Tag: pubmed

J Cancer Educ. 2025 Apr 1. doi: 10.1007/s13187-025-02614-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present work was to conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study that consisted on the assessment of videos published in the social platform TikTok about HPV, and its appearance in the head and neck. The first 100 Spanish-language videos suggested by TikTok were selected, as well as the first 100 videos in English. To assess the reliability of the videos, the Modified DISCERN tool was utilized-Global Quality Score (GQS) for quality and modified DISCERN for reliability. Statistically significant differences were found between the variables language, with a significant relationship with objective (p = 0.01), current information (p < 0.01), and balance and objectivity (p = 0.01). The duration of the video was significantly related with the objective (p < 0.01) and clarity and understanding (p < 0.01), but not with other metrics such as the source of information (p = 0.87), or balance and objectivity (p = 0.92). The HPV contents must be verified by experts to avoid the propagation of incorrect information. There is little information available online about the relationship between oropharyngeal cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV), which makes it difficult to access trustworthy and current resources about the subject.

PMID:40167892 | DOI:10.1007/s13187-025-02614-1

EJNMMI Res. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13550-025-01226-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated mid-treatment changes in intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity and quantitative FDG-PET/CT imaging parameters and correlated the changes with treatment outcomes in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients. 114 patients from two independent cohorts underwent baseline and mid-treatment (week 3) FDG-PET. Standardized uptake value maximum (SUV_max), standardized uptake value mean (SUV_mean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesional glycolysis (TLG) were measured. Intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity was quantified as the area under a cumulative SUV-volume histogram curve (AUC-CSH). Baseline and relative change (%∆) in imaging features were correlated to locoregional recurrence free survival (LRRFS) using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Patients were stratified into three risk groups utilising ∆AUC-CSH and known prognostic features, then compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTS: Median follow up was 39 months. 18% of patients developed locoregional recurrence at 2 years. A decrease in heterogeneity (∆AUC-CSH: 24%) was observed mid-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in tumour heterogeneity (AUC-CSH) at baseline (p = 0.134) and change at week 3 (p = 0.306) between p16 positive and p16 negative patients. Baseline imaging features did not correlate to LRRFS. However, ∆MTV (aHR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.06; p < 0.001) and ∆AUC-CSH (aHR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p = 0.004) were correlated to LRRFS. Stratification using ∆AUC-CSH and p16 status into three groups showed significant differences in LRR (2 year LRRFS 94%, 79%, 17%; log rank p < 0.001). Stratification using ∆AUC-CSH and ∆MTV into three groups showed significant differences in LRR (2 year LRRFS 93%, 70%, 17%; log rank p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Mid-treatment changes in intra-tumoural FDG-PET/CT heterogeneity correlated with treatment outcomes in OPSCC and may help with response prediction. These findings suggest potential utility in designing future risk adaptive clinical trials.

PMID:40167887 | DOI:10.1186/s13550-025-01226-6

Pharmacol Rep. 2025 Apr 1. doi: 10.1007/s43440-025-00719-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The lack of information on drug-drug interactions in the pediatric population significantly complicates making effective therapeutic decisions. Our study aimed to analyze the rate and risk factors as well as present potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) specifically for pediatric patients from the pediatric hemato-oncologic unit, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.

METHODS: We conducted a six-month prospective study in which clinical pharmacists examined medical records once a week to look for pDDIs using the Lexicomp^® Drug Interactions Checker. Spearman’s rank coefficient, logistic regression, and the U-Mann-Whitney test were used to identify correlations, analyze risk factors for pDDIs, and compare ALL patients with non-ALL patients, respectively. Recommendations were provided for the D and X pDDIs categories.

RESULTS: We identified 507 pDDIs in 119 screened patients, 388 of which were clinically relevant. Nearly 68% of the patients were exposed to at least one significant interaction. The number of pDDIs was positively correlated with the number of medications (r_s=0.75, p < 0.001), off-label used drugs (r_s=0.42, p < 0.001), comorbidities (r_s=0.21, p = 0.019), and hospitalization length (r_s=0.48, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that at least 7 administered medications (OR = 8.63; 95% CI = 2.92-25.47) and 13 days in the hospital (OR = 3.47; 95% CI = 1.31-9.19) were risk factors for pDDIs. Furthermore, patients treated for ALL represent an at-risk group with a statistically higher number of drugs taken and pDDIs identified.

CONCLUSIONS: Limited data on drug-drug interactions in the pediatric population emphasizes the need for close collaboration between clinical pharmacists and clinicians to improve the safety and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.

PMID:40167877 | DOI:10.1007/s43440-025-00719-4

Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Apr 1;45(1):137. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03511-8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant plasmid heat shock protein 47 small interfering ribonucleic acid (HSP47-siRNA) on fibroblast proliferation and collagenous fibre synthesis in the filtering channel after trabeculectomy in rabbit.

METHODS: The recombinant plasmid HSP47-siRNA was constructed successfully to extract sufficient recombinant plasmids. Furthermore, an animal model of anti-glaucoma surgery in rabbit eyes was created to establish the HSP47-siRNA group, empty vector group, mitomycin C (MMC) group and normal saline group. This study further observed the postoperative eye condition, measured the intraocular pressure and carried out histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis.

RESULTS: At different time points after surgery, there were no significant differences in the comparison of filtering bleb morphology, conjunctival congestion, corneal oedema, inflammation and depth of anterior chamber or lens opacity among the HSP47-siRNA, empty vector, MMC and normal saline groups. Within 7 days after surgery, filtering blebs in all groups were bulged and diffused, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). On day 15 and day 30 after surgery, the upper filtering bleb gradually decreased in the empty vector group and the normal saline group compared with the HSP47-siRNA group (p < 0.01). On day 30 after surgery, flat and pale scar tissues were observed in the surgical area of the empty vector and normal saline groups, whereas functional blebs were still observed in the HSP47-siRNA and MMC groups. Within 7 days after surgery, the intraocular pressure significantly decreased in each group, with a statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: HSP47-siRNA exhibits application potential concerning its effects on anti-scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbit.

PMID:40167871 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-025-03511-8

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Apr 1;48(1):343. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03471-8.

ABSTRACT

External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a mainstay for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) treatment, improving ventricular clearance and reducing mortality but with suboptimal complications and morbidity. Meanwhile, several studies have shown that neuroendoscopic drainage (NED) provides superior results and is a promising therapy. Thus, we aimed to compare NED and EVD in patients with IVH. A systematic literature review was conducted using Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. The primary outcome was shunt dependency. Secondary outcomes were infection, length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, mortality, and functional outcome. Inclusion criteria: studies comparing NED and EVD with predefined outcomes. Exclusion criteria: age < five years. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio 2024.04.1 + 748. Sensitivity analysis was performed with subgroup analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB-2. Of 234 potential articles, 17 met our criteria, involving 1043 patients, with 495 undergoing NED and 548 receiving only EVD. Patients who underwent NED had lower odds of shunt dependency (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.12,0.25; p < 0.001), infection (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.16,0.53; p < 0.001), and mortality at one month (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.20,0.96; p = 0.039) and six months (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.16,0.58; p < 0.001), shorter hospital (MD -6.02; 95% CI -9.58,-2.45; p < 0.001) and ICU stay (MD -6.64; 95% CI -10.46,-2.83; p < 0.001), and better functional outcomes according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (MD -0.65; 95% CI -0.98,-0.32; p < 0.001) and modified Rankin Scale (MD -1.25; 95% CI -1.90,-0.60; p < 0.001) compared to patients who underwent EVD. To confirm the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity analyses with subgroups of the RCT, which also showed significant superiority of NED over EVD. Our results suggest that NED has a positive impact on patients with IVH and may be a breakthrough intervention in this scenario.

PMID:40167864 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03471-8

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;39(4):368-375. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.014.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the incidence of collateral circulation in high-risk patients with sleep apnea and stroke treated by continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） ventilation and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods:A total of 152 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） combined with acute ischemic stroke （AIS） who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected for this study. Based on the apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）, the patients were divided into three groups: mild （n=44）, moderate （n=72）, and severe （n=36）. After treatment, the patients were further classified into a group without collateral circulation （n=30） and a group with collateral circulation （n=26）, which included those with moderate collateral circulation （n=69） and good collateral circulation （n=27）. Clinical data across the different groups were compared, and multiple factor analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the occurrence of collateral circulation. Results:The AHI and IL-6 levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate groups, while the levels of NO and PO2 were significantly lower in the severe group compared to the mild and moderate groups, with statistically significant differences among the three groups （P<0.05）. After treatment, all groups showed improvement, and the proportion of patients with collateral circulation was 84.09% in the mild group, 81.94% in the moderate group, and 72.22% in the severe group. Significant differences in age, AHI, NIHSS, NO, MoCA, and MMSE scores were observed between the groups with and without collateral circulation （P<0.05）. In the group with collateral circulation, the scores for age, AHI, and NIHSS in the good collateral circulation subgroup were significantly lower than those in the poor collateral circulation and moderate collateral circulation subgroups, while the scores for NO, MoCA, and MMSE were significantly higher in the good collateral circulation subgroup. Multi-factor analysis revealed that age, AHI, and NIHSS were independent risk factors for collateral circulation, whereas NO, MoCA, and MMSE served as protective factors that were negatively correlated with collateral circulation. Classification tree model results indicated that AHI had the greatest influence on the occurrence of collateral circulation among the five influencing factors, demonstrating good predictive capability. Conclusion:Most high-risk patients with sleep apnea and stroke are likely to develop collateral circulation following continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Factors such as age, AHI, NIHSS, NO, MoCA, and MMSE are important determinants affecting the occurrence of collateral circulation.

PMID:40166881 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.014

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;39(4):357-361. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.012.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effects of the Epley and Semont procedures with varying lateral angles of the head on posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （PC-BPPV）. Methods:A total of 115 patients with unilateral PC-BPPV were randomly divided into five groups: Epley group, Semont group, Semont+10° group, Semont+20° group, and Semont+30° group, with 23 patients in each group. Corresponding reduction treatments were performed. Results:The total effective rates for the Epley group, Semont group, Semont+10° group, Semont+20° group, and Semont+30° group were 95.7% （22/23）, 4.3% （1/23）, 30.4% （7/23）, 52.2% （12/23）, and 87.0% （20/23） respectively. The inefficiencies were 4.3% （1/23）, 95.7% （22/23）, 69.6% （16/23）, 47.8% （11/23）, and 13.0% （3/23）. Statistically significant differences were observed in the total effective rates among the five groups （χ²=54.11, P<0.01）. The total effective rates in the Semont group, Semont+10° group, and Semont+20° group were significantly different from that of the Epley group （P<0.01）, while no statistically significant difference was found between the Semont+30° group and the Epley group （P= 0.608>0.012 5）. Conclusion:Among the four Semont methods with different lateral lying angles, the total effective rate of reduction treatment increased with the elevation of the lateral lying angle on the affected side. The efficacy of the Semont+30° group in treating PC-BPPV was not significantly different from the Epley group’s reduction effect, which was markedly superior to that of the other four Semont methods at different angles. Therefore, the Semont+30° reduction technique is recommended for the treatment of PC-BPPV.

PMID:40166879 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.012

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;39(4):338-343. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.009.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To compare the outcomes of simultaneous versus staged nasal bone reduction and septoplasty in the treatment of traumatic nasal bone fractures with associated septal fractures. Methods:Patients with traumatic nasal bone fractures, with or without septal fractures, were recruited from two hospitals and divided into three groups. Group A underwent simultaneous nasal bone reduction and septoplasty, Group B underwent staged nasal bone reduction and septoplasty, and Group C underwent nasal bone reduction only. Nasal appearance scores and nasal congestion Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） scores were measured preoperatively, at 2 weeks postoperatively, and at 3 months postoperatively. For Group B, scores were also recorded at 2 weeks and 3 months after the second-stage surgery. Differences were analyzed using statistical software. Results:Two weeks post-surgery, the nasal appearance scores significantly decreased in all three groups compared to preoperative scores （P< 0.01）, with no statistically significant differences between the groups （P= 0.43, 0.71, 0.58）. In Group A, the VAS score for nasal congestion decreased significantly following simultaneous surgery （P<0.01）. In Group B, there were no significant differences in nasal congestion VAS scores between pre-surgery and post-first-stage, nor between three months post-first-stage and two weeks post-first-stage （P= 0.61, 0.13）. However, the VAS scores significantly decreased after the second-stage surgery compared to pre-surgery, and three months post-second-stage surgery compared to three months post-first-stage surgery （P<0.01）. The VAS scores for nasal congestion at two weeks post-surgery in Group A were lower than those in Group B after the first-stage surgery （P<0.01）. The incidence rates of nasal adhesions post-surgery in Groups A, B, and C were 0%, 6.9%, and 4.3%, respectively. Conclusion:For traumatic nasal bone fractures with associated septal fractures, performing simultaneous nasal bone reduction and septoplasty under general anesthesia using endoscopy is more time-efficient compared to staged surgery, and it results in a lower occurrence rate of post-surgical nasal adhesions.

PMID:40166876 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.009

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;39(4):328-332. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.007.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To compare the changes in distortion product otoacoustic emission （DPOAE） test results in clinical patients with negative middle ear pressure after equalizing the pressure in the external canal and the middle ear cavity. This study aims to analyze the effect of negative middle ear pressure on otoacoustic emissions and investigate the correlation between the degree of negative middle ear pressure and the changes in amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of DPOAE. Methods:Twenty-seven clinical patients were included, with 34 ears exhibiting negative middle ear pressure. Acoustic conductance tests, pure tone hearing threshold tests, and DPOAE tests were conducted under ambient pressure and peak pressure after equalizing the middle ear pressure for all tested ears. The amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of DPOAE before and after compensating for middle ear pressure were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results:At 1.0 k Hz, 1.5 k Hz, and 8.0 k Hz, the DPOAE amplitude under ambient pressure was significantly higher than that under negative pressure （P<0.05）. A significant difference in the DPOAE signal-to-noise ratio was observed at 1.0 k Hz and 8.0 k Hz （P<0.05）. The difference in both amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio between these two test conditions was more pronounced at 1.0 k Hz （P<0.01）. There was no correlation between the negative pressure value from the tympanogram and the change in amplitude, with a weak negative correlation trend observed only at 0.75 k Hz （r=-0.328, P=0.054）. However, a significant negative correlation was found between the negative pressure value from the tympanogram and the change in signal-to-noise ratio at 0.75 k Hz （r=-0.366, P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compensating for middle ear pressure significantly improves the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of DPOAE in cases of negative middle ear pressure, particularly in the medium-frequency range. The smaller the degree of negative pressure in the middle ear, the weaker the effect of equalizing middle ear pressure is, especially in the low-frequency range.

PMID:40166874 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.007

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;39(4):324-327;332. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.006.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the influence of voice training combined with active breathing and circulation techniques on voice recovery following vocal cord polyp surgery. Methods:A total of 110 patients who underwent vocal cord polyp surgery at our hospital from May 2022 to November 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group （n=55） and a combination group （n=55） using a random number table method. During the recovery period, both groups received dietary control and aerosol treatment. The control group participated in voice training, while the combination group received active breathing and circulation techniques in addition to voice training for 2 months. Morphological changes, voice acoustic indicators （Shimmer, Jitter, Maximum Phonation Time[MPT]）, and the Voice Handicap Index （VHI） were compared between the two groups, and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results:The combination group demonstrated higher clinical efficacy after training compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The proportion of incomplete closure, abnormal mucosal wave, and supraglottic compensation decreased in both groups after training （P<0.05）. However, there was no significant difference in the proportions of incomplete closure and abnormal mucosal wave between the two groups （P>0.05）. Notably, the proportion of patients with supraglottic compensation in the combination group was lower than in the control group （P<0.05）. After training, the Shimmer and Jitter values decreased in both groups, with the combination group exhibiting lower values （P<0.05）. Conversely, the MPT values increased in both groups, again with higher values in the combination group （P<0.05）. Additionally, after training, the functional, physiological, and emotional scores of the VHI decreased in both groups, with the scores in the combination group lower than those in the control group, demonstrating statistical significance （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Voice training combined with active breathing and circulation techniques has a beneficial effect on recovery following vocal cord polyp surgery. This combined approach significantly improves vocal cord morphology and acoustic indices, alleviates voice disorders, and enhances overall voice recovery.

PMID:40166873 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.04.006