Tag: pubmed

Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care. 2026 Jan 2:26350106251401514. doi: 10.1177/26350106251401514. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This article reports the results of the 2025 National Practice Survey (NPS), documenting professional engagement in the diabetes care and education specialist (DCES) specialty, conducted by the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (ADCES).

METHODS: The quantitative NPS survey was administered online using email addresses compiled from ADCES and Certification Board for Diabetes Care and Education. Data were collected over a 4-week period in 2025. Descriptive and correlative statistics were used to identify relationships between variables and are discussed in the context of existing literature and previous NPS surveys.

RESULTS: The responses from the 2479 respondents to this NPS find those serving as DCESs to be a diverse group of professionals, working within the context of both an expanding diabetes care team and population with diabetes. While serving disparate populations, they appear, as a group, to actively seek out training opportunities to further their understanding of those they work with and professional credentialing and other educational advancement. DCESs appear to have an expanded role in patient care and increased responsibility in providing colleagues and people with diabetes with guidance on diabetes-related technology.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the advances in the care and treatment of diabetes, DCESs are an important conduit for patient-centered care. Understanding the current practice of the DCES provides insights to address the evolving needs of diabetes prevention, diabetes and cardiometabolic syndrome care, treatment, and education with a workforce prepared to integrate technology and best practices for people living with diabetes.

PMID:41480670 | DOI:10.1177/26350106251401514

Health Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 31;9(1):e71369. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71369. eCollection 2026 Jan.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes and prediabetes contribute to vascular inflammation and may increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We sought to evaluate the association between different glycemic statuses and 12-month MACE in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Tehran Heart Center.

METHODS: In this cohort study, patients who underwent elective PCI between 2008 and 2017 were stratified by preprocedural fasting blood glucose into normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. The primary endpoint was the 1-year incidence of MACE, assessed using unadjusted and adjusted regression models.

RESULTS: The data of 10,797 patients (mean age = 64 ± 11 y; 64.6% men) were reviewed. The diabetic patients were not only older (p < 0.001) and more frequently female (p < 0.001) but also had higher frequencies of hypertension (p < 0.001), using antiplatelet drugs (p < 0.001), statin (p < 0.001), and presence of dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), as well as more stenotic vessels (p = 0.007) and B2/C lesions (p = 0.033) than the other two groups. In addition, regression model demonstrated that neither prediabetes nor diabetes was significantly associated with the risk of 12-month MACE in both unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.84-1.58; and HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.96-1.70, respectively) and adjusted models (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.86-1.66; and HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.81-1.52, respectively). Consistently, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a gradual increase in cumulative MACE incidences across all glycemic categories over 12 months, with the highest event rate observed among diabetic patients; however, these differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Prediabetes and diabetes were not significant predictors of 12-month MACE in our study population. These findings suggest that glycemic status alone may not be sufficient to stratify cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing elective PCI. Further research is warranted to validate these results and explore additional factors influencing MACE incidence in this context.

PMID:41480627 | PMC:PMC12754270 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71369

World J Diabetes. 2025 Dec 15;16(12):110494. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.110494.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can worsen the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, strong evidence is needed to show the impact of DM on all-cause mortality (ACM) and atrial fibrillation (AF), which we explored in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To determine the impact of DM on ACM and AF in patients with HCM.

METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies showing the effect of DM on ACM and AF in HCM. A binary random effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) for ACM and AF outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies (n = 106138) with a mean age of 61.76 ± 19.84 years and 61.55% males were included in our systematic review; ten studies (n = 102882) were eligible for meta-analysis. In the unadjusted analysis, DM was not significantly associated with ACM (OR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.43-2.15; P = 0.93). However, after adjustment, DM showed a significant association with higher ACM risk (adjusted OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.16-1.61; P < 0.01). DM was significantly associated with AF in both unadjusted (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.14-3.58; P = 0.04) and adjusted analyses (adjusted OR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.68-4.27; P = 0.01). The Joanna Briggs Institute tool revealed a low risk of bias. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, performed by sequentially excluding each study, demonstrated no significant change in the overall effect estimates, indicating the robustness and stability of our results.

CONCLUSION: DM significantly increased the risk of ACM and AF, highlighting the importance of tighter glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factor modification among patients with HCM.

PMID:41480615 | PMC:PMC12754091 | DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.110494

World J Diabetes. 2025 Dec 15;16(12):109233. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.109233.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 29-79 years was found to be 10.5%. It is a global public health threat with a rising trend in morbidity and mortality. Poor glycemic control (GC) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major determinant of diabetes-related complications. There are limited data on GC and associated factors among patients with T2DM in South West Region, Cameroon.

AIM: To assess GC and identify contributing factors among patients with T2DM in a regional hospital in South West Region, Cameroon.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 among 131 participants in Limbe Regional Hospital who were selected by convenience. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by ion-exchange chromatography. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, entered into Excel, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between explanatory variables and GC. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean age was 56 ± 5.1 years. Eighty-eight (67.2%) patients were female. The mean HbA1c was 8.8% ± 1.8%. Poor GC (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was registered in 106 (80.9%; 95% confidence interval: 73.1%-87.3%) participants. Lack of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was associated with poor GC (adjusted odds ratio: 3.858, 95% confidence interval: 1.262-11.800; P = 0.018).

CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with T2DM had poor GC. Absence of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was the main contributing factor for poor GC.

PMID:41480611 | PMC:PMC12754106 | DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.109233

World J Diabetes. 2025 Dec 15;16(12):112694. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112694.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Although GLP-1RAs delay gastric emptying, their impact on gastric mucosal visibility during upper endoscopy remains uncertain, especially in Asian patients.

AIM: To investigate the association between GLP-1RA treatment and gastric mucosal visibility during upper endoscopy in Asian patients with T2DM.

METHODS: The study population included Korean patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with concomitant GLP-1RA or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) for the treatment of T2DM. A 1:2 propensity score matching between GLP-1RA and DPP4i users resulted in 198 matched patients and 295 matched patients in each group, respectively. Gastric mucosal visibility was assessed by reviewing endoscopy images with a validated scale (POLPREP). In addition, the rates of aborted and repeat EGD and pulmonary aspiration were also assessed.

RESULTS: Of the 493 matched patients, mean body mass index was 26.0 kg/m². The rate of inadequate gastric mucosal visibility (gastric POLPREP score 0 or 1) was significantly higher in GLP-1RA group than matched DPP4i group (8.6% vs 1.4%, P = 0.0007). The rates of aborted EGD and repeat EGD were also significantly higher in GLP-1RA than DPP4i group (7.6% vs 0.7% in both aborted and repeat EGD, P = 0.0011). Multivariable logistic regression revealed GLP-1RA use as an independent risk factor for both inadequate gastric mucosal visibility (odds ratio = 6.143, 95% confidence interval: 2.289, 20.318, P = 0.0008) and aborted EGD (odds ratio = 11.099, 95% confidence interval: 3.172, 63.760, P = 0.0010). Despite gastric residue, no pulmonary aspiration was reported in either group.

CONCLUSION: GLP-1RA use was associated with a higher risk of inadequate gastric mucosal visibility and aborted and repeat procedures during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Korean patients with T2DM while pulmonary aspiration was not observed.

PMID:41480609 | PMC:PMC12754130 | DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112694

World J Diabetes. 2025 Dec 15;16(12):112789. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112789.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic regulation of leptin (LEP) plays a critical role in metabolic disorders, yet its promoter methylation patterns in lean diabetic populations remain poorly characterized. Emerging evidence suggests DNA methylation may precede clinical hyperglycemia, offering potential for early risk stratification. While obesity-associated LEP methylation is well-studied, lean Asian populations who exhibit high diabetes prevalence despite lower adiposity, represent an underexplored cohort. This study hypothesizes that LEP promoter methylation in peripheral leukocytes decreases progressively from normoglycemia to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), correlating inversely with serum LEP levels in lean Chinese adults [body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m²].

AIM: To investigate LEP promoter methylation status and its association with serum LEP levels across glycemic states in lean Chinese adults.

METHODS: We enrolled 392 participants including 120 normoglycemic controls, 94 prediabetes [44 impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/50 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)], 178 T2DM aged 40-60 years with BMI < 24 kg/m². Genomic DNA from peripheral leukocytes underwent bisulfite conversion followed by methylation-specific PCR to assess CpG methylation in the LEP promoter. Serum LEP was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with other parameters measured through standard assays. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, χ² tests, and Pearson correlation (Bonferroni-corrected P value).

RESULTS: Methylation frequencies declined progressively: 59.2% (controls) reduced to 43.6% (prediabetes; IFG: 38.6%, IGT: 48%) reduced to 31.5% (T2DM) (all P < 0.05 vs controls; T2DM vs IGT: P = 0.030). Serum LEP levels increased significantly in T2DM (16.94 ± 4.19 μg/L) vs controls (11.33 ± 3.10 μg/L; P = 0.002), with intermediate values in prediabetes (IFG: 13.79 ± 3.32 μg/L; IGT: 12.62 ± 4.81 μg/L). A near-perfect inverse correlation between methylation and LEP levels was observed (r = -0.95, 95%CI: -0.97 to -0.92, P < 0.001), persisting after adjusting for age and BMI (β = -0.91, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: LEP promoter hypomethylation parallels worsening glycemic status in lean Chinese adults, suggesting its potential as a blood-based epigenetic biomarker for diabetes progression, pending validation in longitudinal cohorts.

PMID:41480608 | PMC:PMC12754086 | DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112789

World J Diabetes. 2025 Dec 15;16(12):112830. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112830.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cotadutide (MEDI0382) is a twincretin that acts as an agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptors. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published evaluating the use of cotadutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), showing promising results. However, the efficacy and safety of the drug use have been inadequately explored by systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

AIM: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of cotadutide in individuals with T2D having overweight or obesity.

METHODS: The systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024511703), and the protocol summary can be accessed online. Several databases and registries, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were systematically searched using related terms from their inception to May 15, 2025, for RCTs involving individuals with T2D receiving cotadutide in the intervention group. Review Manager web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models. The co-primary outcomes of interest were the changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the percent changes in body weight from baseline. The results of the outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analysis of outcomes was stratified according to whether the control group received a placebo, denoted as the placebo control group (PCG), or an active comparator, referred to as the active control group (ACG).

RESULTS: Nine RCTs (mostly phase 2 RCTs, n = 1525) with study durations varying from 28 days to 54 weeks that met all the inclusion criteria were analyzed; five studies had a low overall risk of bias, while the other four had some concerns. Compared to the PCG, greater reductions in HbA1c were achieved with cotadutide 100 μg (MD -0.77%, 95%CI: -1.06 to -0.47), 200 μg (MD -0.68%, 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.23), 300 μg (MD -0.67%, 95%CI: -0.79 to -0.56), and 600 μg (MD -0.69%, 95%CI: -0.97 to -0.41). Cotadutide 100 μg (MD -1.74%, 95%CI: -3.23 to -0.25), 200 μg (MD -2.56%, 95%CI: -3.37 to -1.75), 300 μg (MD -3.49%, 95%CI: -4.14 to -2.84), and 600 μg (MD -5.45%, 95%CI: -7.17 to -3.73) achieved greater percent reductions in body weight from baseline. However, the certainty of evidence for HbA1c and percent body weight reductions was very low to low. Cotadutide, at all doses, also outperformed PCG in reducing fasting plasma glucose and absolute body weight. The changes in HbA1c, percent body weight, fasting plasma glucose, and absolute body weight were similar between the cotadutide group and the ACG. Compared to PCG, pooled doses of cotadutide increased the risks of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), treatment-related AEs, and discontinuation of the study drug due to AEs, but not for serious AEs. More subjects experienced overall gastrointestinal AEs, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and decreased appetite with cotadutide than with PCG. Compared to the ACG, none of the AEs showed increased risk in the cotadutide group.

CONCLUSION: Cotadutide demonstrated glycemic control and weight-loss benefits in short-term, small RCTs (mostly phase 2). However, small sample sizes, very low to low certainty of evidence, and the absence of data on long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes highlight substantial uncertainties, warranting cautious interpretation and further investigation in larger, longer-term trials to establish its safety and efficacy profile.

PMID:41480597 | PMC:PMC12754120 | DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.112830

NAR Genom Bioinform. 2025 Dec 31;7(4):lqaf205. doi: 10.1093/nargab/lqaf205. eCollection 2025 Dec.

ABSTRACT

Accurate identification of affected tissues of human diseases is important for the derivation of disease etiology and the development of new treatment strategies. In this study, we develop a logistic regression-based method named DEDUCE (disease tissue detection using logistic regression) that combines genomics big data and machine learning to address this important problem. The central hypothesis is that most disease-associated genes are expressed specifically in affected tissues. DEDUCE takes advantage of newly emerged data on disease-related genes as well as tissue-specific gene expression data. The unique feature of DEDUCE is that it takes into account the strength of gene-disease associations. When we applied DEDUCE to a total of 3261, 324 gene-disease associations collected from DisGeNET covering 30,170 diseases and 21,666 genes, we identified 216 significant tissue-disease pairs composed of 120 unique diseases and 37 unique tissues. Many of them shed light on potential explanations for disease pathogenesis. The results showed great consistency with previous findings and were proven effective by empirical plots and gene set enrichment analysis. Overall, DEDUCE has shown great potential in uncovering novel pathogenesis mechanisms of complex diseases. In-depth analysis and experimental validation were required to fully understand these discovered tissue-trait associations and their enriched genes.

PMID:41480592 | PMC:PMC12754781 | DOI:10.1093/nargab/lqaf205

IDCases. 2025 Dec 7;43:e02453. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02453. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In regions where hepatitis A virus (HAV) is endemic, the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges. While liver involvement in SARS-CoV-2 is well documented, the impact of HAV-COVID-19 coinfection remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether COVID-19 coinfection worsens clinical outcomes or liver injury in patients with HAV infection.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Lebanon, including 15 patients with confirmed HAV infection: 7 individuals were infected with COVID-19 (HAV-COVID coinfection group) and 8 with HAV alone (HAV-only group). Clinical characteristics, liver function tests, inflammatory markers, and recovery trends were assessed at admission (Day 1) and follow-up (Day 10) and remote follow-up extended up to 30 days. Group comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney U tests with effect sizes reported as rank-biserial correlations.

RESULTS: All patients experienced a mild disease course without hepatic complications or ICU admissions. CRP levels were significantly higher in the HAV-COVID group at both time points (Day 1 p = 0.04; Day 10 p < 0.001), but no statistically significant differences were seen in liver enzymes or recovery rates between the groups.

CONCLUSION: HAV-COVID-19 coinfection in otherwise healthy individuals does not appear to worsen liver injury or delay recovery compared to HAV alone. However, given isolated reports of fulminant hepatitis, clinicians should continue to screen for coinfection in patients presenting with liver injury during with COVID-19, especially in HAV-endemic regions. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore potential risk modifiers.

PMID:41480581 | PMC:PMC12754211 | DOI:10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02453

J Hand Microsurg. 2025 Dec 5;18(1):100392. doi: 10.1016/j.jham.2025.100392. eCollection 2026 Jan.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. In addition to traditional open carpal tunnel release (OCTR), endoscopic (ECTR) and mini-open (MOCTR) approaches have been developed as minimally invasive alternatives. However, comparative evidence regarding their clinical efficacy and safety remains inconsistent.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines, including 44 comparative studies (38 comparing ECTR vs OCTR and 6 comparing ECTR vs MOCTR) involving adult patients with idiopathic CTS. Outcomes extracted included pain (VAS), functional scores (BCTQ-SSS, BCTQ-FSS, DASH), grip and pinch strength, sensory symptoms, and complications such as pillar pain, nerve injury, opioid use, and revision CTR.

RESULTS: Across all functional measures (DASH, BCTQ-FSS, BCTQ-SSS), pain, and sensory outcomes, pooled analyses demonstrated no statistically significant differences between ECTR, OCTR, and MOCTR. Grip and pinch strength were also comparable, indicating equivalent long-term motor recovery. Postoperative VAS pain scores did not differ significantly between ECTR and OCTR (p = 0.10). Nerve injury also showed no significant difference between techniques in the random-effects model (p = 0.56). Opioid prescription rates were similar across groups. Notably, ECTR demonstrated a significantly lower revision CTR rate compared with OCTR (risk ratio = 0.46, 95 % CI 0.29-0.73; p = 0.0009).

CONCLUSION: Open, mini-open, and endoscopic carpal tunnel release techniques provide comparable outcomes in pain relief, functional recovery, strength, sensory symptoms, and overall safety for idiopathic CTS. Although revision CTR occurred less frequently after ECTR in the pooled analysis, the clinical significance of this difference remains uncertain. Technique selection should therefore be individualized based on surgeon expertise, patient priorities, and resource availability.

PMID:41480575 | PMC:PMC12754214 | DOI:10.1016/j.jham.2025.100392