Tag: pubmed

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):461-467. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_399_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Good oral hygiene is a critical component of overall oral health. Various methods have developed over time to assess oral hygiene status. In 1960, Greene and Vermillion introduced the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), which assessed debris and calculus on 12 tooth surfaces. In 1964, they proposed a Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which evaluated only 6 surfaces of six index teeth. The authors recommended the OHI-S due to its faster clinical assessments but concluded that it was less sensitive than the OHI despite both indices being sufficiently sensitive. In 1987, Garg S introduced the Modified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-M), which provides a more comprehensive evaluation by assessing debris and calculus on the facial (buccal/labial), oral (palatal/lingual), and specifically occlusal surfaces of each fully erupted permanent tooth. The OHI-M is a reliable and sensitive method for accurately evaluating oral hygiene status.

AIM: This study aims to comparatively evaluate oral hygiene status using OHI, OHI-S, and OHI-M and revalidate the OHI-M.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 221 patients (119 males and 102 females) were randomly selected through simple random sampling. A single investigator performed the scoring. The sample size was determined based on a 95% confidence level. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and Pearson’s correlation test was employed to assess the correlations.

RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of the OHI-M were found to be the lowest (2.55 ± 0.82) compared to the OHI (7.13 ± 1.79) and OHI-S (3.23 ± 0.99). It indicates that the variation in OHI-M values is smaller than that in OHI and OHI-S. Positive correlations were observed among the three indices, with a statistically significant result (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The OHI-M is found to be the most sensitive scoring method for evaluating oral hygiene status compared to the OHI and OHI-S. These results further confirm the validity of OHI-M.

PMID:40018718 | PMC:PMC11864336 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_399_23

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):436-442. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_112_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Partial extraction technique is a method of immediate implant placement, wherein the segment of root is retained in the socket to establish a continuous blood supply and prevent resorption of buccal bundle bone. This study was designed to compare and evaluate implant stability and esthetics by partial extraction therapy (PET) and immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 sites were included in the study and divided into two groups; the test group (PET) and the control group (immediate implant). The primary parameters assessed were implant stability, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; pink esthetic (PE) score, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; and cone-beam computed tomography for evaluating ridge width postoperatively and at the end of 6 months. The secondary parameters such as the Visual Analog Scale were assessed at the end of 24 h of surgical procedure; the sulcular bleeding index was evaluated at the 3^rd month and 6^th month; peri-implant probing depth was evaluated at the end of the 3^rd month and 6^th month.

RESULTS: At the end of the 6^th month, the test group (PET) showed improvement in implant stability, PEs, and ridge width than the control group (immediate implant placement). However, the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Implant placement by PET, serves as a dependable technique for preserving and maintaining alveolar bone and PEs as the retained root fragment within the socket prevents buccal bundle bone from resorption.

PMID:40018712 | PMC:PMC11864327 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_112_23

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):456-460. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_365_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this observational study was to assess the periodontal and salivary status of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients were divided into a test group (DM1G – T1DM, n = 15) and a control group (CG – normoglycemic, n = 15). Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated using probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PI). Salivary tests assessed pH, buffering capacity, salivary glucose, and peroxidase activity. Capillary blood glucose was recorded for all patients, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured only for patients with T1DM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05).

RESULTS: The results showed significantly higher PI and BOP values in DM1G (P < 0.01). Positive correlations were found between HbA1c, PI, and BOP (P < 0.01). Capillary blood glucose levels differed between groups (P < 0.01). Positive correlations between capillary blood glucose, PD, and CAL were found only in the CG (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the groups for salivary parameters (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1DM exhibit poorer periodontal conditions compared to normoglycemic individuals, although no significant differences were found in salivary parameters between the two groups.

PMID:40018711 | PMC:PMC11864328 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_365_23

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Mar-Apr;15(2):240-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.014. Epub 2025 Feb 10.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With rising life expectancy, partial edentulism has increased, particularly in developing nations where economic constraints, limited awareness, and inadequate dental care exacerbate the burden on aging populations. Patients with fewer than 20 teeth often experience a reduction in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), emphasizing the need for effective tooth replacement. Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are versatile, cost-effective solutions for partial tooth loss, including metal clasp-retained RPDs (MC-RPDs), thermoplastic resin RPDs (TR-RPDs), and cast partial dentures (CPDs).

METHODS: This study evaluates the oral health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness of these three RPD types. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 42 participants, divided into three groups: MC-RPD, TR-RPD, and CPD, each with 14 patients. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Satisfaction Questionnaire (SAT) were administered at baseline and three months post-denture delivery. The study adhered to Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.

RESULTS: Results showed significant differences in OHIP scores between the groups, with CPD offering the highest quality of life, followed by TR-RPD, and MC-RPD. Post-treatment, the mean OHIP scores for MC-RPD, TR-RPD, and CPD were 30.57 ± 4.09, 20.71 ± 4.03, and 22.36 ± 2.92, respectively, with CPD showing the greatest improvement. Patient satisfaction was highest for CPD, followed by TR-RPD, and least for MC-RPD. However, satisfaction differences between the groups were not statistically significant after three months.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the superior performance of CPDs in enhancing OHRQoL and patient satisfaction, though their higher cost may limit accessibility. These findings provide valuable insights for dental practitioners and patients in selecting the most suitable and cost-effective RPD treatment options.

PMID:40018667 | PMC:PMC11867513 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.014

Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2025 Jan 15;5(1):100425. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100425. eCollection 2025 Jan.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40018658 | PMC:PMC11867123 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100425

Front Rehabil Sci. 2025 Feb 13;6:1419963. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2025.1419963. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has reported significant alarming aftereffects experienced by some individuals following acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly referred to as long COVID. Long COVID is a set of symptoms that remain for weeks or months, after the initial phase of COVID-19 infection is ended.

OBJECTIVE: This study protocol outlines the methodology of a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the chronic effects of COVID-19 infection on the Indian population and determine the likely risk factors connected to the development and persistence of long COVID.

METHODOLOGY: This study will employ comprehensive search through a custom-made search strategy across significant databases (PubMed, MEDLINE etc.) and grey literature to identify related literature from January 2020 to December 2023. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesize data from various studies. The data synthesis will involve a comprehensive narrative and tabular presentation of outcome data from included studies, focusing on long-term effects of COVID-19 infection in Indian population. A meta-analysis will be conducted contingent upon the availability and suitability of data. If sufficient and comparable quantitative data are identified across the included studies, statistical synthesis will be undertaken. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will manage confounders, while MedCalc software will facilitate a meta-analysis to assess pooled data. Publication bias will be evaluated using statistical tests to ensure the integrity of the findings. In the absence of adequate data, a narrative synthesis will be performed to summarize the findings systematically and transparently.

CONCLUSION: The anticipated findings will contribute to a refined understanding of this condition and its lingering symptoms, guiding healthcare interventions and future research endeavors to mitigate the impact of long COVID in the Indian population.

PMID:40018652 | PMC:PMC11865057 | DOI:10.3389/fresc.2025.1419963

BMJ Public Health. 2024 Nov 2;2(2):e000798. doi: 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000798. eCollection 2024 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity (OB) in children remains a national epidemic. This trial targets children suffering from overweight (OW) and OB living in rural Appalachia. Rural Appalachia is fraught with unhealthy behaviours, high rates of OB, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes among children. Diabetes prevalence in Appalachia is nearly double that of other regions. The prevalence of Appalachian children suffering from OB and extreme obesity (EO) increases the severity of diabetes.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a stratified randomised-controlled trial to evaluate Mentored Planning to be Active+Family (MPBA+F) among seventh grade children with OW/OB/EO from rural Appalachian counties. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, MPBA+F curriculum is a self-regulation approach to physical activity (PA) developed at The Ohio State University and successfully tested for feasibility in rural Appalachian middle schools. MPBA+F (a) incorporates active skill-building activities; (b) reinforces self-regulating activities; (c) engages in individual and group PA; (d) builds the link between PA, hydration and physical health and (e) actively supports weekly PA goals. Weekly skills are incorporated into reinforcement assignments verified at the beginning the following week. The primary outcome is the average daily minutes of moderate-vigorous PA. We will stratify by sex assigned at birth and conduct intent-to-treat analysis. We use descriptive statistics to summarise cohort and group (MPBA+F or comparison) baseline characteristics and examine variable distributions. Bivariate tests examine the balance of baseline characteristics by intervention groups. Mixed-effects linear modelling will be our more primary regression strategy. A potential problem is loss of curricular integrity. Our process assessment, structured mentor training and Instructor’s Guide reduce this concern. Another concern may be the lack of reliable broadband access. Participating counties exceed 75% broadband access. Those who lose internet access may have materials mailed to their home or accessed on the study website.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association Grants Review Committee (Grant number 11-22-ICTSN-30), the host institution’s Social and Behavioral Human Subjects Review Committee (Protocol 2022B0149) and is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Protocol NCT05758441). All data that can be shared without compromising human subject protections will be shared to an approved open data repository within six months of publication or 18 months of the conclusion of the funding period (November 2025) if the study remains unpublished. Dissemination to families and stakeholders is by project newsletters. Public presentation of findings will be shared at the Annual Appalachian Translational Research Network and local health department meetings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05758441.

PMID:40018636 | PMC:PMC11816420 | DOI:10.1136/bmjph-2023-000798

BMJ Public Health. 2024 Oct 13;2(2):e000945. doi: 10.1136/bmjph-2024-000945. eCollection 2024 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Risky sexual behaviour, which puts young people at greater risk of acquiring HIV AIDS and sexually transmitted infection, is a significant public health concern all around the world. In 2020, 15% of ever reported HIV positive cases were youths in Nepal. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and its associated factors among youths of Pokhara metropolitan city.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done. The study population was youths aged 15-24 who were currently studying in grades 11/12 or at the bachelor level. The sample size was 850, interviewed in two strata (male and female). A multistage cluster sampling technique was used. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to obtain information. Bivariate (χ² test) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed to assess the statistically significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

RESULTS: Overall, nearly a third (31%) respondents ever had sexual intercourse. Similarly, the overall prevalence of risky sexual behaviour was 18.6% (95% CI=16% to 21.2%), while the prevalence among sexually active respondents was 60% (95% CI=53.7% to 65.5%). The prevalence varied greatly among two sexes where 72% male and 31% female were involved in risky sexual behaviour. The logistic regression analysis showed that females were 72% (AOR=0.28, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.69) less likely than males and youths aged 20-24 were 72% (AOR=0.28, 95% CI=0.13 to 0.57) less likely than adolescents aged 15-19 to engage in risky sexual behaviour. Similarly, in regard to caste, Janajatis were almost six times (AOR=5.56, 95% CI=2.47 to 12.5) and Dalits/Madhesi/others were almost two times more likely to involve in risky sexual behaviour than Brahmin/Chhetri.

CONCLUSION: This study shows a significantly higher prevalence of risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, males and Janajatis than their counterparts. Hence, youths should be educated and empowered to practice safe sexual behaviour through appropriate educational and behaviour change interventions with a special focus on adolescents, males and Janajatis.

PMID:40018633 | PMC:PMC11816093 | DOI:10.1136/bmjph-2024-000945

BMJ Public Health. 2024 Aug 21;2(2):e000884. doi: 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000884. eCollection 2024 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) continues to be a common problem among most patients with cancer. It is a subjective feeling of tiredness, weakness or lack of energy. CRF has a significant impact on social interactions, everyday activities and the general quality of life of patients with cancer worldwide. However, little is known about CRF in Ethiopia as well as in the current study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CRF among adult patients attending oncology units at the comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia.

METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with cancer undergoing treatment. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and participants’ medical charts were used to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of eight subsections, including sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural characteristics, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Performance Status Scale, Oslo Social Support Status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and clinical and medical factors. The data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and exported into SPSS V.26 for analysis. The participants’ characteristics were compiled using descriptive statics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a value of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULT: A total of 326 randomly selected patients with cancer, undergoing treatment, participated in this study; the response rate was 94%. The prevalence of CRF was found to be 63.93% (95% CI 58.5% to 69.25%). Depression (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.975, 95% CI 1.009 to 3.865), poor sleep quality (AOR 3.309, 95% CI 1.057 to 10.345), poor performance status (AOR 1.983, 95% CI 1.176 to 4.70), cancer stage (AOR 3.242, 95% CI 1.016 to 10.342) and admitted patients with cancer (AOR 2.047, 95% CI 1.122 to 3.734) were associated with CRF.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The prevalence of CRF was found to be high. Stage of cancer, poor sleep quality, poor performance status, depression and hospital admission were significant factors. The results show that healthcare providers should focus on risk factors as well as CRF through early screening and management.

PMID:40018631 | PMC:PMC11816097 | DOI:10.1136/bmjph-2023-000884

Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.22229. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Machine-learning (ML) models in flow cytometry have the potential to reduce error rates, increase reproducibility, and boost the efficiency of clinical labs. While numerous ML models for flow cytometry data have been proposed, few studies have described the clinical deployment of such models. Realizing the potential gains of ML models in clinical labs requires not only an accurate model but also infrastructure for automated inference, error detection, analytics and monitoring, and structured data extraction. Here, we describe an ML model for the detection of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), along with the infrastructure supporting clinical implementation. Our infrastructure leverages the resilience and scalability of the cloud for model inference, a Kubernetes-based workflow system that provides model reproducibility and resource management, and a system for extracting structured diagnoses from full-text reports. We also describe our model monitoring and visualization platform, an essential element for ensuring continued model accuracy. Finally, we present a post-deployment analysis of impacts on turn-around time and compare production accuracy to the original validation statistics.

PMID:40016870 | DOI:10.1002/cyto.b.22229