Tag: pubmed

Andrology. 2025 May 22. doi: 10.1111/andr.70065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Only approximately 30% of conceptions result in live births. Historically, research has predominantly focused on maternal factors impacting pregnancy success, despite the cause remaining unidentified in most cases. The influence of paternal factors on a couple’s likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy is still not well understood and warrants further investigation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the chance of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and a live-born child in couples where the male partner has ischemic heart disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This nationwide cohort study based on Danish health registries included couples undergoing in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection from 2006 to 2019. The cohort was divided into two groups: exposed and unexposed. The exposed cohort included embryo transfers in couples where the male partner had ischemic heart disease, while the unexposed group included those where the male partner did not have this condition.

RESULTS: A total of 101,875 couples with a known male partner were included. Among these, 653 couples were included in the exposed cohort and 101,222 were included in the unexposed cohort. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) for a biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live-born child were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79; 1.23), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.23), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.44), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that paternal ischemic heart disease prior to oocyte retrieval is not associated with a statistically significant decrease in the chances of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, or live birth.

PMID:40401311 | DOI:10.1111/andr.70065

Innov Pharm. 2025 Jan 15;15(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v15i4.6459. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Background: Although the FDA approved acetaminophen toxicity dosing regimen for intravenous n-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a three-bag regimen, alternate regimens have been published which are generally simpler, and decrease errors and adverse effects. It is not clear how pervasive alternative regimens are used in hospitals in the US and reasons for a change from the FDA regimen. Objective: Characterize practice patterns for treating acetaminophen toxicity. Methods: A pilot-tested, electronic survey containing demographic and practice pattern questions for acetaminophen toxicity management was sent to residency program directors. The survey was open for 4 weeks with several reminder e-mails sent to non-responders. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: There were 119 responses (9.2% response rate). Responses were representative of all geographic areas in the US and were most commonly from community hospitals (67.2%) and those with 300 or more beds (72.2%). Nearly two-thirds used the FDA approved NAC regimen, whereas others used an alternate regimen. Reasons for making the change were for simplicity, to decrease errors or adverse events, or based on local poison center recommendations. More than one-third of respondents reported not using a maximum dosing weight. Conclusions: N-acetylcysteine is usually administered intravenously using the FDA approved regimen for acetaminophen toxicity. The weight for dosing was commonly capped at 100 kg, but some institutions did not use a maximum. Alternative intravenous regimens have been implemented at some institutions with the impetus for change being safety and simplicity.

PMID:40401298 | PMC:PMC12090092 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v15i4.6459

Innov Pharm. 2025 Jan 14;15(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v15i4.6435. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Background: Our student-run free clinic (SRFC) treats uninsured patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a medically underserved region. Mississippi has the second highest diabetes prevalence in the nation. Increasing access for patients with diabetes to affordable medication is challenging. Some studies provide encouraging results for lowering hemoglobin A1C and increasing medication adherence through patient assistance programs (PAP). None have examined a student-run PAP committee’s impact on diabetes outcomes. Objective: To compare A1C levels for patients with diabetes enrolled in PAPs by our committee with those not enrolled and to describe clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with T2D at our SRFC between 2015 and 2023 was performed. The primary outcome was change in A1C within a 4-9 month follow-up window. Secondary outcomes were emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions. Results: Twenty-five patients with T2D were enrolled in PAPs, while 77 were not. The PAP group had a higher baseline A1C (10.9% vs. 8.7%). The difference in A1C between groups was not statistically significant (P=0.68), even with adjustment for covariates (P=0.59). ED visit and hospital admission frequency was similar between groups. Neuropathy was the most common diabetic complication. ED visits and hospital admissions for heart attacks occurred only in the non-PAP group. Conclusion: While patients enrolled in PAPs showed a greater average reduction in A1C, the difference was not statistically significant. The higher baseline A1C in the PAP group carries greater reduction potential. A prospective study is necessary to better evaluate PAP enrollment outcomes for uninsured patients with diabetes.

PMID:40401297 | PMC:PMC12090084 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v15i4.6435

Innov Pharm. 2025 Jan 14;15(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v15i4.6432. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: In the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), select sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are recommended based on comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Because guidelines typically recommend insulin for inpatient treatment of T2DM, there is potential that these therapies may be negatively impacted by hospitalization. This study aimed to assess the effect of hospitalization on outpatient T2DM therapy. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients were included if they had a diagnosis of T2DM plus a comorbidity (CKD, HF, ASCVD) for which they were prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist and had a recent hospitalization and follow-up appointment at an outpatient clinic. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if these therapies were continued during transitions of care. Data was analyzed with basic descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty-six patients on SGLT2 inhibitor therapy met inclusion criteria. Four (11%) patients were never restarted on therapy outpatient following hospitalization, three of which did not have an appropriate reason for discontinuation. Twenty-two patients on GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy met inclusion criteria. Four (18%) were never restarted on therapy outpatient following hospitalization, two of which did not have an appropriate reason for discontinuation. Conclusion: Five out of 58 patients (8.6%) included in the study experienced an inappropriate discontinuation of therapy throughout the transitions of care process. While most patients had their T2DM medication restarted, this study shows hospitalization can impact guideline-directed outpatient therapy.

PMID:40401295 | PMC:PMC12090087 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v15i4.6432

Bioinformation. 2024 Mar 31;20(3):282-291. doi: 10.6026/973206300200282. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

The knowledge of Dentists and Endodontists in Saudi Arabia regarding antibiotic prescriptions during and after endodontic treatment is of interest. A self-designed questionnaire survey was utilized to assess the knowledge of dentists across various cities in Saudi Arabia concerning antibiotic usage guidelines for endodontic purposes. A total of 391 participants were included in the study and the questionnaire was distributed through social platforms like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook Messenger and email. Results revealed that over 80% of participants acknowledged the need for antibiotics in cases of acute apical abscess with cellulitis, with amoxicillin being the most recommended antibiotic by dentists. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant difference in knowledge based on experience or graduation group. In conclusion, while participants demonstrated adequate knowledge about antibiotic prescriptions in endodontic cases, continued awareness of updated guidelines, including the WHO’s Essential Medicines List (EML), guidelines by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) and American Association Endodontists (AAE) is essential for optimal clinical practice.

PMID:40401285 | PMC:PMC12093258 | DOI:10.6026/973206300200282

Front Surg. 2025 May 7;12:1550024. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1550024. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous minimally invasive reduction combined with crossbar external fixation in the treatment of Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 65 patients with Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures who were treated at Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Dalian University between February 2019 and June 2021. Among them, 48 were males and 17 were females, with a mean age of 42.3 ± 10.2 years. There were 45 cases of Sanders type II fractures and 20 cases of type III fractures. Patients were divided into three groups based on the surgical methods: Group A (n = 25, minimally invasive reduction with crossbar external fixation), Group B (n = 21, minimally invasive locking plate fixation via the sinus tarsi approach), and Group C (n = 19, locking plate fixation via the lateral L-shaped incision). The following parameters were recorded and compared among the groups: preoperative waiting time, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and postoperative complications. Imaging parameters assessed included calcaneal length, width, height, Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and varus angle. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Maryland Foot and Ankle Score.

RESULTS: Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). All patients were followed up for an average duration of 15.6 ± 1.2 months. Group A demonstrated significantly shorter preoperative waiting times, operative durations, lower intraoperative blood loss, and shorter incision lengths compared with groups B and C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, VAS scores 3 days postoperatively were significantly lower in group A compared to groups B and C (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between groups B and C. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in groups A and B compared with group C (P < 0.05), with no significant difference observed between groups A and B. In addition, complications observed in the study included pinhole infections, cyanosis of the skin at the edge of the incision, nerve damage, and skin necrosis. Statistically, the complication rate was significantly lower in the group with the percutaneous minimally invasive approach than in the group with the traditional L-shaped approach. Imaging assessments at 2 weeks and 12 months postoperatively revealed no significant differences among the three groups in Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal varus angle, and calcaneal dimensions (P > 0.05). All imaging parameters significantly improved postoperatively within each group (P < 0.05). At the final follow-up, clinical outcomes (AOFAS, SF-36, Maryland scores) showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The Percutaneous minimally invasive reduction combined with crossbar external fixation provides effective fixation with minimal trauma, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates, representing a viable treatment strategy for Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

PMID:40401282 | PMC:PMC12092454 | DOI:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1550024

Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2025 Apr 25;15(2):108-114. doi: 10.62347/HQQX9117. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is a prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, often leading to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). As ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) gains prominence in hypertension management, it is crucial to explore its association with LVH occurrence to enhance clinical understanding and treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate the correlation between nocturnal blood pressure patterns and presence of LVH in hypertensive patients, offering insights into optimizing hypertension management strategies.

METHODS: Fifty-four patients with confirmed hypertension were included in this study. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography within two days of admission and 48-hour ABPM within one week of admission. Based on the presence of LVH, patients were categorized into LVH and non-LVH groups. Nocturnal systolic/diastolic BP were compared between the two groups using the appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS: Among the 54 hypertensive patients, those with LVH (n = 22) demonstrated a significantly higher nocturnal average SBP (124.04 ± 11.92 mmHg) and DBP (76.24 ± 9.76) compared to those without LVH (n = 32, SBP = 116.78 ± 13.92 mmHg, DBP = 72.45 ± 9.76, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This research shows a significant association between nocturnal BP patterns and the presence of LVH in hypertensive individuals. Nocturnal SBP and DBP were identified as independent risk factors for LVH. Further research, particularly on the timing of antihypertensive medication, is warranted to confirm causal relationships and improve management strategies.

PMID:40401275 | PMC:PMC12089019 | DOI:10.62347/HQQX9117

Matern Child Nutr. 2025 May 21:e70049. doi: 10.1111/mcn.70049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined by the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition within households, poses significant public health challenges in South and Southeast Asia. While previous studies have examined the individual effects of maternal education and household wealth on DBM, findings remain inconsistent, and little is known about how these factors interact across different contexts. To address this gap, we used nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh (2017-2018), Cambodia (2022), Nepal (2022) and Timor-Leste (2016) to analyse the interaction between maternal education and household wealth in shaping DBM risk. These countries were selected due to their ongoing nutritional transition, which has contributed to the increasing prevalence of DBM. For the analysis, we used DHS data, which employs a standardised multistage cluster sampling method and probabilistic methods to ensure representativeness. In this study, we selected mother-child pairs from the DHS survey, focusing on children aged 0-59 months and nonpregnant mothers at the time of the survey. We included those pairs for which both the mother and child had valid weight and height measurements. Maternal education and household wealth were identified as the primary exposures. To examine their interaction and the impact of other covariates on DBM, we employed multivariable logistic regression models. Our study found that DBM prevalence was higher in urban and wealthier households, with the highest rates observed in Timor-Leste and Cambodia. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that lower maternal education increased DBM risk, especially in affluent households (OR 2.07-3.29). Conversely, higher maternal education was associated with lower DBM prevalence. Additionally, breastfeeding and antenatal care visits emerged as protective factors. These findings indicate the necessity for specific interventions aimed at enhancing maternal education and promoting healthy dietary practices, particularly in rich households. Additionally, reinforcing breastfeeding practices and increasing antenatal care visits are essential strategies to mitigate the risks associated with DBM.

PMID:40400047 | DOI:10.1111/mcn.70049

BMC Res Notes. 2025 May 21;18(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07287-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the comparative performance of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and conventional techniques in detecting honey adulteration. Standard analytical methods, in accordance with ISIRI guidelines, were evaluated alongside δ¹³C isotopic analysis via IRMS across a dataset of 20 honey samples. Conventional analytical techniques were employed to evaluate parameters such as pre-hydrolysis reducing sugars, sucrose content, the fructose-to-glucose ratio, proline, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The advanced IRMS technique was utilized to determine δ¹³C values for glucose with high accuracy and sensitivity. The carbohydrate profile of honey, including glucose, fructose, disaccharides, and trisaccharides, was analyzed using LC/IRMS. A comparative assessment of both methods was conducted on twenty honey samples, following ISIRI guidelines.

RESULTS: While conventional methods met ISIRI criteria in 18 out of 20 samples, IRMS produced contrasting findings-only 2 samples were identified as genuine and free from adulteration. Statistical evaluation using Prism software revealed a significant discrepancy between the two techniques, with a p-value < 0.05, indicating stronger confidence in IRMS results. The findings highlight the necessity of reconsidering current protocols for honey adulteration detection in order to preserve the purity and credibility of this high-value natural product.

PMID:40400041 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07287-z

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 May 21;51(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-02001-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life presents challenges for neonates, who are at increased risk of cardio-respiratory instability. Although electrocardiogram monitoring is recommended for neonatal resuscitation after birth, its ability to assess cardiovascular function is limited. Measuring arterial blood pressure (ABP) is feasible in neonates during the immediate transition period, though its interpretation is complex. This study analyses ABP values during the immediate transition in preterm neonates.

METHODS: Data from neonates born at the Medical University of Graz between 2009 and 2023 were analysed. All preterm neonates who survived without intraventricular haemorrhage grade II or higher, and who had ABP measured non-invasively at 15 min after birth, were eligible for inclusion. Statistical analyses were employed to evaluate ABP values for each gestational week, ranging from 23 to 36 weeks of gestation.

RESULTS: Out of 305 eligible neonates, 267 preterm neonates met the inclusion criteria. The median (IQR) systolic ABP ranged from 46 (43-51) to 64 (56-68) mmHg showing a gradual increase with advancing gestational age. The mean ABP ranged from 30 (27-36) to 45 (37-47) mmHg, also exhibiting a gradual increase with higher gestational age. Similarly, the diastolic ABP ranged from 22 (19-29) to 34 (29-41) mmHg, again showing a gradual increase with advancing gestational age.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that ABP values during the immediate transition may be higher than those described after immediate transition in large cohort studies. Moreover, the gradual increase in ABP in preterm neonates with advancing gestational age underscores the necessity for tailored approaches to neonatal cardiovascular management during immediate transition.

PMID:40400033 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-02001-y