Tag: pubmed

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):2395. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22773-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to describe changes in screen time behavior among students before and during the suspension of in-person classes in public schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify factors associated with screen time during the pandemic.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted by telephone survey with 591 student/guardian pairs, from two municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, between June and July 2020. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected, and screen time, measured in hours and converted to minutes. Wilcoxon test for paired samples compared screen time median before and after the pandemic’s onset. Linear regression models with hierarchical input were used to estimate the associations between screen time and sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables, adjusted for sex and age.

RESULTS: Student daily median screen time increased by 150%, from 120 min before to 300 min after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Male students were associated with an average increase of 11 min in screen time [95% CI: 7.59; 14.40]. Students from urban areas had 65.05 more minutes [95% CI: 60.91; 69.18] of screen time compared to those from rural areas. Family income and receipt of emergency aid significantly influenced screen time, with increases of 20 min [95% CI: 14.47; 26.56] and 28 min [95% CI: 24.81; 32.07], respectively. The screen time of guardians also proved to be a strong predictor, with an additional increase of 54 min [95% CI: 50.14; 58.07].

CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors on the increase in students’ screen time during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of variables such as household income, home environment, and guardians’ behavior in young people’s digital exposure.

PMID:40618102 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22773-6

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):2389. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23583-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low nutrition literacy (NL) among adolescents can worsen health and economic inequalities, potentially leading to a higher burden of non-communicable diseases.

AIM: This study aimed to assess Total Nutrition Literacy (TNL) and its domains across different adolescent stages with an in-depth look at NL among Egyptian adolescents, through a quartile-based approach. It analysed the relation between adequate NL influences and vitamin, mineral intakes and body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, normal, overweight/obese). It explored the effects of adolescent characteristics (gender, BMI) and family environment (parental education, food literacy, health status) on achieving adequate TNL levels.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,050 Egyptian adolescents aged 10-19 from various geographical and socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire measuring demographic information, TNL and its domains (categories) (Functional (FNL), Interactive (INL), and Critical (CNL)), and parental food literacy (PFL). Anthropometric measurements assessed nutritional status via BMI. Statistical analyses using SPSS identified associations and predictors of adequate TNL.

RESULTS: TNL scores rose significantly from 68.8 in early adolescence (10-13 years) to 77.4 in late adolescence (17-19 years) (p < 0.001). All domains improved with age (p < 0.001), with females outperforming males in INL and CNL (p < 0.001). FNL level was notably low at 56.6%, compared to higher rates in INL (84.1%) and CNL (91.0%). Meanwhile, the median scores for NL remain relatively close to the lower levels of adequacy across all stages. Parental employment, PFL, health status, and family dynamics were significant predictors of adequate TNL. Maternal education became particularly crucial in late adolescence, while PFL had the greatest influence in early and middle adolescence. Adequate TNL increased the likelihood of reporting vitamin intake by nearly five times (COR = 4.9, p < 0.01). The relation between TNL and its domains with BMI vary across adolescence.

CONCLUSION: Using quartile distribution to assess literacy adequacy provided a detailed view of literacy gaps, allowing identification of adolescents most in need of intervention. NL programs have to be tailored to meet adolescents’ evolving needs, emphasizing foundational literacy in early adolescence, interactive skills in middle adolescence, and critical literacy in late adolescence.

PMID:40618101 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23583-6

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):1116. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06458-5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of resin cement color and the thickness of monolithic CAD/CAM materials on the final color of the fixed dental restoration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four high translucent monolithic CAD-CAM materials in shade A2, including lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, IP), monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, CZ), two zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD) were prepared as rectangular specimens measuring 12 × 14 mm in two thicknesses (0.5 mm and 1 mm), (N = 160, n = 20 per group). Subsequently, three different colors of PANAVIA™ SA(PV) Cement Universal Automix Universal (A2), White (W), and Translucent (Tr) polymerized resin cement specimens (12 × 14 × 0.2 mm) were placed underneath the ceramic samples. After and befor aging color values were measured. The color difference was calculated using CIEDE2000 formulae. Statistical analysis was conducted using a three-way ANOVA and EMF function with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: The 3-way ANOVA for the color difference data showed a statistically significant effect of all three main factors ceramic thickness, materials, and resin cement (p < 0.05). Among these, resin cement color had the most pronounced influence on color change (ηp² = 0.974). The most significant color change was observed with a thickness of 0.5 mm and white cement, with mean ∆E values ranging from 7.72 to 3.40. All ceramic groups, except for monolithic zirconia, exhibited color changes exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E ≤ 3.5). Additionally, all ceramic groups, except for monolithic zirconia, were affected by thickness.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed that material type and cement group significantly influenced ∆E values in certain ceramics (CD, IP), while others (CZ+, VS) remained unaffected at 1 mm thickness. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate cement color and type to optimize the final esthetics of monolithic restorations.

PMID:40618088 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06458-5

Clin Epigenetics. 2025 Jul 5;17(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13148-025-01927-8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The epigenetic clock has been regarded as a highly accurate predictor of capturing the complexity between aging and the epigenome. However, there is limited understanding of the epigenetic clock in allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the causal relationship between epigenetic age acceleration and allergic diseases by conducting a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

METHODS: Pleiotropy analysis was conducted using the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. Instrumental variables were constructed using single nucleotide polymorphisms. The statistics for epigenetic age acceleration and allergic diseases were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.

RESULTS: Based on the inverse variance weighted method, the forward MR analysis showed that intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) was associated with an increased risk of allergic asthma (OR = 1.051, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.098, p = 0.025). The reverse MR analysis also indicated a significant causal relationship between allergic asthma and IEAA (OR = 1.410, 95% CI 1.111 to 1.791, p = 0.005). However, there was a lack of evidence supporting a causal relationship between IEAA and allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic urticaria (all p > 0.05). Quality control assessments demonstrated that our study results were reliable and robust.

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed bidirectional causal relationships between intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration and allergic asthma, highlighting potential prevention strategies.

PMID:40618086 | DOI:10.1186/s13148-025-01927-8

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):1112. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06455-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complete removal of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) during root canal retreatment remains challenging, and the effect of chloroform on the bond strength of these materials remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different retreatment techniques on the dislocation resistance of gutta-percha and CSBS to root canal dentin.

METHODS: Extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared and filled via the single cone technique with gutta-percha and EndoSeal MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea). After four weeks, the samples were divided into five groups: (1) no retreatment, (2) retreatment without chloroform: (3) retreatment with supplementary instrumentation using XP-Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), (4) retreatment with chloroform, and (5) retreatment with both chloroform and XPEFR. All the samples were then refilled with gutta-percha and EndoSeal MTA. One-millimeter slices from the mid-root were prepared for the push-out test (n = 15 per group). The bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA tests.

RESULTS: Compared with all the retreatment groups, the control group presented significantly higher bond strength (9.20 ± 1.44 MPa) (P < 0.001). Push-out bond strength values for groups retreated without chloroform, either with or without using XPEFR, were 3.61 ± 1.27 and 3.18 ± 1.01, respectively. However, bond strength after applying chloroform, with or without supplementary instrumentation using XPEFR, was 3.96 ± 1.51 and 4.41 ± 1.32, respectively. The bond strength was significantly higher in the groups with application of chloroform compared with the other retreated groups (P = 0.022), whereas supplementary instrumentation with XPEFR did not have a significant effect (P = 0.982). The most common mode of bond failure across all groups was cohesive failure.

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the dislocation resistance of EndoSeal MTA and gutta-percha to root dentin decreased after non-surgical retreatment. The application of chloroform during retreatment was associated with higher bond strength, whereas supplementary instrumentation with XPEFR had no significant effect.

PMID:40618080 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06455-8

Br J Psychol. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1111/bjop.70005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to provide up-to-date clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence investigating eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for treatment or prevention of adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cost-effectiveness studies assessing PTSD symptoms in adults, published since the NICE 2018 guidelines. EMDR was compared with trauma-focused-cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), waitlist or usual care. Six databases were searched in September 2023. Risk of bias was assessed. Data synthesis included Bayesian meta-analyses of standardized mean differences if sufficient data were available from at least three RCTs. From 2038 records, 17 studies met the eligibility criteria. One modelling-based study reported cost-effectiveness, finding EMDR the most cost-effective intervention compared to 10 others, including TF-CBT. Sixteen RCTs (n = 1031) providing clinical PTSD outcome data were identified. Most studies had small sample sizes, and all but one was at high/moderate risk of bias. Additionally, 13 RCTs from NICE 2018 guidelines contributed to meta-analyses. EMDR treatment was generally of shorter duration with a lower burden on patient time. Meta-analyses found EMDR was statistically significantly better than waitlist/usual care. There was no significant difference in treatment effect between EMDR and TF-CBT, both reported significantly improved PTSD symptoms.

PMID:40616777 | DOI:10.1111/bjop.70005

J Nephrol. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1007/s40620-025-02336-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Kidney donation after circulatory death is a valid alternative to donation after brain death. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury can damage the graft and make it non-viable. The Karpinski score, currently used to evaluate kidney quality, does not account for this type of damage and is, therefore, insufficient for predicting expected functional recovery.

METHODS: Sixty-seven kidney biopsies from donors after circulatory death and seventy-two kidney biopsies from donors after brain death were analyzed histologically. A Karpinski score was assigned to all samples. Additionally, biopsies obtained from donation after circulatory death were reviewed for the presence of ischemia-reperfusion injury defined as brush border loss within the tubular epithelium as well as acute tubular injury. Clinical data were also retrieved and analysed, in an attempt to find a statistically significant correlation between histological/clinical findings and graft function.

RESULTS: The mean Karpinski scores of samples obtained on the occasion of donation after circulatory death and after brain death showed no significant difference. Ischemia-reperfusion injuries were two times more frequent in samples obtained after donation after circulatory death compared to donation after brain death. Statistical analysis revealed that a cutoff of 15% in brush border loss and 0.9 mg/dL in serum creatinine before death allowed to predict functional recovery, especially delayed functional recovery. A composite predictive score summing these two parameters was therefore created.

CONCLUSIONS: Donation after circulatory death is associated with unique patological characteristics compared to donation after brain death and requires different considerations. This study proposes a simple and clinically applicable tool for predicting the delayed functional recovery in the case of kidneys donated after circulatory death; the novelty lies in combining morphological (brush border loss) and biochemical (serum creatinine before death) into a new predictive score that may provide support for pre-implantation decision-making and potentially improve transplant outcomes.

PMID:40616769 | DOI:10.1007/s40620-025-02336-z

Updates Surg. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1007/s13304-025-02317-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Fecal incontinence (FI) is a debilitating condition that commonly affects postmenopausal women, particularly those with a history of obstetric trauma. To date, there are few studies directly comparing SP and SNM, which present many discrepancies in the inclusion criteria, such as age, etiology, and elapsed time from the onset of the condition. This retrospective study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of the two procedures most widely performed in the management of FI: sphincteroplasty and sacral neuromodulation (SNM). The inclusion criteria were established to ensure a representative sample of a well-defined patient population affected by fecal incontinence: postmenopausal women with late onset of FI after previous obstetric trauma. A cohort of 58 women aged 65 and older treated consecutively at the Humanitas San Pio X Hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 was analysed. Thirty-five women underwent sphincteroplasty, while 23 received SNM. Outcomes were evaluated based on the functional outcomes and the incidence of adverse events. Statistical Analysis did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups (SP and SNM) in terms of baseline characteristics and 2-year functional outcomes. Both techniques were effective in the treatment of FI according to the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score registrations over the 2-year follow-up. No differences were found between the two techniques in terms of both early and late complication rates. Therefore, SP and SNM proved to be safe and effective treatments for late-onset FI in postmenopausal women with a history of obstetric trauma, yielding favourable outcomes at 24 months.

PMID:40616746 | DOI:10.1007/s13304-025-02317-8

Drugs Aging. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1007/s40266-025-01226-0. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40616740 | DOI:10.1007/s40266-025-01226-0

Eat Weight Disord. 2025 Jul 5;30(1):50. doi: 10.1007/s40519-025-01762-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affecting millions of people, with obesity being a common comorbidity. Many studies suggest that obesity may influence the onset and treatment efficacy of psoriasis. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that abdominal obesity is associated with various metabolic diseases, but research on the relationship between abdominal obesity and psoriasis remains limited. This study uses advanced obesity indicators such as the conicity index and body roundness index to explore the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis.

METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis that uses univariate regression analysis and weighted multivariable logistic regression to investigate the relationship between conicity index, android percent fat, body roundness index, and psoriasis. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore the nonlinear association between these indicators and psoriasis. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 4873 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding variables, the results showed a positive correlation between conicity index, android percent fat, body roundness index, and the risk of psoriasis. When conicity index, android percent fat, and body roundness index were converted into quartiles (Q1-Q4), the risk of psoriasis in the Q4 group was significantly higher compared to the Q1 group (conicity index: p = 0.032, android percent fat: p = 0.020, body roundness index: p = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis and interaction tests, no significant interaction between the conicity index, body roundness index, and the association with psoriasis was found (p > 0.05). The results only suggest that the poverty income ratio (PIR), marital status, and alcohol consumption may influence the relationship between android percent fat and psoriasis. In addition, subgroup analysis based on age shows that the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis is more significant in the population over 40 years old.

CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for covariates, the study found that three abdominal obesity indicators-conicity index, android percentage fat, and body roundness index-are positively correlated with psoriasis risk, suggesting that the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis as a comorbidity is more likely to occur, emphasizing the clinical significance of this link.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

PMID:40616714 | DOI:10.1007/s40519-025-01762-z