Tag: pubmed

J AOAC Int. 2025 Mar 19:qsaf025. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dendrobium nobile is an edible orchid with diverse therapeutic properties. In north-eastern Himalayan states of India, the extract of this flower is consumed by tribal populations for the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the profile of biologically active compounds in the colored varieties of D. nobile orchid flowers cultivated in the north-eastern Himalayan region is not well-established, necessitating a thorough investigation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish and compare the metabolite profile of three types of D. nobile flowers (white, light-pink, and dark pink) using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).

METHODS: The homogenized and cryoground flower samples were extracted with aqueous methanol. After LC-MS data acquisition through full-scan (untargeted) and MS/MS (targeted) modes, data processing involved peak alignment, adduct identification, and integration. Results were compared by multivariate statistics using Independent Component Analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 73 metabolites was identified, each with mass error of less than 5 ppm for both precursor and fragment ions. From anthocyanin classes, the chemometric analysis revealed 11 distinguishing biomarker metabolites, with variable influence on projection values above 1. Across the test accessions, three compounds, viz. cyanidin-3-diglucoside, delphinidin-3-sophoroside, and delphinidin-3-gentiobioside revealed their discriminatory presence.

CONCLUSION: The study identified the therapeutically important anthocyanins for metabolomic discrimination of three different D. nobile flower accessions. The study will be useful for authenticating D. nobile accessions, derived products, and selecting candidate traits for future breeding programs for varietal improvements.

HIGHLIGHTS: This study identified and profiled the bioactive anthocyanin compounds in D. nobile orchid flowers grown in the north-eastern Himalayan region of India, based on color variations using a non-target metabolomics approach.

PMID:40106708 | DOI:10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf025

Sci Adv. 2025 Mar 21;11(12):eadq9461. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9461. Epub 2025 Mar 19.

ABSTRACT

Whether the rapid warming of the Arctic, particularly the Barents-Kara Sea (BKS), substantially affects the Eurasian winter climate has been debated for over a decade. Here, we use an extended dynamical adjustment method to separate the effects of internal dynamics and thermodynamically forced BKS warming on atmospheric circulation, relying solely on observations. Evidence shows that the observed link between BKS warming and Eurasian cooling is influenced by both atmospheric internal variability and forced BKS warming. Internal variability, particularly the Arctic Oscillation, predominantly contributed to the observed Eurasian cooling from 1991 to 2012. While BKS warming has a weaker impact on Eurasian cooling on interannual to interdecadal timescales, it notably affects multidecadal scales, contributing to the observed “warming hole” in central Eurasia during 1980-2022. Our findings suggest a weak but non-negligible Eurasian cooling response to BKS warming on multidecadal timescales. These findings advance the understanding of the complex causal relationships between Arctic and mid-latitude climates.

PMID:40106553 | DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adq9461

PLoS One. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0319685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319685. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a long-term inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder, often adversely affecting physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Pharmaceutical management is habitually adopted; although medicinal therapies require continuous administration, and are often associated with significant side effects and low adherence rates. Whole body vibration (WBV) represents a non-invasive technique, that provides vibration stimulation to the entire body. As WBV appears to target the physiological pathways and symptoms pertinent to CD epidemiology, it may have significant potential as a novel non-pharmaceutical intervention therapy in CD. This paper presents the study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the impact of WBV on health outcomes in individuals with CD. This 6-week, parallel randomised controlled trial will recruit 168 individuals, assigned to receive WBV and lifestyle education 3 times per week compared to control, receiving lifestyle education only. The primary outcome of the trial will be the difference from baseline to post-intervention in health-related quality of life between the groups, assessed with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will include between-group differences in other questionnaires assessing fatigue, anxiety and pain, measures of physical fitness, and biological markers for disease activity and inflammation. Statistical analyses will follow an intention-to-treat approach, using linear mixed-effects models to compare changes between time points and both trial groups. Ethical approval was granted by the Nottingham Research Ethics Committee (REC: 24/EM/0106) and the study has been registered prospectively as a clinical trial (NTC06211400).

PMID:40106525 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0319685

PLoS One. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0314661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314661. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone disease (GD) is a prevalent condition frequently encountered in surgical units worldwide. The objective of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study was to examine the relationship between gallstones and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

METHODS: To conduct our study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We gathered relevant studies from reputable databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Embase. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. To assess heterogeneity among the studies, we utilized statistical tests such as the Chi-square test, I² statistic, and forest plots. Meta-regression analysis considered variables such as the year of the study, study design, sample size, study quality assessment score, geographical region, average age of subjects, and follow-up duration. Additionally, we evaluated publication bias using Begg’s and Egger’s tests.

RESULTS: Data from 22 studies conducted between 1985 and 2023 were analyzed. The combined number of participants across these studies was 7,496,303. The meta-analysis results revealed that individuals with GD had a higher risk of CVDs (Risk Ratio (RR): 1.29; 95% CI: 1.22-1.36; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results across good quality studies (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 11.12-1.28; P < 0.001), moderate quality studies (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74; P < 0.001), and low-quality studies (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30; P < 0.001). In the meta-regression analysis, none of the variables had a significant relationship with the observed heterogeneity (P-value > 0.10). In a sensitivity analysis, the estimated RR remained consistent, confirming the robustness of the meta-analysis results.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an association between gallstone disease and an increased risk of CVDs. It seems that one of the important factors of this relationship is having common causes for the formation of gallstones and cardiovascular diseases. However, gallstones can be considered an important sign of increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID:40106516 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0314661

J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Mar 19:1-7. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2025.2475879. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility between the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a validated tool for screening for malnutrition among older adults, and the Healthy Diet Indicator-2015 (HDI-2015), a diet quality index, to investigate their relationship in assessing nutritional status.

METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 6094 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older. The MNA was administered to assess the nutritional status, and the adherence to the World Health Organization’s HDI-2015 was determined based on 24-hour dietary recalls.

RESULTS: According to the MNA, 70.4% of older adults had a normal nutritional status, 27.6% had a risk of malnutrition, and 2.0% were malnourished. Advanced age, female sex, poor appetite, difficulty chewing and swallowing, consistently skipping meals, and not exercising regularly were significantly associated with the rate of malnutrition in older adults (p < 0.001). Only 3.8% of older adults demonstrated high adherence to the HDI-2015, whereas 27.0% demonstrated moderate adherence and 69.2% demonstrated low adherence. The rate of malnutrition was higher in older adults who demonstrated low adherence to the HDI-2015 (p < 0.001). A weak positive correlation was found between the MNA and the HDI-2015 (r = 0.119; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Even if older adults living in the community have a normal nutritional status according to the MNA, periodically obtaining dietary recalls to assess diet quality, such as using HDI-2015, is important for developing personalized nutrition plans.

PMID:40106508 | DOI:10.1080/27697061.2025.2475879

PLoS One. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0319396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319396. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Autistic people experience higher risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) compared to non-autistic people, yet there is limited understanding of complex, multilevel factors that drive this disparity. Further, determinants of mental health service receipt among this population are unknown. This study will identify socioecological factors associated with increased risk of SI and SA for autistic people and evaluate determinants of mental health care receipt.

METHODS: This study will link information for individuals aged 12-64 years in healthcare claims data (IBM® MarketScan® Research Database and CMS Medicaid) to publicly available databases containing community and policy factors, thereby creating a unique, multilevel dataset that includes health, demographic, community, and policy information. Machine learning data reduction methods will be applied to reduce the dimensionality prior to nested, multilevel empirical estimation. These techniques will allow for robust identification of clusters of socioecological factors associated with 1) risk of SI and SA and 2) receipt of mental health services (type, dose, delivery modality). Throughout, the research team will partner with an established group of autistic partners to promote community relevance, as well as receive input and guidance from a council of policy and practice advisors.

DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that nested individual (co-occurring conditions, age, sex), community (healthcare availability, social vulnerabilities), and policy factors (state mental health legislation, state Medicaid expansion) will be associated with heightened risk of SI and SA, and that receipt, dose, and delivery of mental health services will be associated with interdependent factors at all three levels. The approach will lead to identification of multilevel clusters of risk and factors that facilitate or impede mental health service delivery. The study team will then engage the community partners, and policy and practice advisors to inform development of recommendations to reduce risk and improve mental health for the autistic population.

PMID:40106500 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0319396

PLoS One. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0319972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319972. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are a group of conditions caused by injured or weakened pelvic muscles, ligaments, connective tissues, and nerves that support or hold pelvic organs in place so they can function correctly. Common PFDs are pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence (UI), and faecal incontinence (FI). A preliminary search on the subject within the last decade identified no review protocol or systematic review, despite a significant percentage of women in SSA suffering from it.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search will be gathered from electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Hinari, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar. The protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for Protocol (PRISMA-P) guideline. All studies conducted in sub-Saharan African countries will be included regardless of their study design as long as these studies report the magnitude of the problem under study. Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) appraisal checklist will be used to assess the quality of individual studies. Heterogeneity will be checked using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test statistics, and a random-effects model will be employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PFDs and its associated factors.

RESULTS: The present study will estimate the pooled prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa countries.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024578550.

PMID:40106497 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0319972

PLoS One. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0317521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317521. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between strict morphology as assessed on the initial semen analysis during fertility workup and pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination. This is a retrospective study of couples undergoing intrauterine insemination from 2007 to 2012. Couple characteristics and semen analysis parameters were recorded and evaluated. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated, accounting for within-couple (cluster) correlation among repeated intrauterine insemination cycles. Four hundred thirty-five women (average ± standard deviation age 31.7 ± 4.8) undergoing 1,287 intrauterine insemination cycles were analyzed. Fecundability was not statistically different when low strict morphology (≤1% and 2-4%) was compared to the reference range of morphology > 14% [RR 0.99 (0.41-2.40) and 0.90 (0.48-1.70)]. Results were unchanged when adjusted for female characteristics, medication, and inseminating total motile sperm count [aRR 1.22 (0.51-2.93) and 1.00 (0.53-1.91)]. Evaluating combined effects of morphology with inseminating total motile sperm count, pregnancy rates among cycles with total motile count < 5 million and strict morphology ≤ 4% normal were reduced when compared to cycles with total motile count > 20 million and morphology > 4% normal (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.82). These relationships remained when evaluating live birth/ongoing pregnancy per cycle. In intrauterine insemination cycles, initial strict morphology was associated with subsequent fecundability only when inseminating total motile count was below 5 million. For cycles with total motile count above this threshold, no impact of low morphology on success rates with intrauterine insemination was observed.

PMID:40106493 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0317521

J Eval Clin Pract. 2025 Mar;31(2):e70052. doi: 10.1111/jep.70052.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to assess patient-reported fatigue in the COPD and to investigate their attempts to cope with it.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 62 patients diagnosed with the COPD. Individual Introduction Form, Fatigue Intervention Form and Visual Analog Scale were used to collect research data. The data were presented in the form of numbers, percentages, means and standard deviations, while Chi-Square, Fisher Freeman Halton and Pearson Correlation analysis were applied in statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Patients have moderate fatigue, with a score of 6.91 ± 2.81 out of 10 and they experience fatigue for 4.95 ± 2.19 days in a week. Patients reported that the most common causes of fatigue were stress, illness and advanced age. They also mentioned feeling unhappy and angry due to fatigue, adopted a sedentary lifestyle, and being unable to do housework. The most common attempts made by patients to cope with fatigue are sleeping, taking a warm shower and using medication, while less frequently used methods include watching movies, praying, getting a massage and listening to music.

CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with the COPD frequently experience moderate fatigue, which can have harmful effects on their daily lives. In response, patients often implement strategies to conserve energy, with the aim of managing the fatigue symptoms. Nurses should routinely assess the fatigue status of the COPD patients and counsel them on coping with fatigue.

PMID:40105867 | DOI:10.1111/jep.70052

Clin Spine Surg. 2025 Mar 14. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001789. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the changes in the dural area on MRI and clinical outcome after unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) decompression.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical outcomes after UBE decompression have been published for up to 2 years for patients with isolated spinal stenosis at 1 level. Serial dural expansion after UBE decompression has not been published as well as correlation to clinical outcomes.

METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic outcomes of 86 patients who underwent UBE decompression for spinal stenosis. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were analyzed, and MRI was used for radiologic evaluation before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 2 years after surgery. The correlation of dural spinal area CSA (preoperative-final) and difference of clinical outcome (preoperative-final) were analyzed.

RESULT: None of the 86 patients had permanent neurological complications. Back VAS, leg VAS, and ODI showed improvement in symptoms postoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. The postoperative CSA of the dural sac on MRI was statistically significantly increased after surgery at all time points. VAS leg was moderately correlated with change in CSA, while ODI and VAS back were weakly correlated. Correlations were all statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: UBE decompression showed good clinical outcomes similar to previous studies, and the CSA of ​​the dural sac on MRI significantly increased in the late postoperative phase compared with the early postoperative phase. This technique is viable option to achieve radiographic dural expansion and improvement in clinical outcomes in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, there is at best only a moderate correlation with change in CSA and clinical outcomes.

PMID:40105859 | DOI:10.1097/BSD.0000000000001789