41217611 | DOI:10.1007/s10557-025-07807-w

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02727-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The specific association between arthritis and kidney stones was still indistinct and lacked comprehensiveness. The study was to explore this association between them, including racial-ethnic disparities.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 26,442 participants (unweighted) from 2007 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main outcome was the risk of kidney stones. Arthritis and its types were the exposure. The outcome and exposures were based on self-report questionnaire. Specific associations were assessed by weighted logistic regression and sensitivity analyses based on complex sample designs. The subgroup and interaction analysis were performed to probe differences in the races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Mexican American, Other Hispanics, and other races).

RESULTS: This study recruited 26,442 participants (unweighted), of which 2,526 participants (unweighted) had kidney stone (weighted, 9.9%) while 23,916 participants (unweighted) did not, and 7,284 participants (unweighted) had arthritis (weighted, 25.9%) while 19,158 participants (unweighted) did not. In all models, individuals with arthritis tend to have a higher risk of kidney stone. In fully adjusted models, a positive association was suggested between the risk of kidney stone and arthritis (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.40-1.86), rheumatoid arthritis (OR:1.93, 95%CI:1.54-2.43), osteoarthritis/degenerative arthritis (OR:1.55, 95%CI:1.29-1.86), and other arthritis (OR:1.56, 95%CI:1.30-1.88). These associations had interactive effects in different races/ethnicities (P for interaction < 0.01). In the races/ethnicities subgroups, though there are positive associations in all groups, only the non-Hispanic Whites had a significant positive association between the risk of kidney stone and rheumatoid arthritis (OR:2.04, 95%CI:1.54-2.70). Other races had the highest positive association between the risk of kidney stone and arthritis (OR:3.32, 95%CI:1.94-5.69), osteoarthritis (OR:3.47, 95%CI:1.98-6.09), and other arthritis (OR:3.77, 95%CI:1.88-7.55), followed by the non-Hispanic Blacks.

CONCLUSIONS: Arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis/degenerative arthritis, and other arthritis were significantly and positively associated with kidney stone risk. These associations existed in interactive effects on different races/ethnicities. Cross-sectional nature prevents causal inference in this study.

PMID:41217608 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02727-9

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2025 Nov 11;15(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cannabis use has increased substantially worldwide, yet its association with inflammatory eye diseases remains poorly understood. This study evaluated whether cannabis users have higher risk of developing uveitis and related inflammatory ocular conditions compared to non-users.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network database. Adult patients with documented cannabis-related disorders were propensity score-matched 1:1 to patients with no cannabis use, excluding individuals with prior diagnoses that could independently cause uveitis. The primary outcome was the incidence of any uveitis. Secondary outcomes included specific uveitis subtypes, retinal vasculitis, and choroidal degeneration, assessed starting 1 year after cohort entry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models compared outcomes between groups.

RESULTS: After propensity matching, 1,156,655 cannabis users were compared with 1,156,655 matched non-users. Cannabis use was associated with significantly increased risk of any uveitis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-1.95, p < 0.0001). Specific uveitic conditions showed higher relative risks: panuveitis demonstrated the strongest association (HR 3.64, 95% CI 2.24-5.91, p < 0.0001), followed by choroidal degeneration (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.74-6.23, p < 0.0001) and retinal vasculitis (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.81-5.89, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use was associated with statistically and clinically significant increased risk of ocular inflammatory diseases, particularly those affecting the posterior eye segment. These findings have important implications for ophthalmologic screening and patient counseling as cannabis use becomes more widespread.

PMID:41217604 | DOI:10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Nov 11;57(8):485. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04722-y.

ABSTRACT

Since litter is the major source of ammonia gas (NH₃) emission during poultry production, its management is therefore, of a paramount importance. Nutritional incorporation of sodium bentonite and litter treatment with aluminum sulfate are major option for enhancing litter quality for the purpose of curtailing ammonia gas production which still remain a veritable threat to productivity of birds. The study aimed to assess the impact of nanoclay (sodium bentonite) in the feed and aluminum sulfate in the litter on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, and litter chemistry of Nigerian Noiler cockerel birds. A total of 360 Nigerian Noiler cockerels (8 weeks old) weighing between 1050 and 1067 g, were assigned to six treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications of 10 birds each. Sodium bentonite (NaB) was utilized at levels (0, 15, and 30 g/kg), whereas litter was treated with aluminum sulfate at two levels (0 and 400 g/3 kg of litter). The treatments administered comprised: T1: 0 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T2: 15 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T3: 30 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T4: 0 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter, T5: 15 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter, T6: 30 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter. The results indicated that birds fed sodium bentonite and housed on litter treated with aluminum sulfate exhibited superior (P < 0.05) weight increase, lower FCR and reduced feed costs per kg gain compared to the control group. Birds on T5 had the greatest feed intake value of 8258.52 g (p < 0.05), comparable to those on T4. The weight gain of 2201.91 g noted in birds on T5 was statistically equivalent (p > 0.05) to the 2021.33 g reported in T6, while both values were the highest (p < 0.05) among the treatments. The treated groups exhibited reduced feed conversion ratios (FCR) and feed costs per kg gain relative to the control group’s values of 4.64 and 1273.18 (₦) for both parameters. Serum biochemical indices (protein, albumin, globulin and BUN) showed greater improvement (P < 0.05) in the treated groups relative to the control. The reported litter ammonia gas value of 29.00 ppm observed in control litter was the highest among the treatments. In conclusion, the study observed that sodium bentonite in the diet and litter treated with aluminum sulfate enhanced litter quality without adversely affecting the growth performance and serum biochemical markers of the birds. The study recommended that. 15 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter can be applied by poultry famers foe reducing ammonia emission and improving the productive performance of birds.

PMID:41217587 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04722-y

J Am Coll Health. 2025 Nov 10:1-9. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2025.2581056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur during childhood and increase one’s likelihood to experience negative health outcomes. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to buffer negative affects posed by ACEs on perceived quality of life (QoL). Objective: This research examines how PA may mediate the association between ACEs and poor QoL among college students. The relationship between ACEs exposure and PA engagement is also explored. Participants: 271 actively enrolled college students between 18 and 50 years of age. Methods: By using self-report data, students’ perceived QoL, PA engagement, and exposure to ACEs are quantified. This data was then examined using mediation analyses and statistical tests which explored correlations and comparisons among study variables. Results: Positive associations are seen between ACEs and poor QoL (Direct Effect = 16.2%, p = 0.02), PA did not significantly mediate this relationship. ACEs show a negative relationship with PA (Direct Effect = 11.5%).ACE scores were significantly affected when covariates, namely overweight status and financial stress, were controlled (p = 0.008, p < 0.001). Conclusion: To improve the QoL of college students with ACEs, interventions should focus on weight management and financial stress.

PMID:41214442 | DOI:10.1080/07448481.2025.2581056

NMR Biomed. 2025 Dec;38(12):e70174. doi: 10.1002/nbm.70174.

ABSTRACT

Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 labeled compounds have significantly advanced metabolic research, enabling real-time, non-invasive tracking of metabolic processes in vivo and ex vivo. These techniques are particularly valuable for studying diseases characterized by altered metabolism, such as cancer, but their high cost and technical complexity limit broader adoption. A critical need exists for cost-effective, high-throughput methods to maximize the utility of these tracers in translational research. In this study, we present a 30-channel microcoil receiver array that enables simultaneous metabolic flux measurements across 30 samples using a single HP dissolution. This system represents a significant increase in throughput compared to previous setups. Using a single dissolution of HP [1-¹³C]pyruvate, we demonstrate the system’s ability to detect significant changes in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in acute myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells treated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. This was achieved with high statistical power ( ), despite inter-plate variability in perfusion rates of HP pyruvate. This work establishes a new benchmark for high-throughput HP technologies, achieving high statistical power per pyruvate dissolution. By addressing key limitations and optimizing current designs, this technology holds potential in translational metabolic research, particularly in resource-intensive applications such as drug screening and disease modeling. Furthermore, the modular design of the microcoil array is adaptable for a variety of sample types, including tissues, organoids, and patient-derived models. This versatility positions the system as a promising tool for translational research in metabolic diseases, extending beyond oncology to conditions such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders.

PMID:41214441 | DOI:10.1002/nbm.70174